Lema (Lema) concinnipennis Baly, 1865

Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Imasaka, S., Sano, M. & Ôhara, M., 2011, Revision of the Lema (Lema) concinnipennis Baly, 1865 species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae) in Japan, Journal of Natural History 45 (25 - 26), pp. 1533-1561 : 1535-1543

Lema (Lema) concinnipennis Baly, 1865

( Figures 1A , 2–5 )

Lema concinnipennis Baly, 1865: 157 [ China] (NHM); Baly, 1873: 70 [ Japan].

Lema haemorrhoidalis Weise, 1889: 577 [ China] (ZMB), synonymized by Weise, 1922: 423.

Lema kiotensis Pic, 1924: 12 [ Japan] (MNHN), synonymized by Kuwayama, 1932:69.

Lema atriventris Pic, 1924: 13 [ China] (MNHN), synonymized by Gressitt and Kimoto 1961: 66.

Lema concinnipennis var. ventralis Kuwayama, 1932: 69 [Kôyadaira, Prov. Awa; Sapporo; Chosen] (SEHU); partim, see material examined and remarks of Lema cyanella .

Lema (Sulcatolema) concinnipennis: Chûjô, 1951: 106 .

Lema (Lema) concinnipennis: Monrós 1959: 183 .

Specimens examined

Paralectotype of Lema (Lema) concinnipennis var. ventralis , partim (see materials examined and remarks of Lema cyanella ). 1 ♂ // Corea / Matsumura [written on the front], Tatyudong / 1925 / E. Gallois [written on the back] //; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ // Corée Séoul: / 8 June 1919 / Edme Gallois //; 1 ♂ // Corea / Okamoto //; 1 ♀ // Kyoto, Yamashi- / ro, Japan, 25-7-13 / Shu. Hirayama //; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ // Shikoku: Awa / Koyadaira; / Japon, 4-8-1913 / Edme Gallois //; 2 exx. // Shikoku: Awa / Koyadaira; / Japon, 5-8- 1913 / Edme Gallois //; 1 ♀ // Shikoku: Awa / Koyadaira; / Japon, 6-8-1913 / Edme Gallois //; 2 ♂ // Shikoku: Awa / Koyadaira; / Japon, 7-8-1913 / Edme Gallois.

Holotype specimen of Lema kiotensis Pic, 1924 . 1 ♀ [questionable], // type // type // Kioto / giyon // kiotensis n. sp. [Photographs taken by Takuma Yoshida in MNHN were investigated.]

Holotype specimen of Lema atriventris Pic, 1924 . 1 ♂ // type // Kuatun // atriventris n. sp. [Photographs taken by Takuma Yoshida in MNHN were investigated.]

Others. [ China]: 2 ♂, Fukien, Shaowu, Tahulan (alt. 1000 m), 24 April 1943, T. Maa [ KM] ; 1 ♀, Suiaapa, Lichuan, Diatr (alt. 1000 m), 27 July 1948, W. Hupah [ KM] ; 1 ♀, 6 August 1948, same locality and collector as the preceding [ KM]. [ Korea] : 1 ♂, Daglet island , 7 August 1966, Y.K. Kim [ JPC] ; 1 ♂, Inchon , Kyonggi-do, 19 June 1981, T. Tachikawa [ EUM] ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cheju-do, Soegwipo, 8 / 5 / 1973 [ JPC]. [ Taiwan] : 1 ♀, Mt. Sen Pei , near Liu Kuei, 6 April 1987, K. Baba [ KM]. [Hokkaido, Japan] : 1 ♂, Sapporo-shi, K. Doi [ SEHU]. [ Honshu , Japan] Kanagawa Pref. : 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Nagasawa, Yokosuka-shi, 24 May 2007, I. Kawashima [ MYC]. Aichi Pref. : 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Sobue, Inazawa-shi, 7 August 1946, S. Osawa [ SEHU]. [ Shikoku , Japan] Osaka Pref. : 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, 2 May 1950, K. Sawada [ SEHU] ; 2 ♂, Takatsuki-shi, 23 May 1948, S. Ito [ SEHU]. Wakayama Pref. : 1 ♀, Singû-shi, June– July 1946, O. Nishigaito [ SEHU]. [ Kyushu , Japan] Saga Pref. : 1 ♂, Bizen-fumoto, Tosu-shi, 6 June 2008, Y. Matsumura [ MYC] Ôita Pref. : 1 ♂, Zyouzen, Bungotakadashi, 5 May 2009, M. Aono [ MYC] ; 8 ♂, 1 ♀, Shounai-machi, Ôita-shi, 6 June 2008, Y. Matsumura [ MYC]. Kumamoto Pref. : 1 ♂, Aso, Aso-gun, 5 June 2008, Y. Matsumura [ MYC]. Miyazaki Pref. : 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Takanabe, Hyûga-shi, June 1945, T. Nakane [ SEHU] ; 1 ♂, Uchiumi, Miyazaki-shi, 21 July 1954, K. Iwata [ SEHU]. Kagoshima Pref. : 1 ♀, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, 3 June 2008, Y. Matsumura [ MYC] .

