Temeritas andreazzei, Medeiros & Bellini, 2019

Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2019, Two new species of Temeritas Richards (Collembola, Symphypleona, Sminthuridae) from Neotropical Region, with comments on the genus, Zootaxa 4586 (3), pp. 536-552 : 538-544

Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov.

Figs 1 – 24 , Table 1

Type material. Holotype female in slide ( TY /0020, CC / UFRN): Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte state, João Câmara municipality, “Cauaçu Farm”, 05°32’15” S, 35°49’11” W, 07-viii-2011, entomological aspirator, Ferreira, A.S. & Bellini, B.C. coll. Paratypes 8 females and 2 males in slides ( TY /0020, CC / UFRN) plus 4 females and 1 male in slides ( CRFS-UEPB), all with the same data as holotype .

Description. Body (head + trunk) length of type series ranging between 0.63–1.77 mm, males average 0.89 mm, females average 1.24 mm, type series average 1.19 mm, holotype with 1.44 mm. Habitus typical of the genus. Body color mostly dark purple, with light purple pigments on anterior and posterior dorsal large abdomen and parafurcal area; antennae somehow stripped with dark and light purple pigments; legs and furca mostly whitish ( Fig. 1 ). Body chaetae slightly serrated and acuminate.

Head ( Figs 2–10 ). Antennae longer than body length, with 1.56 mm in holotype ( Figs 1 – 3 ). Antennal segments ratio of Ant I:II:III:IV as 1:1.61:3.26:11.50. Ant IV with 27 subsegments on males and 28 on females, subsegment 1 with 10 chaetae, subsegments 2–3 with 6 and 7 chaetae respectively, subsegments 4–6 with 9 chaetae each, subsegments 7–27(26 on males) with 10 chaetae each, subsegment 28(27 on males) with about 25 chaetae, one apical curved ( Fig. 2 ). Ant III with 20 chaetae, four longer and thicker on basal half, apical organ typical with two sense rods inside two separate invaginations, surrounding subapical microsensillum present ( Fig. 3 ). Ant II with 16 chaetae, four longer and thicker ( Fig. 3 ). Ant I with five thick chaetae plus one smaller ( Fig. 3 ). Head length (eyes to mouth) of holotype 0.68 mm. Eyes 8+8, lenses subequal in size ( Fig. 4 ). Clypeal area a–g lines with 7/7/6/5(+1)/ 6(+1)/7/3 chaetae respectively, three central pairs of longer chaetae in lines d, e and f respectively, four extra chaetae with unclear homologies (circled) ( Figs 4–5 ). Interantennal area with α and γ lines with 2 and 1 chaetae respectively, γ chaeta longer than others; frontal area with A–E lines with 1(+1)/2/2(+1)/2(+1)/2 chaetae respectively; 1, 1, 2 and 1 spiniform chaetae in lines B, C, D and E respectively ( Fig. 4 ). Ventral head chaetotaxy as in Fig. 5 , ventral groove with 2 surrounding chaetae, four anterior post-labial chaetae; labial basomedian field with four chaetae, one of them longer, basolateral field with five chaetae, proximal one smaller. Maxillary outer lobe with basal chaeta smaller than apical, both smooth; sublobal plate partially subdivided, lacking chaeta-like appendages ( Fig. 6 ). Labial palp papillae as in Fig. 7 with five proximal chaetae, formula of guard chaetae of each papilla as: H (2), A (0), B (5), C (0), D (4), E (3) + blunt lateral process not reaching papilla E base. Labral chaetotaxy with 3 pl, 2(+1) p, 2(+1) m and 2 a chaetae, p2 larger than others, a1 longer than a2; labrum with four labial crests ( Fig. 8 ), with four pointed papillae. Maxillae typical, with six lamellae, the three internal serrated ( Fig. 9 ). Mandibles with 5–6 incisive apical teeth ( Fig. 10 ).

Legs ( Figs 11–16 ). Legs length of holotype as: leg I 0.85 mm, leg II 0.97 mm, leg III 1.01 mm. Coxa I with one chaeta; trochanter I with five chaetae; femur I with 17 chaetae, one on proximal half smaller; tibiotarsus I with 63 chaetae, distal whorl with nine chaetae, dorsal face with a row of longer chaetae ( Fig. 11 ). Coxa II with two chaetae; trochanter II with five chaetae; femur II with 18 chaetae, one on proximal half smaller; tibiotarsus II with 63 chaetae, distal whorl with nine chaetae, dorsal face with a row of longer chaetae ( Fig. 12 ). Coxa III with four chaetae; trochanter III with five regular chaetae, one large oval organ plus one trochanteral spine; femur III with 19 chaetae, two of them reduced; tibiotarsus III with 67 chaetae, distal whorl with nine chaetae, dorsal face with a row of longer chaetae ( Fig. 13 ). Tibiotarsi I–III lacking oval organs, proximal chaeta FPe longer than FPae, FPpe and FSe↑ (the last one smaller than others) ( Figs 11–13 ). Empodial complexes I–III similar, two pretarsal chaetae present ( Figs 14–16 ); ungues without tunica or cavity, with one internal tooth and five external: one pair distally, near the internal tooth, one pair proximal plus one dorsal unpaired tooth. Unguiculi I–III main lamellae about 2/3 the ungues length, with one internal and one apical teeth, filament reaching the unguis tip ( Figs 14–16 ).

