Marthogryllacris Karny 1937

Li, Shi-Yu, Liu, Yi-Jiao, Xu, Jing-Yi, Yin, Zi-Xu & He, Zhu-Qing, 2024, Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 201 (4), pp. 1-31 : 1-31

Marthogryllacris Karny 1937 stat. resurr. ṈMaeā

( Figs 6A , 7A , 9A , 13D )

Marthogryllacris Karny 1937: 104 .

Marthogryllacris (Marthogryllacris) Liu et al. 2010: 58 . Marthogryllacris (Marthogryllacris) Li et al. 2014a: 277 .

Type species: Gryllacris martha Griffini 1914 = Marthogryllacris martha (Griffini 1914) .

Diagnosis: Marthogryllacris can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: centre of pronotum with a large V-shaped black spot ( Fig. 13D ); bilateral cross veins of hindwings black ( Figs 6A , 9A ); posterior margin of male ninth abdominal tergite with short and curved spines extending inwards from the middle of each lobe at base, length of spines equal to or longer than half the width of ninth abdominal tergite ( Fig. 7A ). Marthogryllacris is similar to Capnogryllacris , Borneogryllacris , Dracogryllacris , and Ultragryllacris , but can be distinguished by the enlarged V-shaped black spot on centre of pronotum. Borneogryllacris also differs from Marthogryllacris by the large, black and yellow spot on basal area of forewings. Capnogryllacris also differs from Marthogryllacris by fuscous veins and cells on forewings, and overall fuscous or only centre of cells transparent on hindwings. Dracogryllacris also differs from Marthogryllacris by the long spines on male ninth abdominal tergite. Ultragryllacris also differs from Marthogryllacris by the large dorsal projection on male ninth abdominal tergite (see Table 4 for details).

Included species: Marthogryllacris martha (Griffini, 1914) reinst. comb., Mar. bimaculata ( Li, Liu & Li, 2014) comb. nov., Mar. erythrocephala borealis ( Gorochov, 2003) comb. nov., Mar. erythrocephala erythrocephala ( Gorochov, 2003) comb. nov., Mar. erythrocephala fuscifrons ( Ingrisch, 2018) comb. nov., Mar. erythrocephala maculatis (Liu, Lu & Bian, 2022) comb. nov., Mar. helocephala ( Gorochov, 2003) comb. nov., Mar . jinpingensis (Zhang & Bian, 2023) comb. nov., Mar. phaeocephala combodiensis ( Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015) comb. nov., Mar. phaeocephala phaeocephala ( Gorochov, 2003) comb. nov., Mar. rufonotata Li, Liu & Li, 2014 reinst. comb., Mar. sequestris (Liu, Lu & Bian, 2022) comb. nov., Mar. varifrons ( Ingrisch, 2018) comb. nov., Mar . xichou flavifrons (Liu, Lu & Bian, 2022) comb. nov., Mar . xichou xichou (Peng & Bian, 2021) comb. nov..

Remarks: See remarks for Capnogryllacris and Table 4 .

Dracogryllacris Li, Yin & He gen. nov. AEḆẫ

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9C1748BBDF64-455D-A999-3374D81C8676

( Figs 6B, C , 7B , 9B , 13E, F )

Type species: Gryllacris melanocrania Karny1929 = Dracogryllacris melanocrania (Karny 1929) .

Diagnosis: Dracogryllacris can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: veins of hindwings light brown and cells transparent when alive ( Fig.6B, C ); posterior margin of male ninth abdominal tergite with long and curved spines with obtuse tips extending inwards from the middle of each lobe at base and crossing each other, length of spines equal to or longer than half the width of ninth abdominal tergite ( Fig. 7B ). Dracogryllacris is similar to Capnogryllacris , Borneogryllacris , Marthogryllacris , and Ultragryllacris , but can be distinguished by only the margins of pronotum being black, deep darkening veins and yellowish transparent cells on forewings, and deep darkening veins and transparent cells on hindwings. Borneogryllacris also differs from Dracogryllacris by the large, black and yellow spot on basal area of forewings. Capnogryllacris also differs from Dracogryllacris by fuscous veins and cells on forewings, and overall fuscous or only centre of cells transparent on hindwings. Marthogryllacris also differs from Dracogryllacris by the enlarged V-shaped black spot on the centre of pronotum. Ultragryllacris also differs from Dracogryllacris by the large dorsal projection on male ninth abdominal tergite (see Table 4 for details).