Diagnosis

Body relatively slender. Vertex flat. Frontoclypeus with many sensilla. Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen wholly covered with setae.

Redescription

Body coloration ( Figure 1A ). Dorsal: head throughout dark indigo-blue, without red spot on vertex, antenna black; pronotum, elytra and scutellum shining indigo-blue; legs unicoloured black. Ventral: abdominal segments 1–2 black, segments 3–5 yellowish brown in many individuals, in three out of four individuals from China segments 3–5 also black, remaining individual from China all segments yellowish but it looks teneral adult; the other areas black throughout. Setae white.

Head ( Figures 2A – C ). Length and width almost equal; postocular region strongly constricted, rear region forming noticeable neck; vertex groove very deep; top of vertex slightly swollen to flat in most individuals, in some individuals with marked swelling, with median groove, its surface covered with a few transverse wrinkles and setae arising from large punctures; area between vertex groove and compound eye with large punctures bearing setae, some setae long; frontoclypeus triangular, enclosed by grooves, bearing relatively short setae on two posterior sides, central region with relatively long setae; labrum with eight relatively long setae along posterior margin; antenna filiform, 0.5–0.6 times as long as body length, segments 1–2 with a few long setae, segments 3–11 bearing velutinous setation, segments 3 + 4 slightly longer than segment 5, 5th longest and slender, segments 1 and 2 globular, segments 3–10 cylindrical but thickening toward apex, segment 11 cylindrical and uniform in diameter, apex of segment 11 conically prominent.

Pronotum ( Figure 2B ). Fairly wider than long, constriction located in the middle; surface bearing relatively small punctures with coarse arrangement and unclear transverse groove near base, anterior and basal margins narrowly ridged, posterior margin internally bearing close, dense setation. A long seta arising from each anterior and posterior corner.

Mesonotum ( Figure 2B ). Scutellum trapezoid in shape, posterior corners round; surface dispersedly covered with curved setae. Right anterior area of scutellum covered with coarse setation.

Elytra ( Figure 1A ). Relatively slender in shape, 1.7 times longer than wide; noticeably depressed on anterior region in Japanese and Korean individuals, but in Chinese individuals no depression recognizable; strial punctures being subobsolete distally, interstrial area smooth.

Pygidium . Bearing very dense setation except for area with many transverse rows of ridges (stridulatory devices).

Mouthparts (not all setae were detected) ( Figure 3 ). Mandible short and stout, strongly sclerotized; anterior region armed with three teeth; mola well- developed; bristles between teeth and mola relatively long, basal half in cluster of bristles curved basally; apodeme relatively short. Maxilla short; palpus five-segmented, segment 1 conico-cylindrical with slightly constricted apical area, apex of segment 1 covered with small projections, segments 2–5 cylindrical and slightly longer than wide; galea twosegmented; lacinia covered with stout setae on apical segment; base of cardo with two slender apodemes. Labium palpiger four-segmented, segments 3 and 4 relatively stout, apex of palpiger segment covered with small projections; ligula largely membranous, median area of ligula strongly sclerotized, anterior part covered with very stout setae. Gula and genae wholly covered with relatively coarse setation with large punctures.

Prothorax (lateral and dorsal, Figure 2D ). Anterior part of prosternum transversely oblong, basal half covered with dense setation, anterior region coarsely bearing curved setae; prosternal process very narrow and higher than anterior part, bearing setae on ridge-line, posterior end widened. Surface of pronotal hypomeron smooth except at middle with complex sculpture; posterior margin of pronotal hypomeron not closed and forming arms, but prosternal process bridging them. Anterior and posterior ends of prothorax with setae on fringe: anterior with curved one and posterior with straight one.

Mesothorax ( Figure 2D ). Surface of mesosternum bearing microsculpture and close setation, with ridge along posterior margin. Mesepisternum and mesepimeron covered with dense setation.

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Metathorax ( Figure 2D ). Metasternum oblong with ridge on each side; surface densely covered with setae except median triangular area where glabrous, anterior ridge covered by curved setae, lateral ridge with no setae, lateral half of posterior ridge with setae. Metepisternum with longitudinal groove in middle; surface bearing dense setation, lateral half with glabrous area where covered by elytra.

Legs. Forecoxae conico-cylindrical in shape, bearing dense and fine setae, foretrochanters glabrous but with a long sensillum and a few short ones on anterior ridge-line; profemora almost glabrous except lateral apex with dense setation in ventral view, in dorsal view bearing relatively dense setation except for basal area where glabrous. Midcoxae spherical, bearing dense, short setae on ventral half. Mid- and hindtrochanters glabrous but with a few setae on posterior ridge-line; anterior half of mid- and hindfemora bearing dense setation and posterior half coarse setation in ventral view, and in dorsal view glabrous except for lateral one-third with dense setation. Tibiae slender and thickening toward apex, covered with dense setation, in basal area with curved setae, in mid to apical part with straight and slightly hardened setae; apex bordered with spine-like, translucent brown projections, and also armed with a pair of very short spines on ventrally, spines stout in shape and equal to each other in length.

