Levizonus, Attems, 1931

Mikhaljova, Elena V., 2021, Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 751, pp. 159-184 : 178

Key to the species of Levizonus

1. Metatergal surface with low bosses either everywhere ( Fig. 1A–B ) or only laterally. Gonopods as in Fig. 2A–D …………………………………………………………… L. circularis Takakuwa, 1942

– Metatergal surface smooth, without any bosses.Gonopods different…………………………………2

2. Apex of gonopod telopodite like two plates placed perpendicular to each other ( Fig. 6A–B ) ……………………………………………………… L. malewitschi Lokschina & Golovatch, 1977

– Apex of gonopod telopodite not like two plates placed perpendicular to each other ………3

3. SL with a large long H basally ( Fig. 4B–D )…………………… L. distinctus Mikhaljova, 1990

– SL without a large long H basally ………………………………………………………………4

4. Telopodite apex trifurcate ………………………………………… L. takakuwai ( Verhoeff, 1941)

– Telopodite apex not trifurcate ……………………………………………………………………5

5. SL massive, dentiform. ( Fig. 5B–D ) …………………………… L. laqueatus Mikhaljova, 1981

– SL not massive, not dentiform ……………………………………………………………………6

6. Apical edge of telopodite without numerous small outgrowths …… L. montanus ( Takakuwa, 1941)

– Apical edge of telopodite with one to numerous small outgrowths, seldom smooth ………………7

7. Telopodite subapically with lateral large knee-shaped protrusion (K) ( Fig. 8C ). Telopodite apex narrower ( Fig. 8D ) …………………………………………… L. nakhodka Mikhaljova sp. nov.

– Telopodite subapically with lateral small rounded protrusion (K1) ( Fig. 10A–D ). Telopodite apex broader ( Fig. 11A ) …………………………………………………… L. thaumasius Attems, 1898

Figures

Fig. 1. Levizonus circularis Takakuwa, 1942, ♂, from Russia (FSCB 142005). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Midbody rings, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Levizonus circularis Takakuwa, 1942, ♂♂, ♀, from China (FSCB 12019Ch) (A–B) and Russia (FSCB 232008, 212008) (C–G). A. Gonopod, lateral view, longitudinal striae are not visible. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C, F. Gonopod apex, ventral view. D. Gonopod, lateral view, coxite partially destroyed. E. Middle part of gonopod, mesal view. G. Vulva, mesal view. Scale bars: A, E = 200 μm; D, G = 100 μm; B–C, F = 20 μm.

Fig. 6. Levizonus malewitschi Lokschina & Golovatch, 1977, ♂ (FSCB 11986) and ♀ (FSCB 11982). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, mesal view. C. Vulva, mesal view. D. Gonopod, mesal view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C–D = 100 μm; B = 10 μm.

Fig. 4. Levizonus distinctus Mikhaljova, 1990, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 11983, 11984). A. Gonopod, mesal view, unnaturally curved. B. Gonopod apex, mesal view, slightly rotated around its axis. C–D. Gonopod apex, ventral view, in somewhat different angles. E. Vulva, mesal view. Scale bars: A, D–E = 100 μm; B = 20 μm; C = 10 μm.

Fig. 5. Levizonus laqueatus Mikhaljova, 1981, ♂, ♀ (FSCB 101979). A. Gonopod, mesal view. B. Gonopod apex, mesal view. C. Gonopod, lateral view. D. Gonopod apex, lateral view. E. Gonopod apex, ventral view, slightly turned mesally. F. Vulva, ventromesal view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F = 100 μm; B, E = 20 μm; D = 10 μm.

Fig. 8. Levizonus nakhodka Mikhaljova sp. nov., ♂♂, paratypes (FSCB 22020, FSCB 112020) and ♀, paratype (FSCB 122020). A. Gonopod telopodite, lateral view. B, D. Gonopod apex from slightly different angles, ventral view. C. Distal part of gonopod, lateral view. E. Vulva, mesal view. Scale bars: A, D–E = 200 μm; B, C = 20 μm.

Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm.

Fig. 11. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂ (FSCB 12016). A–B. Gonopod apex, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 20 μm.