Strombus millepeda, Linnaeus, 1758

Geiger, Daniel L., 2022, Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein’s (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum, pars secunda. Facsimile edition and annotated translation, Zootaxa 5127 (1), pp. 1-126 : 86-107

Strombus millepeda . Multi-foot. Gmelin sp. 6.

Lambis millepeda ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

687 Two multi-footed crabs (thousand leg). Man and wife. Martini vol. 3, pl. 88, figs. 861, 862.

688 The male once more.

Strombus lentiginosus . Freckles. Gmelin sp. 7.

Lentigo lentiginosus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

689 Two frogs (Kikvorsch.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 80, figs. 825, 826. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 13, fig. 2.

690 Two very beautiful black mouthed ones of the above.

Strombus fasciatus . Knotty wing snail. Gmelin sp. 9.

Thetystrombus latus (Gmelin, 1791) : Strombidae . SE Atlantic.

691 Two specked knotty wing snails (fighting cocks.) Martini vol. 3, po 82, figs. 833, 834.

692 Two of the same.

693! A very fine clean spotted thin-shelled highly knobbed one of the above, with strong ribs (rare.)

694! An even more beautiful very thin-shelled one of the above, orange colored, so far still unknown. (very rare.) Strombus gallus . The indicator . Gmelin sp. 11.

Aliger gallus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Caribbean.

695 Two speckled indicators, the largest 6 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 84, figs. 841, 842. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 12, fig. 1. 696 A smooth and thick-shelled triangular horned fencer. Martini vol. 3, pl. 85, fig. 847.

697 A thin-shelled one of the above with recurved flews.

Strombus aurisdianae . Fencer. Gmelin sp. 12.

Eyprotomus aurisdianae ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-West Pacific.

698 Two fencers with red apertures. (The morning red.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 84, figs. 838, 839. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2.

699 Two of the above.

700 Two rare ones of the above, the one thin-shelled, the other chestnut brown.

Strombus pugilis . Meat snail. Gmelin sp. 13.

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758 : Strombidae . Caribbean.

701 Two saffron colored meat snail. Martini vol. 3, pl. 81, figs. 830, 831. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 9, figs. 1.

702 Two orange colored ones of the above, different size.

Strombus luhuanus . Luhunian snail. Gmelin sp. 16.

Conomurex luhuanus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

703 A Luhunian speckled snail. Martini vol. 3, pl. 88, fig. 865.

704 Two large white ones of the above, with violet aperture. 3 inches. Martini vol. 3, p. 77, figs. 792, 793.

705 Two smaller ones of the above. At the same place [Martini vol. 3, pl. 77,] figs. 797, 798.

706 Two clean thick-shelled all white ones of the above, with sharp back and violet elevated tip of the whorl. (rare.)

707 Two banded ones of the above. At the same place [Martini vol. 3, pl. 77,] fig. 794.

708 Two of the same.

709 A finely speckled one of the above, at the same place [Martini vol. 3, pl. 77,] fig. 793.

710 Four different ones of the above.

Strombus gibberulus . Canaries [= bird] snail. Gmelin sp. 17.

Gibberulus gibberulus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

711 Four banded canaries snails, with white apertures. Martini vol. 3, pl. 79, fig. 815.

712 Four thin-shelled ones of the above.

713 Four hemmed yellow mouths.

714 Three hemmed black mouths.

715 Two different ones, other kind.

716 Four of the above, with orange flews.

Strombus lucifer . Camel snail. Gmelin sp. 19.

Aliger gigas ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Caribbean.

717 Four camel snails. (Pyramids) Martini vol. 3, pl. 90, fig. 881.

718 Four of the above, more speckled.

719 Four of the above.

Strombus gigas . Jagged Swiss courts. Gmelin sp. 20.

Aliger gigas ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Caribbean.

720 A yellow jagged thick shelled wing snail of median size. 6 inches.

721 Two of the same more speckled smaller one of the above.

722 Two rose colored banded ones of the above. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 17, fig. 1.

723 Two amethyst colored ones of the above.

723 a) A large wing snail. 6 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 80, fig 824.

723 b) Two small clean ones, brown and white speckled ones of the above.

723 c) Two yellow ones of the above, with rose red bands, particularly beautiful. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 17, fig. 1.

723 d) Two thin shelled ones of the above.

Strombus latissimus . Large lap. Gmelin sp. 21.

Sinustrombus latissimus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago to Western Pacific.

724! A very beautiful thick shelled wing snail. (wide-winged.) with recurved thick hem and freestanding spire. 7 1/ 2 inches. Rumphius pl. 36, fig. L. Martini vol. 3, pl. 82, fig. 832. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 158, figs. 1506, 1507.

725! One of the same thin shelled and banded, without recurved hem 6 inches.

