Beauveria peruviensis D.E.Bustamante, M.S.Calderon, M.Oliva, S.Leiva

Bustamante, Danilo E., Oliva, Manuel, Leiva, Santos, Mendoza, Jani E., Bobadilla, Leidy, Angulo, Geysen & Calderon, Martha S., 2019, Phylogeny and species delimitations in the entomopathogenic genus Beauveria (Hypocreales, Ascomycota), including the description of B. peruviensis sp. nov., MycoKeys 58, pp. 47-68 : 47

Beauveria peruviensis D.E.Bustamante, M.S.Calderon, M.Oliva, S.Leiva sp. nov. Fig. 3

Diagnosis.

Species very similar morphologically to Beauveria bassiana , but differing in the sister phylogenetic relationship with this species ( Fig. 2 ). The sequence divergence between B. peruviensis and B. bassiana is 3.5-4.1% for Bloc, 0.3-0.5% for rpb1, and 0.2-0.4% for tef1. B. peruviensis is occurring in coffee plantations located in the middle altitudes of the Amazon region of Peru.

Type.

PERU. Amazonas: Prov. Rodríguez de Mendoza, Dist. Huambo, latitude -6.469, longitude -77.376, elev. 1642 m, entomopathogenic, 08 Nov. 2017, G. Ángulo, UTRP19 (holotype: UFV5609; isotype: ARSEF14196).

Description.

Colony growth on PDA, 15-38 mm diam. after 15 d at 25 C, 1.4-1.9 daily rate of radial growth, velutinous and closely appressed to agar surface, up to 3.5 mm thick, white, changing to yellowish white in older sections of the colony. Conidia aggregated as ca. 0.1 mm spherical clusters and white in mass. Colony reverse colorless or yellowish white to grayish white. Odor indistinct. Vegetative hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1-1.5 μm wide. Conidiogenous cells, phialidic, solitary or occurring in dense lateral clusters, base subsphaerical, 3-6 μm wide, sympodially branched neck tapering into a long slender denticulate rachis, geniculate or irregularly bent, 2.0-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 μm. Conidia, 2-3 × 1-3 μm, Q = 1.0-1.8 (Lm = 2.5 μm, Wm = 2.2 μm, Qm = 1.6), mainly globose, slightly ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical, hyaline, aseptate, walls smooth and thin. Mycelium on the host is granular-pulverulent, sometimes funiculose or rarely producing synnemata, white, rarely yellowish. Hyphae of the aerial mycelium bearing a conidial apparatus as described above. Basal parts of the conidiogenous cells globose, subglobose or somewhat flask-shaped.

Distribution.

This species is widely spread on coffee plantations in the middle altitudes of the Amazon region in northeastern Peru.

Ecology.

B. peruviensis was isolated from coffee borers ( Hypothenemus hampei ) obtained from coffee grains. Only the asexual stage was found.

Etymology.

The specific epithet ' peruviensis ' is derived from the country where the samples were collected.

Additional specimens examined.

