Entomobrya pseudomaculata, Viana & Morais & Cipola, 2024

Viana, Stéphanie Dos Santos, Morais, José Wellington De & Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, 2024, Taxonomic revision of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Entomobryinae) from the Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 5452 (1), pp. 1-110 : 90-96

Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. Viana & Cipola

Figs 67–70 , 72 , Table 3

Type Material. Holotype female on slide ( INPA-CLL 0000351 ): Brazil, Amazonas state, Barcelos municipality, near to “Negro” river and “Urubu” lake, 00°15’11.86”S, 64°02’31.25”W ( Fig. 72 ), 33 m, 08–09.xii.2012, pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimento coll. Four paratypes on slides: 1 female and 1 male ( INPA-CLL 0000352–53 ), 1 juvenile ( MNRJ), same date as holotype, 1 male ( CC / UFRN), idem, except near to “ Caures ” river and “ Santo Alberto de Trapani ” sanctuary, 01°19’38.55”S, 62°06’52.28”W, 13 m, 13.xii.2012.

Other examined material. Two males and 1 female on slides ( INPA): Amazonas state, Itacoatiara municipality, Federal University of Amazonas, campus II, 03°05’37.68”S, 58°27’31.78”W ( Fig. 72 ), 30 m, 29.xii.2017, malaise-trap, AC Barata coll. One male and 1 female on slides ( INPA): Novo Airão municipality, “ Mato Grosso ” creek, 02°49’00”S, 60°55’08”W, 35 m, 29–31.iii.2013, yellow plate-trap, JT Câmara, JA Rafael & AC Maldaner coll. One male on slide ( INPA): Paricatuba municipality, near to “Uneiuxi” river, 00°36’55.49”S, 65°8’27.48”W, 34 m, 07.xii.2012, pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimento coll. One female on slide ( INPA): Presidente Figueredo municipality, “Maroca” waterfall, “AM-270” road, km 18, 02°00’08”S, 59°52’04”W, 152 m, 30.viii.2014, plate-trap, NG Cipola & FGL Oliveira coll. Two juveniles on slides and 11 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Santa Isabel do Rio Negro municipality, “ Negro ” river, 0°28’58.05”S, 64°46’23.91”W, 35 m, 04–05.xii.2012, pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimento coll. One male and 1 female on slide ( INPA): Roraima state, Bonfim municipality, “Arraia” river, 3°21’4.12”N, 59°54’13.84”W, 79 m, 21.ii.2013, yellow plate-trap, JMC Nascimento coll.

Diagnosis. Body with bluish spots, usually with a V-shaped spot on head, irregular dorsal spots (joined or not) on Th II to Abd III and two transverse dark bands on Abd IV ( Figs 67A–J ), Ant IV without the apical bulb; pl1–2 smooth and bifurcated ( Fig. 68B ); head macrochaetotaxy with 8–9 ‘ An ’, 3 ‘ A ’, 1–3 ‘ M ’, 9–10 ‘ S ’, 1 ‘ Ps ’, 4 ‘ Pa ’, 2 ‘ Pi ’, 1–2 ‘ Pm ’, 1 ‘ Pmp ’, 4 ‘ Pp ’, 1 ‘ Ppe ’ and 4 ‘ Pe ’ mac, respectively ( Fig. 68C ); labral inner papillae with 1–3 projections and outer with 2 projections ( Fig. 68B ); labial papilla E l.p. finger-shaped and not reaching the base of a.a.; Th II internally with 11 anterior, 5–7 median and 16–20 posterior mac; Th III–Abd I with 21–25 and 9–11 mac, respectively; Abd II–III with 3–5 and 0 inner mac, respectively; Abd IV with 19–24 inner and 16–20 outer mac ( Figs 69A–C ); unguiculus III ai lamella excavate and pe serrated ( Fig. 70D ); collophore anteriorly generally with 3 distal mac ( Fig. 70E ); dens distally with 2 rows of large modified chaetae; mucro proximal tooth larger than the distal one, basal spine reaching the proximal tooth.

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of specimens 2.17–2.38 mm (n=4), holotype 2.38 mm. Specimens with irregular bluish spots on body, head dorsally with a V-shaped anterior spot, Ant IV strongly pigmented or with reduced pigments distally, trunk with two transverse dark bands on Abd IV (in the median and posterior parts); colophore, legs and manubrium pigmented or not; eyepatches black ( Figs 67A–J ).