726! One equally beautiful thick-shelled wide-wing, where the wing surrounds the spire, with recurved thick hem. 7 1/ 4 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 83, fig. 835.

727! One of the same thin shelled one of the above, with thin recurved hem. 6 1/ 4 inches.

Strombus epidromis . Mizzen sail. Gmelin sp. 22.

Labiostrombus epidromis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago.

728 Two clean white mizzen sails. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 33, fig. 2.

Strombus miniumus . Smallest dove. Gmelin sp. 23.

Ministrombus minimus ( Linnaeus, 1771) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

729 Two winged doves. Rumphius pl. 36, fig. P.

730 Two different ones of the above.

Strombus canarium . Little dove. Gmelin sp. 24.

Laevistrombus canarium ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

731 Two yellow thick shelled doves. Rumphius pl. 36, fig. N. Martini vol. 3, pl. 79, fig. 818. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 18, fig. 5.

732 Two violet ones of the above.

733 Two yellow thin shelled yellow hemmed ones of the above. (mizzen sail). Martini vol. 3, pl. 79, fig. 817.

734 Two small banded ones of the above, with a brown spot at the aperture.

Strombus vittatus . Rolled up mizzen sail. Gmelin sp. 25.

Doxander vittatus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

735 A rolled up mizzen sail. 3 inches. Rumphius pl. 36, fig. O. Martini vol. 3, pl. 79, fig. 821.

736 Two of the same.

737 Two of the above smaller.

Strombus urceus . Hump canary [= bird]. Gmelin sp. 29.

Canariuum urceus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Western Pacific.

738 Two canaries with black hem and aperture. Martini vol. 3, pl. 78, fig. 803. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 13, fig. 5.

739 Two of the same.

Strombus dentatus . Tooth canary [= bird]. Gmelin sp. 31.

Tridentarius dentatus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific.

740 Two different folded ones of the above, serrated at the hem. (Samar.)

Strombus bryonia . Gout radix root. Gmelin sp. 33.

Lambis truncata ([Lightfood], 1786): Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

741! A yellow mostly fully grown gout radix, the inner wall is white, the strongly anteceding wing not only covers, but extends beyond the highest floor of the flat spire: it is quite thin-shelled, and has still 7 open castings, differs therefore of that by Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 189, fig. 1512 shown figure quite a bit: it is 10 1/ 4 inches high and 7 inches wide.

742! A fully grown yellow one of the above, with 7 long protruding thick shelled closed prongs, of which the top one curves over the spire; the inner wall is soft flesh colored, its height is 12 1/ 2 inches, and its width 8 1/ 2 inches. Note: The more precise description (because the illustration of it is missing) in Chemnitz vol. 10, p. 227 to 230. Strombus palustris . Ceramic blunt needle. Gmelin sp. 38.

Terebralia palustris ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Cerithiidae . Indo-Pacific.

743 A bastard sea barrel. Martini vol. 4, pl. 156, fig. 1472. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 18, fig. 1.

744 One of the same cut through, in order to see the inner whorls.

Strombus marginatus . The rag snail. Gmelin sp. 48.

Margistrombus marginatus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-West Pacific.

745 Two brown sea pens. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 22, fig. 5.

746 Two yellow ones of the above.

Genus 325. Murex . Spine snail.

Murex haustellum . Snipe bill. Gmelin sp. 1.

Haustellum haustellum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Indo-Pacific.

747 Two beautiful large snipe heads. Martini vol. 3, pl. 115, fig. 1066. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3.

748 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

749 Two of the above.

Murex tribulus . The spider. Gmelin sp. 2.

Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758 : Muricidae . Indo-Pacific.

750 Two spider heads. Martini vol. 3, pl. 113, figs. 1054, 1055. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 11, figs. 3, 4.

751 A rare banded Arabian one of the above.

752 A very beautiful large double spider head, with all large and small axis spines. Rumphius pl. 26, fig. 3. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 26, fig. 1.

753 One of the same, equally beautiful.

754 One of the above, of the above.

Murex cornatus . Pronged snipe head. Gmelin sp. 3.

Bolinus cornutus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . SE Atlantic. Lichtenstein’s cornatus [sic] is a typographic error for cornutus as shown by the Gmelin (1791) reference.

755 A large crooked thorned and pronged snipe head. 6 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 114, fig. 1057.

Murex brandaris . Thorny snipe head. [Gmelin] sp. 4.

Bolinus brandaris ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Mediterranean, SE Atlantic.

756 Two thorny snipe heads, one of them noticeable strongly thorned. Martini vol. 3, pl. 114, fig. 1059. Knorr, vol. 2, pl. 22, figs. 4, 5.

757 Two of the above.

758 Two knobbed rare liver colored exquisitely beautiful ones of the above. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 9, fig. 4.