Abdominal appendages ( Figs 17–19 ). Ventral tube with 1 distal chaeta, with a pair of long warty sacs. Tenaculum typical with three teeth on each ramus and two apical chaetae on corpus. Furca size in holotype as: manubrium 0.23 mm, dens 0.43 and mucro 0.17. Manubrium with seven dorsal plus one ventral smaller chaetae ( Fig. 17 ); dens dorsally with 26 chaetae, one proximal and one distal longer than others ( Fig. 18 ); dens ventrally with 13 chaetae, with the following formula from proximal to distal region 1:1:2:2:2:2:3 ( Fig. 19 ); mucro with narrowed apex, with both edges serrated, with about 18 teeth on each edge, mucronal chaeta present ( Figs 18–19 ). Ratio mucro: dens: manubrium in holotype 1:3.17:1.30.

Trunk ( Figs 20–24 ). Trunk length of holotype 1.20 mm. Large abdomen ( Figs 20 and 21 ). Thorax continuous with abdomen, without any visible segmentation or constrictions; Th II with one a and possibly one m (m?) chaetae; Th III with three a, one m and one p chaetae; Abd I with three a (the two inner spine-like), five m (the three or four inner spine-like), and two p normal chaetae. Bothriotricha A, B and C present in Abd II, forming an obtuse angle posteriorly; bothriotricha A with one (a), B with one (m) and C with three (p) accessory chaetae each, respectively. Large abdomen with 7 large dorso-posterior chaetae. Parafurcal area with 13–14 main chaetae on females ( Fig. 20 ), males with 5–6 apically blunt coarsely ciliated chaetae (plumose chaetae sensu Arlé & Oliveira, 1977) ( Fig. 24 ). Small abdomen of female in Fig. 21 , with bothriotrichum D; dorsal anal valve with as2–4, ams2– 3, ms1–3, mps1–3 and ps1–2 chaetae present, ms1 and ps1 unpaired; ventral anal valves each with aai1–3, ai1–6, mi1–5, mpi1–3 and pi1–3 chaetae; mi5 as subanal appendage curved toward the anus opening, smooth, thick and apically broad with serrated tip. Small abdomen of male in Fig. 22 , with bothriotrichum D; dorsal anal valve with as2–4, ams2–3, ms1–3, mps2 and ps1–2 chaetae present, ms1 and ps1 unpaired; ventral anal valves each with ai1–6, mi1–5, mpi2 and pi1–3 chaetae, aai chaetae apparently absent. Genital opening of male with about 19 chaetae on each side ( Fig. 23 ).

Etymology. The new species honors our dear deceased friend Dr. Ricardo Andreazze, who was a cherished professor and entomologist at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.

Distribution and habitat. Specimens were collected from Cauaçu Farm, João Câmara, Caatinga phytogeographic domain, within a semiarid landscape of about 700 ha with secondary forested and wide open areas. The specimens were found over top soil and dead foliage coverage and were collected with entomological aspirators. The climate of the region is “As” following the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, which means an equatorial main climate with dry summer ( Kottek et al. 2006). The average annual rainfall is 648.6 mm, with average annual temperature of 24.7 °C ( Ferreira et al. 2018).

Remarks. Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov. resembles other typical species of Temeritas , specially T. amazonensis and T. caatingae , by the presence of several long chaetae on body and appendages, mainly in Ant III, clypeal and interantennal areas of head, legs and dorsal large abdomen; absence of oval organs on tibiotarsi and presence of mucronal chaeta. However, the new species differs by 27–28 antennal subsegments on Ant IV, Ant III with 20 and Ant II with 16 chaetae, four pairs of long chaetae on clypeal and interantennal areas of head, 5–6 plumose chaetae on parafurcal area of males and dens dorsally with 26 chaetae; while T. amazonensis presents 32– 33 antennal subsegments on Ant IV, Ant III with 13–14 and Ant II with 11–12 chaetae, three pairs of long chaetae on clypeal and interantennal areas of head, four plumose chaetae on parafurcal area of males and dens dorsally with 24 chaetae; and T. caatingae presents 28–38 antennal subsegments on Ant IV, Ant III with 13–14 and Ant II with 11–12 chaetae, three (or possibly two) pairs of long chaetae on clypeal and interantennal areas of head, six or more plumose chaetae on parafurcal area of males and dens dorsally with 23 chaetae ( Arlé & Oliveira 1977). Other comparisons of neotropical species of Temeritas are presented in Table 1 and discussion.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov.: habitus of specimen fixed in ethanol.

FIGURES 2–10. Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov. head: 2, Ant IV, arrow points to apical curved chaeta; 3, Ant I–III; 4, anterior head chaetotaxy, circled extra chaetae without clear homologies, * = unpaired chaetae; 5, ventral head chaetotaxy; 6, maxillary outer lobe and sublobal plate; 7, labial palp papillae and proximal chaetae (circles), lateral process in black; 8, prelabral and labral chaetae; 9, left maxilla capitulum; 10, right and left apexes of mandibles (incisive teeth).

FIGURES 11–19. Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov. legs and furca: 11, leg I; 12, leg II; 13, leg III (black circle = oval organ, white circles = alveoli); 14, empodial complex I; 15, empodial complex II; 16, empodial complex III; 17, manubrium; 18, dorsal dens chaetotaxy and mucro; 19, ventral dens chaetotaxy and mucro.

FIGURES 20–24. Temeritas andreazzei sp. nov. trunk: 20, large abdomen chaetotaxy, black arrow points to polymorphic chaeta, which can be also spine-like, white arrow points to chaeta present or absent; 21, chaetotaxy of small abdomen of female; 22, chaetotaxy of small abdomen of male (* = unpaired chaetae); 23, genital plate of male; 24, photograph of male’s plumose chaeta.