Head. Antenna shorter or subequal to the trunk length ( Figs 67F–J ), ratio antennae: trunk = 0.80–1.02: 1 (n=3), holotype 0.80: 1; antennal ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.29–1.74: 1.04–1.10: 1.70–2.04 (n=4), holotype 1: 1.36: 1.07: 1.85. Ant IV weakly annulated on its distal 3/4 and devoid of apical bulb, with at least 4 apical finger-shaped sens and numerous sens of different sizes. Ant III sense organ with 2 finger-shaped sens, 3 guard sens, 3 elongated sens and at least 6 finger-shaped sens. Ant II dorsally with about 6 elongated sens and 4 mac; ventrally with 3 apically acuminate mac ( Fig. 68A ). Ant I dorsally with 3 elongated sens, 5 mac and 3 smooth mic at the base ( Fig. 68A ). Eyes A and B larger, G and H slightly smaller than the others, with 6 interocular chaetae (q, v, s, p, r, t); head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 68C ) with 8–9 ‘ An ’, 3 ‘ A ’, 1–3 ‘ M ’, 9–10 ‘ S ’, 1 ‘ Ps ’, 4 ‘ Pa ’, 2 ‘ Pi ’, 1–2 ‘ Pm ’, 1 ‘ Pmp ’, 4 ‘ Pp ’, 1 ‘ Ppe ’ and 4 ‘ Pe ’ mac, respectively. Clypeal formula with 4 (l1–2), 12–16 (f), 5 (pf0–2) ciliate chaetae, l2 longer, l1–2 apically acuminate, others subequal ( Fig. 68B ). Labral inner papillae with 1–3 equal or unequal projections, outer papillae with 2 subequal projections and smaller than the inner papillae ( Fig. 68D ). Prelabral chaetae smooth, pl1 equally or subequally bifurcated, pl2 unequally bifurcated ( Fig. 68B ). Labial papilla E l.p. finger-shaped and not reaching the base of a.a.; e6 appendix absent. Maxillary palp b.c. subequal to t.a.; Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with M1–2, R, E, L1–2 ciliate, M2 and R smaller than the others, both present or absent. Cephalic groove with 10 ciliate chaetae of different sizes; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 4 (X2, X3, X, X 4), 4 (H1–4) chaetae plus 2 chaetae between the series ( Fig. 68E ).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Fig. 69A ). Th II a, m and p series (excluding the anterior collar) with 11, 5–7 and 16–20 mac, respectively. Th III a, m and p series with 5–7, 5 and 11–13 mac, respectively. Ratio Th II: III = 1.90–1.62: 1 (n=4), holotype 1.70: 1.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 69B–C ). Abd I a, m and p series with 0–2, 8 and 1 mac, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 0–2, 5 and 2 mac, respectively, plus el mac laterally. Abd III a, m and p series with 0–1, 2–3 and 1–2 mac, respectively, plus 2 extra mac laterally. Abd IV with 19–24 inner mac of A–C series and 16–20 outer mac of T–Fe series; about 13 sens (ps type I and others type II) and 27 posterior mes. Abd V a, m, pa, p and pp series with 2, 3, 2, 5 and 0–1 mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 9.34–10.82 (n=4), holotype 1: 10.82.

Legs ( Figs 7A–D ). Subcoxa I with 3 chaetae and 2 psp; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 9 chaetae and about 25 anterior chaetae; posterior row of 5 chaetae, 1 anterior chaeta, and 4 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 9 chaetae, about 21 anterior chaetae and 2 psp ( Figs 70A–B ). Trochanteral organ with 30 spine-like chaetae, 5 anterior, 4 posterior, 15 internal, 1 apical and 5 on the distal arm ( Fig. 70C ). Tibiotarsus I–III with 8 inner finely ciliate mac; 1 outer apically acuminate mac at the base. Unguis b.t. on proximal 1/3, m.t. on distal 1/3 and equal to b.t., a.t. minute and on distal 1/8. Unguiculus I–III lamellae (ae, ai, pe, pi) smooth and acuminate, except on unguiculus III ai excavate and pe serrated; ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.56. Tibiotarsus III smooth chaeta 1.15 longer than the unguiculus; tenent hair 0.93 smaller than the unguis ( Fig. 70D ).

Collophore ( Fig. 70E ). Anterior side with about 32 ciliate chaetae, 3 distal mac and about 28 chaetae of different sizes widely distributed on the corpus; posterior side with about 72–73 ciliate chaetae of different sizes widely distributed on the corpus (about 6 unpaired) and distally with 1 smooth chaeta; lateral flap with 22 chaetae, 8 smooth and 14 ciliate.

Furcula ( Figs 70F–G ). Manubrium ventrally with 2 subapical and about 32 distal ciliate chaetae of different sizes ( Fig. 70F ). Manubrial plate dorsally with 7–8 chaetae of different sizes and 3–4 psp ( Fig. 70G ). Dens dental lobe with 2 (bs1 and bs2) thicker ciliate chaetae, bs1 subequal to bs2. Dens tightly crenulate on its distal 1/8; distally with 2 rows (1 inner and 1 outer) of large modified chaetae, 1 inner chaeta distally larger than others. Mucro proximal tooth larger than the distal one, mucronal spine almost reaching the proximal tooth apex.

