Planiliza carinata ( Valenciennes, 1836 )

Hasan, Mohammad Eusuf, Hasan, Ariba, Béarez, Philippe, Shen, Kang-Ning, Chang, Chih-Wei, Tran, Thanh Thi Viet, Golani, Daniel, Al-Saboonchi, Azhar, Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed & Durand, Jean-Dominique, 2022, Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850), a senior synonym of Planiliza affinis (Günther, 1861) with a re-evaluation of keeled back mullets (Mugiliformes Mugilidae), Zootaxa 5194 (4), pp. 497-518 : 508-509

Planiliza carinata ( Valenciennes, 1836)

Red Sea keeled mullet

( Fig. 7 , 9A ; Table 3 )

Mugil carinatus Valenciennes 1836: 148 (in part, Red Sea syntypes only, collected by Ehrenberg; lectotype: MNHN A. 3643, paralectotype: MNHN 1987-1322, formerly A. 3643; lectotype designated by Senou et al. 1987)

Liza carinata Trewavas & Ingham 1972: 24 (Red Sea, Suez and Eastern Mediterranean); Senou et al. 1987: 306 (Gulf of Suez, Suez Canal, Nile Delta, the Bardawil Lagoon, and Eastern Mediterranean); Thomson 1997: 518 (in part, Red Sea, and Mediterranean); Bilecenoðlu et al. 2002: 105 (Mediterranean Coast, Turkey); Golani 2005: 48 (Mediterranean Coast, Israel); Fricke et al. 2007:67 (Mediterranean Coast, Turkey); Bariche 2012: 335 (Eastern Mediterranean Coast); Elbaraasi et al. 2019: 98 (Libyan Coast, southern Mediterranean Sea).

Planiliza carinata Durand 2016: 34 ; Bogorodsky & Randall 2018: 242 (Red Sea); Golani & Fricke 2018: 119 (Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba); Bariche & Fricke 2020:120 ( Lebanon Coast, Mediterranean Sea); Golani 2021:66 (Mediterranean Coast, Israel).

Materials examined (n=15): MNHN A. 3643 (X), (Lectotype), 86.9 mm SL , MNHN 1987-1322 (formerly A. 3643) (X), (Paralectotype), 80.0 mm SL, both from Red Sea. HUJ 18551, 145 mm SL, Haifa, Israel, collected by Daniel Golani, 2000-02-09; MNHN 2019-0085 (X) , 12 specimens, 98–138 mm SL [GenBank CO 1: MT 999020 – MT 999031 ], Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) at Eilat, Israel, collected by Daniel Golani , 2013-02-11.

Diagnosis: Hind tip of maxilla exposed when mouth closed; head relatively large, slightly convex, head length 26–30% of SL; adipose eyelid developed anteriorly and posteriorly; mid-dorsal line sharply keeled; 11–13 rows in transverse scale; usually 34–38 scales in lateral series; pectoral-fin generally with 16 rays; pectoral-fin length 20–24% of SL, just reaching to level of first dorsal-fin. Three supraneurals: first between second and third vertebrae, second between fourth and fifth vertebrae, and third between fifth and sixth vertebrae ( Fig. 9A ). First pterygiophore of spinous dorsal fin between sixth and seventh vertebrae ( Fig. 9A ).

Description ( Fig. 7 ): Counts and proportional measurements are shown in Table 3 . Body somewhat short and compressed. Mid-dorsal line anterior to first dorsal fin keeled. Head large; dorsal profile of head somewhat convex. Adipose eyelid developed anteriorly and posteriorly, covering part of iris, posterior portion thin. Maxilla posteriorly curved down; maxilla tip exposed when mouth closed. Mouth terminal; upper lip somewhat thin; lower lip thinner than upper lip, forms thin edge. Prominent symphysial knob present at upper end of lower jaw. Body scales weakly ctenoid. Interorbital space scaled. First dorsal-fin origin closer to snout tip than caudal-fin base; origin of second dorsal fin on vertical through anterior third of anal fin. Pectoral fin just reaching to level of first dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginate. Total number of vertebrae 24 (11+13).

Colour when fresh ( Fig. 7 ): Head and dorsal half of body bluish grey, ventral half silvery. First and second dorsal fins greyish. Caudal fin with a dark margin; caudal-fin origin darkish, but pale in middle. Anal fin whitish. Pelvic fin white. Pectoral fin darkish, pectoral fin base darker dorsally.

Distribution: Currently known from Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea ( Bogorodsky & Randall 2018, Golani & Fricke 2018), including Suez Canal and the coast of Nile Delta, and in the eastern Mediterranean ( Senou et al. 1987, Golani et al. 2002, Golani 2005, Bariche 2012, Elbaraasi et al. 2019, Bariche & Fricke 2020, Golani 2021), northward to the Turkish coast ( Bilecenoðlu et al. 2002, Fricke et al. 2007). Thomson (1997) considers the Mediterranean population as ‘doubtless descendants’ from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal, i.e., a Lessepsian migrant species.

Comparisons: Planiliza carinata differs from the other west Asian keeled back mullet, P. klunzingeri , by the position of the third supraneural, and first pterygiophore of first dorsal fin ( Senou et al. 1987, this study). In P. carinata , they are positioned between fifth and sixth, and sixth and seventh vertebrae respectively vs. sixth and seventh, and seventh and eighth vertebrae respectively in P. klunzingeri (see Fig. 9A, B ). Senou et al. (1987) observed that P. carinata has fewer total gill-rakers than P. klunzingeri (69–93 vs. 79–109).

Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Chelon carinatus or Liza carinata or Planiliza carinata cited by Eagderi et al. (2019), and Arabian Sea record of Chelon carinata by Manilo & Bogorodsky (2003), most likely refer to Planiliza klunzingeri . Similarly, East Asian reports of Liza carinata or Chelon carinatus (e.g., China by Pan et al. 1991, Zhu 1995; Korea by Kim 1997) refer to Planiliza lauvergnii . Reports of Mugil carinatus or Chelon carinatus in freshwater habitats of Madagascar and other south-western Indian Ocean Islands by Pellegrin (1933) and Fricke et al. (2018) are most probably misidentifications.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Planiliza carinata, fresh specimen colouration, HUJ 18551, 145 mm SL, Haifa, Israel, Mediterranean Sea. (Photo: David Darom).

FIGURE 9. X-ray images of axial skeleton of Planiliza carinata (A) and Planiliza klunzingeri (B). Arrows indicate position of third supraneural and first pterygiophore of first dorsal fin—A. Planiliza carinata, MNHN 2019-0085-2 (138 mm SL) between 5th and 6th, and 6th and 7th vertebra; B. Planiliza klunzingeri, MNHN 2019-0086 (148 mm SL) between 6th and 7th, and 7th and 8th vertebra (Images: J. Pfliger, MNHN, Paris).