Abdominal sternite ( Figures 2E, F ). Surface of segment 1 densely covered with setae but globular at middle and near hindcoxae area. Sternites 2–4 densely covered with setae but with coarse setation around midline. Sternite 5 uniformly covered with dense setation in male, in female with glabrous area at middle. In males, segment 1 bearing ridge at midline.

Male genitalia ( Figure 4 ). Consisting mainly of five parts: tergite 8, second spiculum, tegmen, median lobe and internal sac. Tergite 8 similar to that of female as described below. Second spiculum consisting of two pairs of twig-like sclerites, one pair longer than the other one, longer pair asymmetrical in length. Median lobe and tegmen are rotated at 90 ◦ by the body axis. Internal sac showing specialized morphology as in other members of the subgenus Lema ; sclerite having long median ejaculatory guide; basal part of lateral lobe not separated, shape anchor-like in ventral view; membrane having horny process on dorsal side of sclerite.

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Female genitalia ( Figure 5 ). Consisting of four parts: tergites 8 and 9, and sternites 8 and 9. Tergites 8 and 9 and sternite 9 consisting of a pair of sclerites; sternite 8 with stick-like apodeme; tergites 8 and 9 and base of sternite 8 covered by scale-like or transverse wrinkles.

Measurements

Elytral length: male: 3.81 ± 0.21 mm (mean ± SD), female: 4.14 ± 0.16 mm. Elytral width: male: 2.19 ± 0.12 mm, female: 2.46 ± 0.11 mm. Pronotum length: male: 1.08 ± 0.06 mm, female: 1.15 ± 0.09 mm. Pronotum width: male: 1.24 ± 0.06 mm, female: 1.35 ± 0.07 mm. Ratio (length of antennal segment 3 + 4 / 5): 1.37 ± 0.09 (range: 1.09–1.83).

Distribution

Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), China, Korea.

Although Weise (1922) recorded L. concinnipennis from the Philippines, Komiya (2005) identified the Philippine population of L. concinnipennis as a new species, which he described as L. (L.) satoi Komiya, 2005 .

Host plants

Commelina communis (Commelinaceae) in Japan. The Provincial Forestry Department of Hunan (1992) mentioned Commelinaceae plants, Chrysanthemum spp. (Asteraceae) and Cirsium spp. (Asteraceae) as their host plants in Hunan ( China), although we have never observed L. concinnipennis from Asteraceae plants in Japan. Baly (1873) also reported this species from Chrysanthemum spp. in Japan; however, it was concluded that he actually described L. cirsicola , not L. concinnipennis .

Remarks

Monrós (1959) synonymized L. concinnipennis var. ventralis with L. concinnipennis without any comments. We have examined the syntypes of L. concinnipennis var. ventralis and found that not all syntypes were identified as L. concinnipennis . We designated as lectotype the specimen belonging to L. cyanella (see material examined and remarks under L. cyanella for detail). Therefore, we resurrect L. concinnipennis var. ventralis from synonymy with L. concinnipennis . Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) synonymized L. inaequalicollis Pic, 1924 with L. concinnipennis without any comments. We have examined photographs of the type specimen and conclude that the species is not identical to L. concinnipennis (see remarks under L. cyanella for detail).

Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) mentioned the possibility that L. (L.) sikanga Gressitt, 1942 (type locality: China) was a synonym of L. concinnipennis , although they could not detect where the type specimen was deposited. Since this species is not known in Japan, it was not evaluated in the present study. However, it will need to be examined in future studies of the species group Lema concinnipennis .

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Figures

Figure 1. Habitus. (A) L. concinnipennis; (B) L. cyanella; (C) L. cirsicola; (D) biology of L. cyanella.

Figure 2. SEM photographs of L. concinnipennis. (A) Antenna; (B) head, pronotum and scutellum; (C) head (enlarged); (D) pro-, meso- and metasterna; (E) abdomen (male); (F) abdomen (female).

Figure 3. Mouthparts of L. concinnipennis. (A) Mandible; (B) maxilla; (C) labium.

Figure 4. Male genitalia of L. concinnipennis. (A) Habitus; (B) aedeagus and internal sac (to show inner structure of internal sac, a part of outer membrane was removed); (C) internal sac sclerite (lateral view); (D) internal sac sclerite (ventral view).

Figure 5. Female genitalia of L. concinnipennis. (A) Tergite 8 (right sclerite); (B) tergite 9 (right sclerite); (C) sternite 8 (left sclerite); (D) sternite 9.