Description: Body large-sized (30–50 mm approx.) and slender; fastigium of vertex slightly wider than scape, scape as long as eye, ocelli distinct when alive; anterior margin of pronotum slightly roundly projecting, posterior margin straight or slightly concave in the middle ( Fig. 13E, F ); lateral lobes longer than deep; macropterous ( Fig. 9B ), veins of hindwings light brown and cells transparent when alive ( Fig. 6B, C ); male ninth abdominal tergite furrowed in midline, above ventro-apical margin swollen on both sides of midline, posterior margin with long and curved spines with obtuse tips extending inwards from the middle of each lobe at base and crossing each other, length of spines equal to or longer than half the width of ninth abdominal tergite ( Fig. 7B ); male subgenital plate with long styli ( Fig. 7B ); female ovipositor long, slightly curved upwards or totally straight.

Includedspecies:Dracogryllacrismelanocrania (Karny, 1929) comb. nov., D. axinis ( Bian, Liu & Yang, 2021) comb. nov., D. humberti (Griffini, 1914) comb. nov., D. latilamargis (Duan, Chen & Shi, 2023) comb. nov., D. nanlingensis ( Li, Liu & Li, 2014) comb. nov., D. nigromaculata ( Ingrisch, 2018) , D. zhoui (Pang, Zhang & Bian, 2023) comb. nov., D. nigromarginata hainanensis (Liu, Lu & Bian, 2022) comb. nov., D. nigromarginata nigromarginata (Karny, 1928) comb. nov., D. nigromarginata rectispina (Liu, Lu & Bian, 2022) comb. nov., D. proxima ( Gorochov, 2003) comb. nov., D. spinosa ( Li, Liu & Li, 2014) comb. nov..

Etymology: The name of the new genus is built by adding the prefix “Draco” to the genus name Gryllacris . The prefix draco is Latin, meaning dragon, used because of the large size of species in the genus. Chinese name AEḆẫ.

Remarks: See remarks for Capnogryllacris and Table 4 .

Key to species of Dracogryllacris Li, Yin & He gen. nov. from China

1. Occiput and genae black ...............................................................................................................................................................................2

- Occiput and genae pale .................................................................................................................................................................................4

2. Apex of all femora black ................................................................................................................................................................................3

- Apex of all femora pale ....................................................................................................................................................... D. melanocrania

3. Projections on male ninth abdominal tergite with serrate apical margin............................................................................... D. zhoui

- Projections on male ninth abdominal tergite with smooth apical margin.................................................................. D. nanlingensis

4. Male ninth abdominal tergite with lobes spine-like ................................................................................................................................5

- Male ninth abdominal tergite with lobes sickle-like.................................................................................................................. D. axinis

5. Posterior margins of abdominal tergite pale, or with shallow stripes...................................................................................................6

- Posterior margins of abdominal tergite with broad black stripes........................................................................................ D. proxima

6. Lateral margins of pronotum with broad black stripes ................................................................................................... D. latilamargis

- Lateral margins of pronotum pale, or with narrow stripes .....................................................................................................................7

7. Anterior margins of pronotum pale ............................................................................................................................................ D. spinosa

- Anterior margins of pronotum with black stripes....................................................................................................................................8

8. Hind margin of male subgenital plate with incision................................................................................................................................9

- Hind margin of male subgenital plate without incision....................................................................... D. nigromarginata hainanensis

9. Projections on male ninth abdominal tergite with smooth apical margin....................................................................................... 10

- Projections on male ninth abdominal tergite with serrate apical margin............................................ D. nigromarginata rectispina

10. Anterior margins of pronotum with only black stripes................................................................. D. nigromarginata nigromarginata

- Anterior margins of pronotum with black stripes and a pair of black spots .................................................................... D. humberti

Figures

Figure 6. Wings. A, Mar. sequestris; B, Dr. spinose; C, Dr. melanocrania; D, U. pulchra rubricapitis; E, Capnogryllacris sp.; F, Bo. xujuni.

Figure 7. Male abdominal terminal.A, Marthogryllacris sp.; B, Dracogryllacris spinose; C, U. pulchra rubricapitis; D, C. fumigata; E, Bo. xujuni; F, Mag. guomashan; G, O. fuscotessellata; H, E. ruficeps; I, R. fanjingshanensis; J, Prosopogryllacris sp.; K, G. stylommatoprocera (from:Wang and Liu 2022); L, L. lieyongzhou.(Arrow in A indicates spines extending inwards from the base in the middle of each valve at the posterior margin of male abdominal tergite.).

Figure 9. Living Gryllacrididae.A, Mar. sequestris; B, Dr. spinose; C, Capnogryllacris sp.; D, Mag. hainanensis; E, Ocellarnaca sp.; F, E. ruficeps; G, R. xiei; H, Prosopogryllacris sp..

Figure 13. Head in frontal view (A–C), pronotum (D–F). A, Pr. silacea; B, Ne. longipenna; C, Ha. bilobulata; D, Mar. sequestris; E, Dr. spinose; F, Dr. melanocrania.(The horizontal line at B, C indicates the width of fastigium verticis.).