759 Two somewhat banded purple snails. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 161, figs. 1530, 1531.

760 Two large ones of the above.

761! A purple winged murex, shell of a triangle, transversely ribbed threefold leafy, [it is] built up with winged membraneceous leaves, the straight tail [is] closed, with a white throat. A rare southlandian purple snail [= muricid], the body is pale yellow, towards the greenish, strongly 3-fold leafed and furrowed, the aperture is serrated, and provided with a long protruding tooth. 3 1/ 2 inches. Thomas Martyn Universal Conchologist, vol. 2, fig. 66D. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 161, figs. 1538, 1539.

762! An equally beautiful one of the above. 2 1/ 4 inches.

763!! An extremely rare white pale yellow one of the above from Coromandel, exquisitely foliated and serrated all around the aperture. (So far not yet described.) 2 1/ 4 inches.

The word “Coromandelian” may either refer to the Coromandel Peninsula, Gulf of Hauraki, New Zealand, or the Coromandelian Coast of eastern India.

764!! An entirely excellent exquisite piece, entirely milk white, the apertural leaf is the broadest, the back leaf less so, and the third leaf even less like cuffs placed into clean folds, it is unequally more than the other three previous ones high braided, the length is 2 7/ 8 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 111, figs. 1036, 1037.

765!! An extremely rare elongated purple snail [= muricid], the body is white, the first whorl is only little leafed, the remaining 7 whorls, which extend almost untapering, are only separated by bulges, the aperture is serrated and ornamented with a pink color. Compare with Martini vol. 3, pl. 111, figs. 1034, 1035.

Murex trunculus . High tail. Gmelin sp. 5.

Hexaplex trunculus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Mediterranean.

766 Two high tails. (Shagreen/mourning horns.) brown and white banded. Martini vol. 3, pl. 109, figs. 1018, 1019. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 13, fig. 4.

767 A yellow and white one of the above. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 19, fig. 6.

768 Two of the above.

Murex pomum . The apple. Gmelin sp. 6.

Phyllonotus pomum (Gmelin, 1791) : Muricidae . Caribbean.

769! A particularly beautiful red and white apple. (the blood peach) with rose red aperture 6 inches. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 161, figs. 1528, 1529, but unequally more beautiful.

770 Four small apples. Martini vol. 3, pl. 109, fig. 1017.

771 Four of the above.

772 Two smoothly knobby ones of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 110, fig. 1029.

773 A large apple shaped crooked bill [= bird beak]. 5 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 109, fig. 1023. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 9, fig. 1.

774 A small one of the above, but particularly beautiful in color.

775 A blunt knobby one of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 110, fig. 1024.

776 A chestnut brown rare apple without bulges with fine white descending leaves. (very noticeable.)

Murex decussatus . The high rip. [Gmelin] sp. 7.

Jaton decussatus (Gmelin, 1791) : Muricidae . W Africa.

777 A yellow folded purple snail. ( Jaton of Adonson) with leafy flews margin. Martini vol. 3, pl. 110, fig. 1026. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 23, fig. 3.

Murex melanamathos . Black ray spanish rider. Gmelin sp. 9.

Homalocantha melanamathos (Gmelin, 1791) : Muricidae . SE Atlantic.

778 Two very beautiful spanish riders, the body is white, with 8 vertical dark spines. Martini vol. 3, pl. 108, fig. 1015.

Murex ramosus . Frill snail. Gmelin sp. 13.

Chicoreus ramosus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Indo-Pacific.

779 Two brown burnt frill snails. Martini vol. 3, pl. 103, fig. 983. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2.

780 A more elongate one of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 103, fig. 982.

781 A large white frill snail, with strongly curved frills. 7 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 102, fig. 980.

782 An equally as large specimen.

783 One of the above, of the above.

784 Two of the above less frilled. Martini vol. 3, pl. 103, fig. 981.

785 One of the same with the lid [= operculum].

786 Two brown frill leaved banded frill horns. Martini vol. 3, pl. 107, figs. 1007, 1008. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 11, fig. 1. 787 Two of the same.

788 A lesser frilled but more elongated one of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 106, fig. 995.

789 Two of the same.

790 One of the same, with rose red tip.

Murex scorpio . Scorpion snail. Gmelin sp. 14.

Homalacantha scorpio ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . SW Pacific.

791! A beautiful dark brown scorpio. Rumphius pl. 26, fig. D. D’Argenville pl. 16, fig. D. Martini vol. 3, pl. 106, figs. 998–1003. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 11, figs. 4, 5.

792! A pale red one of the above, with vertical white bands.

793! A pale yellow one of the above.

794! An entirely white one of the above.

Murex saxatilis . Brand horn. Gmelin sp. 15.