Distribution. Known from Amazonas and Roraima States, Brazil ( Fig. 72 ).

Etymology. Refers to the body spots present or absent ( Figs 67A–J ) in the new species (from Greek: pseudo – false, and Latin: macula – spot).

Remarks. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. is similar to E. idenilzae sp. nov. by the absence of the apical bulb on Ant IV, labial papilla E l.p. finger-shaped, prelabral chaetae smooth and bifurcate ( Figs 68B , 62C ), dorsal head with a V-shaped spot on its anterior region ( Figs 60A–D , 61A–F , 67A–E ), unguiculus ai lamella clearly excavate and distal dens with modified mac ( Figs 65D , 70D ). However, Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. differs from these species by papilla E l.p. reaching the base of a.a. (surpassing in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) ( Fig. 63B ), unguis b.t. equal to m.t. (b.t. larger than m.t. in E. idenilzae sp. nov.), unguiculus pe lamella serrated (smooth in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) ( Figs 65D , 70D ), manubrial plate with 7–8 chaetae (up 10 in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) ( Figs 66C , 70G ), and mucronal spine almost reaching the proximal tooth apex (surpassing in E. idenilzae sp. nov.). The dorsal chaetotaxy of E. pseudomaculata sp. nov. differs from the E. idenilzae sp. nov. in head with S4i and Pe6 mac (absent in E. idenilzae sp. nov.); Th II with a2p mac (absent in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) and p3p (present in E. idenilzae sp. nov.); Abd I with m2i mac (absent in E. idenilzae sp. nov.); Abd IV with 27 posterior mes (22 in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) and Abd V with a5a, a6–6a mac (all present in E. idenilzae sp. nov.) ( Figs 62D , 64A–C , 68C , 69 A–C ). Despite these differences, both species are very similar to each other in color pattern ( Figs 60 A–F , 61A–L , 67A–J ), a feature which can lead to misidentification; therefore we suggest using the identification key and Tables 1–3 for species identification.

New record for Brazil

Figures

FIGURE 7. Entomobrya sp. mouth: A, head anteriorly and external mouthparts, reddish marking shows the maxillary outer lobe and sublobal plate, bs1–3 sublobal appendages, the orange arrow points to the minute distal appendix, t.a. and b.c. are of the maxillary palp, dashed yellow lines mark the labial proximal chaetae, basomedian and basolateral labial fields with a1–5 smooth and M1–2, E, L1–2 ciliated chaetae; B, labial palp and proximal chaetae (right side), A–E are the labial papillae and H the hypostomal one; C, labial papillae E (right side), l.p. lateral process, a.a. apical appendage and e1–3 and e6 guard appendages. Scale bars: A (0.02 mm), B–C (0.005 mm).

FIGURE 60. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Rio Preto da Eva municipality, Amazonas state: (A–D, dorsal view; E–H, lateral view); A–B and E–F, common color pattern; C–D and G–H, atypical color pattern. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 61. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from other municipalities of Amazonas state (A–F, dorsal view; G–L, lateral view); A–D and G–J, specimens from Manaus municipality; E and K, specimens from Manicoré municipality; F and L, specimens from Maués municipality. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 62. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. antennae and dorsal head: A, apex of left Ant III (ventral view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically footshaped mac; C, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy; D, head chaetotaxy (left side).

FIGURE 63. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. ventral head: A, labral papillae, arrows show shape variations of the inner papillae; B, labial papillae E (left side); C, cephalic groove and anterior part of postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 64. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 65. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. legs: A–B, chaetotaxy of subcoxa II–III respectively (outer side); C trochanteral organ (posterior view); D distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 66. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. abdominal appendages:A, collophore (lateral view); B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate (dorsal view), arrow shows the representation of the chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 67. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Amazonas state (A–E, dorsal view; F–J, lateral view): A–B and F–G, specimens from Barcelos municipality; C–D and H–I, specimens from Itacoatiara; E and J, specimens from Paricatuba municipality. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 68. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. head: A, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically foot-shaped mac; B, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy; C, head chaetotaxy (left side); D, labral papillae, arrows show shape variations of the inner papillae; E, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 69. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 70. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. legs and abdominal appendages: A–B; chaetotaxy of subcoxa II–III respectively (outer side); C, trochanteral organ (posterior view); D distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (anterior view); E, collophore (lateral view); F, distal manubrium (ventral view); G, manubrial plate (dorsal view), arrow shows the chaetal representation, including chaetae present or absent.

FIGURE 72. Map depicting the records of the six new Entomobrya species from Brazilian Amazon, including new records of E. linda and the type locality of E. aipatse reported in the original description (Arlé, 1959); different colors of the stars represent the type localities of each species, circles represent additional localities.