Nonacris Walker

Fachin, Diego Aguilar, González, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario & Hauser, Martin, 2021, A catalog of Stratiomyidae (Diptera: Brachycera) from Chile, with a new synonym and notes on the species, Zootaxa 5004 (1), pp. 1-57 : 33-34

Genus Nonacris Walker

Nonacris Walker, 1850: 7 . Type species: Nonacris transequa Walker, 1850 , by monotypy.

= Nanacris Nagatomi, 1991: 23. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Refs.: Walker, 1854: 103 (in key), 112 (cat., in Xylophagidae ); Hardy, 1920: 536 (rev., as syn. of Chiromyza ); Bezzi, 1922: 124 (com.); Enderlein, 1921: 154 (classification, in Stratiomyidae ), 157 (in key); Hardy, 1924: 361 (com.); Nagatomi & Yukawa (1969): 634 (rev., as syn. of Chiromyza ); James, 1973a: 26.3 (cat.); James, 1975a: 23 (com.); Woodley, 2001: 50 (cat.); Pujol et al. 2001: 1 (com.); Pujol-Luz & Pujol-Luz, 2014: 404 (list).

Comments. There is no clear separation between Nonacris and Chiromyza . It has been assumed that Nonacris has at least seven antennomeres (i.e., scape, pedicel, and at least five flagellomeres) ( N. transequa ; see Walker, 1850), while Chiromyza has three to five, scape, pedicel and a single to at most three flagellomeres (see Wiedemann, 1820), but this is controversial as this feature has not been evaluated across the genera. In addition, both genera have holoptic males, bare eyes in both sexes and wing vein R 4+5 fused, with no R 4 free of R 5. The examination of the type specimens of some species of Nonacris , which included the male holotype of N. transequa Walker, 1850 and of some Chiromyza , deposited in the NHMUK collection confirms the similarity of the two genera. In fact, Nonacris was proposed as a synonym of Chiromyza by Hardy (1920: 536) and accepted by Bezzi (1922: 119). In this respect, a male specimen conspecific with the female syntypes of C. vittata , type species of Chiromyza , still needs to be examined for confirmation. Particularly, the three species of Nonacris known from Chile are separated from the remainder species by having eyes densely pilose. It is interesting to note that only Barbiellinia Bezzi, 1922 , a genus of five species exclusively known from southern Brazil, has this feature (see Bezzi, 1922: 121). At least two of the three Chilean species ( N. hamata James, 1975a and N. laminata James, 1975a ) have five flagellomeres (see James, 1975a: 24).

chilensis Lindner, 1943

Nonacris chilensis Lindner, 1943: 91 .

Syntypes: 3 males, 3 females ( ZSM). Type locality: Chile, Aysén Province, Calbuco [according to Lindner, 1943: 91, but probably an error; see Macromeracis engeli ’s comments]. Distr.: Ñuble Region: Diguillín Province ( Las Trancas ); Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province (8 km W Refugio La Picada, Volcán Osorno ), Llanquihue Province ( Calbuco ) .

Refs.: James, 1973a: 26.3 (cat.); James, 1975a: 23 (in key); Pujol-Luz et al., 2001: 2 (diag.), 3–5 (descr. of fem. term. fig. 1); Woodley, 2001: 50 (cat.).

hamata James, 1975a

Nonacris hamata James, 1975a: 24 ; 23 (in key); 28, fig. 25 (male terminalia).

Holotype: male (depository institution not stated by James, 1975a: 24, but presumed UC = MEUC, currently in CAS, No. 19150; see Discussion). Type locality: Chile, Chiloé Province, Ancud , 41º52’S, 73º50’W. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province (35 km W Osorno), Chiloé Province ( Ancud , Chepu ).

Ref.: Woodley, 2001: 50 (cat.).

Comments. Of the 26 paratypes (25 males and one female) mentioned in the original description, 10 (sexes not stat- ed) are deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 905; see Zack, 1984: 27) and other nine (sexes not stated) are in the CAS collection. The depository institution of the remaining six paratypes remains unknown.

laminata James, 1975a

Nonacris laminata James, 1975a: 24 ; 23 (in key).

Holotype: male (depository institution not stated by James, 1975a: 25, but presumed UC = MEUC, currently in CAS, No. 19149; see Discussion). Type locality: Chile, Llanquihue Province: 15 km S of Puerto Montt, 41°30’S, 73°00’W, sea level. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province ( Pucatrihue , Refugio La Picada , Volcán Osorno ), Llanquihue Province (15 km S of Puerto Montt), Chiloé Province ( Chepu ).

Ref.: Woodley, 2001: 50 (cat.).

Comments. This is the only species of Nonacris in Chile, in which R 4 is free of R 5, at least, in part of the specimens ( James 1975a: 25). Of the 19 paratypes (17 males and two females) mentioned in the original description, five (sexes not stated) are deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 904; see Zack, 1984: 27) and the other 14 (sexes not stated) are in the CAS collection.