Hexaplex duplex ( Röding, 1798) : Muricidae . W Africa.

795 Two dark brown brand horns, with closely together frilled sutures. Martini vol. 3, pl. 105, figs. 990, 991. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5.

796 A bellied one of the above on white ground, with frilled sutures.

797 Two of the above.

798 A rare entirely brown purple snail spined with 4 rows. Martini vol. 3, pl. 105, fig. 994.

799 One of the same with blunt sutures. Martini vol. 3, pl. 105, fig. 993.

800 Three different ones of the above.

801 Two of the same brand horns, but only knobbed. D’Argenville pl. 16, fig. I.

802 One of the same banded.

803 A pale brown deer antlers of the above, Martini vol. 3, pl. 105, fig. 989.

804 Two smaller ones of the above.

805 A rose red one of the above. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 9, fig. 3.

806 A brown leafed purple snail.

807 Two white banded and knotted ones of the above.

808 Two white thin shelled ones of the above, with clean pale brown frills. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 9, fig. 2.

Murex diaphanus . Six rowed frill horns. Gmelin sp. 196.

Hexaplex chicoreum (Gmelin, 1791) : Muricidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

809 Two particularly beautiful six rowed frill horns, the body is pale yellow, the frills are dare brown (the double spanish rider). D’Argenville pl. 16, fig. F.

810 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

811 Two less frilled ones of the above.

812 Two of the above.

813 Two different ones of the above.

Murex rana . Toad snail. Gmelin sp. 23.

Bursa rana ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ranellidae . Indo-Pacific.

814 Two printed and humped toads. Martini vol. 4, pl. 133, figs. 1268, 1269.

815 One of the above.

816 Two of the above, with 3 rows of knobs. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 13, figs. 6, 7.

817 Two of the above, of the above.

818 Two of the above, with 2 rows of knobs.

819 Two of the above.

820 Two spined toads. Martini vol. 4, pl. 133, figs. 1275, 1276. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 7, fig. 5.

821 One of the same, even more beautiful.

Murex gyrinus . Frog snail. Gmelin sp. 24.

Gyrineum gyrinum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

822 A brown and white banded frog.

823 A more geperiter [?] one of the above. D’Argenville pl. 9, fig. P.

824 Two yellow ones of the above. Martini vol. 4, pl. 127, figs. 1224, 1225. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 24, fig. 6.

825 Two different ones of the above.

826 Three banded ones of the above.

827 One smooth banded one of the above.

Murex lampas . Knotty oil cakes. Gmelin sp. 25.

Charonia lampas ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Mediterranean.

828 Two large oil cakes. (Hector). 7 1/ 2 inches. Rumphius pl. 28, fig. C. Martini vol. 4, pl. 129, fig. 1238.

829 Two fire toads. (Ajax.) One of the mouths red, the other white. Martini vol. 4, pl. 129, fig. 1239. Rumphius pl. 28, fig. D. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 28, fig. 1.

830 Two smaller ones of the above.

Murex olearium . Ribbed oil cakes. Gmelin sp. 27.

Ranella olearium ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ranellidae . Mediterranean, SE Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific.

831 Two oil cakes. Martini vol. 4, pl. 140, figs. 1242, 1243. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 9, fig. 5.

832 Two of the same smaller and hairy.

833 Two elongated ones of the above, all over knobbed.

Murex femorale . Foot horn. Gmelin sp. 28.

Cymatium femorale ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Caribbean. 834 Two large foot horns. Martini vol. 3, pl. 111, fig. 1039. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 16, fig. 1.

Murex cutaceus . Skin snail. Gmelin sp. 29.

Cabestana cutacea ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Ranellidae . E Atlantic, Mediterranean.

835 Two skin snails. Schreiber’s attempt of a complete shell knowledge. 29. (Bastard ante-stairs.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 118, figs. 1087, 1088. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 24, fig. 5.

836! A rare one of the above with closed door. (For natural scientists highly notable.)

Murex latorium . Roasted pear. Gmelin sp. 30.

Lotoria lotoria ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Lichtenstein’s latorium [sic] is a typographic error for lotorium of Gmelin (1791)

837 A large roasted pear. Rumphius pl. 6, fig. B. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 26, fig. 2.

838 a) Two of the above. D’Argenville pl. 10, fig. M. Martini vol. 4, pl. 130, figs. 1248, 1249.

Murex pileare . Dried pear. Gmelin sp. 31.

Cymatium pileare ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Indo-West to Eastern Pacific.

838 Two dried pears. D’Argenville pl. 10, fig. O. Martini vol. 3, pl. 112, fig. 1045. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 21, fig. 1.

839 Two strongly knobbed ones of the above, with rounded flattened whorls. Martini vol. 3, pl. 112, fig. 1044. Murex bufonius . The true toad. Gmelin sp. 31.

Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791) : Bursidae . Indo-Pacific.

841 A thick shelled toad with open castings. (The heraldic shield.) D’Argenville pl. 9, fig. R. Martini vol. 4, pl. 129, figs. 1240, 1241.

842 A rare thin-shelled one of the above.

Murex pyrum . The lion head. Gmelin sp. 33.

Cymatium pyrum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Indo-Pacific.

844 Two livery snails, yellow with brown bands. Martini vol. 4, pl. 132, fig. 1263.

845 One of the above, yellow with white band.

846 Two red ones of the above, with yellow band. Martini vol. 4, pl. 132, fig. 1265. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3. 847 One of the above

848!! A very beautiful extraordinary ( Murex candidus ) sugar-sprinkled and spotted kink horn, the entire body is sowed over and over with tightly adjacent fine pearls, 5 inches. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 162, figs. 1544, 1545. Fusinus longissimus (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific

Murex anus . The grimace. Gmelin sp. 38.

Distorsio anus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Indo-Pacific.

849 Two beautiful yellow grimaces (ear horns). Martini vol. 2, pl. 41, figs. 403, 404. Knorr, vol. 3, pl. 3, fig. 5. 850 Two rare white ones. Martini at the same place [= vol. 2, pl. 41], figs. 405, 406.

Murex miliaris . Sorrow snail. Gmelin sp. 39.

Vitularia miliaris (Gmelin, 1791) : Muricidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

851 Two true sorrow snails. Martini vol. 3, p. 303, vignette 36, figs. 4, 5. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 29, fig. 5.

Murex nodus. The raspberry. Gmelin sp. 42.

Volema myristica Röding, 1798 : Melongenidae . Malayan Archipelago. Dillwyn (1817) cited Murex hippocastanum var B of Gmelin (1791) in synonymy of Murex nodus Linnaeus, 1758.

852 Two serrated yellow raspberries. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 24, fig. 7.

853 One of the above with black tips. Rumphius pl. 24, fig. E. Martini vol. 3, pl. 102, figs. 976, 977.

Murex neritoideus . The mulberry. Gmelin sp. 43.

Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836) : Coralliophilidae . Indo-West to Eastern Pacific.

854 Two mulberries. Martini vol. 3, pl. 101, figs. 972, 973.

855 Two serrated and banded ones of the above. D’Argenville pl. 17, fig. H.

856! Murex canistrum ; by us [= new species]. Murex shell very tail like, yellow, aperture violet, spined with five spines. It reminds a basket-like closely fenestrated kind, reticulated with longitudinal and transverse streaks. An entirely unknown Murex , the body is yellow, the aperture violet with 5 spines, it resembles due to the cancellated bars, and the thereby generated caves, a fenestrated weaved basket. (Very noticeable.)

Nomen dubium. See new species section below for details.

Murex hippocastanum . Nutmeg nut. Gmelin sp. 48.

Thais hippocastanum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Indo-Pacific.

857 Two clean yellow nutmeg nuts ornamented with brown lines with three rows of prongs and crowned on the spire. Rumphius pl. 23, fig. D. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 7, fig. 3.

858 Two of the same zits, of which the one twice, the other once serrated. Martini vol. 3, pl. 100, figs. 951, 952. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 4, figs. 2–6, pl. 24, fig. 2.

859 Two entirely white finely furrowed ones of the above. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 35, fig. 3.

860 Two particularly beautiful cancellated pale yellow ones of the above. D’Argenville pl. 15, fig. G.

861 Two very beautiful alum snails, the body clear and transparent white, the spire, however, remarkable brown, the aperture yellow. D’Argenville pl. 15, fig. K. Martini vol. 3, pl. 101, fig. 969.

862 An entirely white helmet. ( Murex galea alba .) Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 160, figs. 1518, 1519. (rare.) Coralliophila galea ( Lichtenstein, 1794) : Coralliophilidae . Caribbean. See availability section below for authorship of this species.

Murex senticosus . Thistle snail. Gmelin sp. 49.

Phos senticosus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Buccinidae . Indo-Pacific.

863 Two brown-banded goldfinch [literally: thistle finch]. Martini vol. 4, pl. 155, figs. 1466, 1467. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5.

864 An entirely white thistle snail.

865! Murex lycopersion by us [= new species]; Murex shell tail-like; with the shape and the colors of the image: Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 163, figs. 1561, 1562, similar; nevertheless the aperture are less, than there, channeled. Two extremely rare newly discovered murexes of rare beauty, it resembles in built and colors Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 163, figs. 1561, 1562, however, are these apertures less channel-shaped, 1 1/ 4 inches.

Nomen dubium. See new species section below for details.

Murex melongena . The bedding. Gmelin sp. 50.