PERU. Amazonas: Prov. Rodríguez de Mendoza, Dist. Chirimoto, Achamal, -6.535, -77.408, 1351 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF21 (UTR); -6.534, -77.409, 1345 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF22 (UTR); -6.544, -77.404, 1435 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF23 (UTR); -6.539, -77.401, 1374 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF24 (UTR); -6.539, -77.407, 1386 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF25 (UTR); -6.543, -77.405, 1428 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF26 (UTR); Paraiso, -6.569, -77.383, 1218 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF37 (UTR); -6.568, -77.382, 1197 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF38 (UTR); -6.567, -77.389, 1387 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF39 (UTR); -6.571, -77.385, 1250 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF40 (UTR); -6.579, -77.403, 1427 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP12 (UTR); -6.58, -77.403, 1444 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP13 (UTR); -6.579, -77.404, 1439 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP14 (UTR); Trancapata, -6.546, -77.389, 1255 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF31 (UTR); -6.564, -77.384, 1161 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF34 (UTR); Virgen del Carmen, -6.586, -77.379, 1313 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF42 (UTR); -6.586, -77.378, 1271 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF43 (UTR); -6.586, -77.377, 1256 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF44 (UTR); -6.581, -77.377, 1138 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF46 (UTR); Zarumilla, -6.568, -77.376, 1118 m alt., 26 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF35 (UTR); -6.58, -77.403, 1461 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP15 (UTR); -6.58, -77.403, 1149 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP16 (UTR); -6.559, -77.385, 1160 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP17 (UTR); -6.558, -77.385, 1160 m alt., 10 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP18 (UTR); Huambo, Chontapamapa, -6.419, -77.557, 1637 m alt., 27 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF66 (UTR); Dos Cruces, -6.579, -77.378, 1624 m alt., 27 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF53 (UTR); -6.424, -77.548, 1668 m alt., 27 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF58 (UTR); -6.425, -77.55, 1642 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP19 (UTR); -6.425, -77.55, 1629 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP20 (UTR); -6.424, -77.549, 1661 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP21 (UTR); -6.425, -77.548, 1671 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP22 (UTR); -6.424, -77.548, 1681 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP23 (UTR); -6.423, -77.548, 1682 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP24 (UTR); -6.422, -77.548, 1671 m alt., 11 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP25 (UTR); Escobar, -6.42, -77.549, 1666 m alt., 27 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF59 (UTR); -6.42, -77.549, 1674 m alt., 27 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF60 (UTR); Omia, El Tingo, -6.469, -77.376, 1431 m alt., 25 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF19 (UTR); -6.475, -77.381, 1349 m alt., 25 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF20 (UTR); La Primavera, -6.634, -77.231, 1283 m alt., 25 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF5 (UTR); -6.64, -77.224, 1362 m alt., 25 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF7 (UTR); -6.632, -77.222, 1205 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP4 (UTR); -6.632, -77.222, 1209 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP5 (UTR); -6.638, -77.225, 1280 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP6 (UTR); -6.637, -77.225, 1275 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP7 (UTR); -6.636, -77.227, 1255 m alt., 25 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP8 (UTR); -6.632, -77.225, 1238 m alt., 4 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP9 (UTR); Libano, -6.623, -77.235, 1174 m alt., 24 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF2 (UTR); -6.611, -77.237, 1330 m alt., 24 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF3 (UTR); -6.625, -77.242, 1235 m alt., 24 Jul. 2017, G. Angulo UTRF4 (UTR); -6.612, -77.237, 1307 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP1 (UTR); -6.618, -77.234, 1242 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP2 (UTR); -6.626, -77.247, 1284 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP3 (UTR); -6.62, -77.235, 1226 m alt., 3 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP10 (UTR); -6.618, -77.237, 1236 m alt., 4 Aug. 2017, G. Angulo UTRP11 (UTR).

Notes.

Beauveria peruviensis is practically indistinguishable in morphology to other Beauveria species. The shape and size of the conidia and the colony color of B. peruviensis among other morphological features have been observed in B. bassiana , B. kipukae , B. pseudobassiana , and B. varroae ( Rehner et al. 2011). The lack of diagnostic morphological features to distinguish Beauveria peruviensis was overcome by delimiting this species with DNA-based methodologies.

Figures

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood inference of combined Bloc, RPB 1, Tef 1 data. Value above branches = Maximum likelihood bootstrap values (BS) / Bayesian posterior probabilities. Grey bars represent species delimitation results from ABGD-, SPN-, GMYC- and BPP based algorithmic methods based on Bloc, RPB 1, and Tef 1 sequences. Scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitution per site. a: delimited as the same species. B. araneola, B. gryllotalpidicola, B. loeiensis, B. medogensis, and B. rudraprayagi were not delimited by any DNA-based algorithm due to abundant missing data in their sequences.

Figure 3. Morphology of Beauveria amazonensis. A, B Colony growth on PDA showing the habit C-F conidiogenous cells and conidia.