Melongena melongena ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Melongenidae . Caribbean.

866 Two particularly large white and brown banded beddings with 4 rows strongly serrated, 6 1/ 2 inches. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 164, fig. 1568.

867 Two pale brown banded ones of the above. Martini vol. 2, pl. 39, fig. 390.

868 Two brown ones of the above with pale yellow bands, at the same place [= Martini vol. 2, pl. 39] fig. 392. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 17, fig. 5.

Murex babylonius . Babylon tower. Gmelin sp. 52.

Turris babylonia ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turridae . Indo-West Pacific.

869 Two babylonian towers. Martini vol. 4, pl. 143, figs. 1331, 1332. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 13, fig. 2.

870 Two of the same.

871 A brown one of the above wound around with grooved bands.

872 A very rare variety, yellow banded, with white and brown broken sticks.

Murex javanus . Java spindle. Gmelin sp. 53.

Turricula javana ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Clavatulidae . Indo-Pacific.

873 An entirely white Java spindle. Martini vol. 4, p. 143, fig. 1338.

874 Two of the above.

Murex colus . French spindle. Gmelin sp. 61.

Fusinus colus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Fasciolariidae . Indo-Pacific.

875 An entirely white rare spindle with ringed spire, 7 inches.

876 One of the above, dirty white with yellow beak. 7 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 144, fig. 1342.

877 Two of the above, smaller.

878 A crowned one of the above, 6 1/ 2 inches. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 5, fig. 1.

879 One of the above, 4 inches.

880 An entirely white strongly wound around spindle, with blunt beak.

Murex morio . The banded negro. Gmelin sp. 62.

Pugilina morio ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Melongenidae . SW Atlantic.

881 A brown negro with broad and small cross bands. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 20, fig. 1.

882 Two of the above, only with one cross band. Martini vol. 4, pl. 139, fig. 1300.

883 A pale yellow one of the above, at the same place [Martini vol. 4, pl. 139] fig. 1301.

Murex cochlidium . The Franciscan [monk]. Gmelin sp. 63.

Pugilina cochlidium ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Melongenidae . Indian Ocean.

884 A Franciscan [monk] without belt. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 164, fig. 1569.

Murex spitillus . Tailed turnip. Gmelin sp. 64.

Tudicla spirillus ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Tudiculidae. Lichtenstein’s spitillus [sic] is a typographic error for spirillus as shown by the reference to Gmelin (1791).

885 A tailed turnip. Martini vol. 3, pl. 115, fig. 1069. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 24, fig. 3.

886 Two of the above.

887 Two grooved ones of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 67, figs. 745, 746. but according to the illustration more tailed.

888 Two of the above, with vertical lines.

Murex canaliculatus . The serrated fig. Gmelin sp. 65.

Busycon canaliculatum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Melongenidae . NW Atlantic.

889 A serrated fig. Martini vol. 3, pl. 47, fig. 744. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 27, fig. 1.

890! A rare large double fig, 6 1/ 2 inches.

891 One of the above, somewhat smaller.

892 A large pale yellow smooth fig, ornamented at the spire with deep grooves, 8 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 67, figs. 742, 743?.

893 One of the same, 7 1/ 2 inches, both rare.

Murex rapa . The turnip. Gmelin sp. 68.

Rapa rapa ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Muricidae . Indo-Pacific.

894 Two turnips with their lid. Martini vol. 3, pl. 68, figs. 750, 751. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 21, fig. 2.

895 Two of the above, without the same.

Murex aruanus . The Aruanian snail. Gmelin sp. 71.

Syrinx aruanus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Melongenidae . N Australia.

896!! The specimen is extremely shiny in saturated yellow; with light lower two whorls, the remaining ones truly from the third to the apex, with teeth or coronated. The umbilical canal [is] one inch wide, vanishes gradually. The total length of the shell is seventeen inches. One because of its size very rare trumpet of Aru, this snail is bright yellow of color and entirely healthy, in- and outside shiny, the two first whorls are smooth, from the third to the tip, however, serrated or crowned. The umbilical groove is one inch wide, and disappears gradually at 8 inches deep. The total length is 17 inches. (very rare) Rumphius pl. 28, fig. A. Martini vol. 4, vignette p. 143, pl. 39, fig. D. The two words “niti dissimum” should be written as a single word, as the elative of nitidus = shiny.

Murex antiquus . The dutch spindle. Gmelin sp. 73.

Neptunea antiqua ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Buccinidae . NE Atlantic.

897 A dutch spindle. Martini vol. 4, pl. 138, fig. 1296.

898 Two of the same.

899 A large entirely white lap smooth horn, 6 1/ 4 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 138, fig. 1292.

900 Two milk white lap spindles, 4 3/ 4 inches. (very rare.)

Murex argus . The Argus . Gmelin sp. 78.

Argobuccinum pustulosus ([Lightfoot], 1786): Cymatiidae . South Africa.

901 A rare Argus-snail. Martini vol. 4, pl. 127, figs. 1223. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 3, fig. 3.

902 One of the above.

Murex magellanicus . The pomegranate. Gmelin sp. 80.

Fusitriton magellanicum ( Röding, 1798) : Cymatiidae . South America.

903 A rare leafed pomegranate. Martini vol. 4, pl. 139, fig. 1297. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 30, fig. 2.

Murex cancellatus . Curved neck. Gmelin sp. 81.

Fusitriton magellanicum ( Röding, 1798) : Cymatiidae . South America.

904 A curved neck snail. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 27, fig. 3. & vol. 6, pl. 33, fig. 3?.

Murex tritonis . Triton’s snail. Gmelin sp. 89.

Charonia tritonis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cymatiidae . Indo-Pacific.

905 A smooth triton’s horn. Martini vol. 4, pl. 135, figs. 1282, 1283. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 16, figs. 2, 3.

906 Two knobbed ones of the above. Martini vol. 4, pl. 136, figs. 1284, 1285.

Murex tulipa . Agate pear. Gmelin sp. 91.

Fasciolaria tulipa ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Fasciolariidae . Caribbean.

907 Two brown speckled agate snails. Martini vol. 4, pl. 137, fig. 1286. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 29, fig. 1.

908 One of the above orange with black lines. Martini vol. 4, pl. 137, figs. 1288, 1289.

909 Two of the above, smaller.

910 Two different rare ones of the above, of which one Knorr vol. 6, pl. 29, fig. 5.

Murex nassa . The weir-basket. Gmelin sp. 93.

Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Caribbean, SW Atlantic.

911 A dark brown weir-basket with white band. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 20, fig. 7.

912 Two of the above.

Murex lignaria . Wood spindle. Gmelin sp. 98.

Fasciolaria lignaria ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Fasciolariidae . Mediterranean.

913 Two with brown lines wound around spindle. Martini vignette 39, fig. A.

914 One of the above. Martini vol. 4, pl. 141, figs. 1317, 1318. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 26, fig. 5.

Murex trapezium . Blunt needle. Gmelin sp. 99.

Pleuroploca trapezium ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Fasciolariidae . Indo-Pacific.

915 A large knobbed spindle. (The Atlandian dress). Martini vol. 4, pl. 139, figs. 1298, 1299. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 20,

fig. 1.

916 One of the above smaller.

Murex harpa . The harp. Gmelin sp. 102.

This species is difficult to assess and has not been treated much in the literature. Gmelin (1791) referred to Martini & Chemnitz (1785: pl. 142, figs. 1328–1330). Figures 1328 and 1329 show apertural and abapertural views of the same specimen, while figure 1330 is an entirely different shell in abapertural view. The first could be a Cantharus species, while figure 1330 may show a Vexillum sp. The composite nature of that reference had not been noted in many works (e.g. Dillwyn 1817), but is evident in Richardson et al. (1979), who could not clarify the identification of either species. It is important to distinguish Murex harpa Linnaeus, 1758 = Buccinum harpa of Gmelin, from Murex harpa Gmelin, 1791 .

917 A fig-shaped crowned spindle. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 15, fig. 4.

918 Two harp-shaped ones of the above, folded. Martini vol. 4, pl. 142, fig. 1329. (rare).

919 Two of the above with cross bands. Martini [vol. 4, pl. 142,] fig. 1328.

Murex polygonus . Blunt spindle. Gmelin sp. 109.

Latrius polygonus (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Indo-Pacific.

920 A blunt spindle with brown and white lines. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 15, fig. 5.

921 A brown knobbed and furrowed one of the above. Martini vol. 4, pl. 141, figs. 314, 315.

Murex ansatus . Line horn. Gmelin sp. 114.

Lyonsifusus ansatus (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Caribbean.

922 A pale yellow on the whorl knobbed spindle, 5 inches. Rumphius pl. 29, fig. G. Martini vol. 4, pl. 144, fig.

1339.

Murex undatus . Milk spindle. Gmelin sp. 115.

Fusinus undatus (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Indo-West Pacific.

923 A milk white knobbed spindle with long tip and beak. (the French spindle.) 8 1/ 4 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 145,

fig. 1343.

924 An equally rare one of the above. 7 1/ 2 inches.

Murex versicolor . Opalescent spindle. Gmelin sp. 119.

Lyonsifusus ansatus (Gmelin, 1791) : Fasciolariidae . Caribbean.

925 Two brown speckled and lined spindles. Martini vol. 4, pl. 146, fig. 1348.

926 A very large, pale yellow finely ribbed spindle with 10 whorls and somewhat knobbed, 11 inches. Knorr vol.

3, pl. 14, fig. 1.

927 The pineapple spindle. Martini vol. 4, vignette 39, fig. A.

Murex nicobarius . The colorful spindle. Gmelin sp. N.

Fusinus nicobarius ( Röding, 1798) : Fasciolariidae . Indo-Pacific.

928 A longtailed Nicobarian furrowed and knobbed spindles, with brown vertical spots, colorfully banded 4 1/2

inches. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 160, fig. 1523.

929 A very rare crowned folded and banded yellow and brown spindle. 2 inches.

930 A folded and ribbed pale yellow spindle with fine brown lines. Rumphius pl. 49, fig. F.

931 A folded lemon yellow one of the above, with cross bands, 2 inches.

932 Two red pearled drum-like ones of the above.

933 A smooth black one of the above with white band.

934 Two small white elongated spindles.

935 Two pale yellow ones with orange dots ornamented spindle-shaped snails.

936 Two small yellow ones (not Morrocan, but) Amboinian left-handed spindles compare Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 105, fig. 896.

937 An exquisite beautiful trumpet of the dragon. 12 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 143, fig. 1333.

Murex vertagus . Snout needle. Gmelin sp. 133.

Rhinoclavis vertagus ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Cerithiidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific.

938 Two entirely white duck bills. Martini vol. 4, pl. 157, fig. 1480. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 40, figs. 3, 4.

939 Two of the above, with yellow lines. Martini vol. 4, pl. 157, figs. 1481, 1482. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 3.

940 Two larger ones of the above.

941 Two of the above. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 15, fig. 6.

Murex aluco . Bastard Pope’s crown. Gmelin sp. 134.

Pseudovertagus aluco ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cerithiidae . SW Pacific.

942 Two large bastard Pope’s crowns. Martini vol. 4, pl. 156, figs. 1473, 1474. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 16, fig. 4.

943 Two of the above, burn feathers Martini vol. 4, pl. 156, fig. 1478. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 16, fig. 5.

[?: in modern German “pennen” has to colloquial meanings: to sleep and school. Neither of these meanings make any sense. It may be derived from pens/feathers, which would make more sense in the context of elongated shells.]

944 Two of the same.

945 Two pale yellow ones. Martini vol. 4, pl. 156, fig. 1479.

Murex terebella . Pearled drill. Gmelin sp. 144.

Pyramidella dolabrata ( Linnaeus, 1758) form terebella ( Müller, 1774) : Pyramidellidae . Indo-Pacific.

946 A cleanly burnt and pearled drill. Martini vol. 4, pl. 155, fig. 1458.

Note: This snail is actually the on-growth of a noticeable Ostrea edulis , which was mentioned on page 15 under No. 257.

947 Two small pearled ones of the above. Martini vol. 4, pl. 155, fig. 1458.

948 Four of the above, at the same place [Martini vol. 4, pl. 155,] fig. 1460.

Murex granulatus . Cancellated bill screw. Gmelin sp. 149.

Rhinoclavis aspera ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Cerithiidae .

949 Two white cancellated bill screws. Martini vol. 4, pl. 157, fig. 1483.

950 Two different granulated ones of the above.

951 A humpy wound around one of the above.

* * *

952! Two so far still unknown spindle-like snails, pale yellow with brown bands, over the entire body folded and finely ribbed with a red tip and violet aperture.

953 Two of the same, yellow with white cross bands, also white aperture.

954!! Murex australasiae ; by us [= new species]. Murex diluted brown, the lowest whorl folded with ribs, transverse furrows. The top five whorls are ornamented of double protuberances. In this variety the aperture is brown. The lowest whorl is strongly foliated with cross furrows; the upper 5 whorls are ornamented with doubly prominent whorls, the aperture is brown, 2 inches.

Nomen dubium. See new species section below.

955!! An other murex of the same variety; shell white, aperture brown. One of the same entirely white with brown aperture, 2 1/ 2 inches.

956!! Murex pacificus by us [= new species]. Murex dilute brown with white wound around, to the apex continuously going around; the top 5 whorls with a simple protuberance. One of the above, pale yellow with a white band, which runs to the top tip, the top 5 whorls have only a sharp edge. 1 3/ 4 inches. (Three rare South Seas snails.)

Nomen dubium. See new species section below.

Genus 326. Trochus . Top.

Trochus niloticus . The pyramid. Gmelin sp. 1.

Trochus niloticus Linnaeus, 1767 : Trochidae . Indo-Pacific.

957 A red flamed Trochus . Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 167, fig. 1605. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 5, fig. 1. 3 1/ 4 inches.

958 A green and red flamed of the above. Chemnitz at the same place [vol. 5, pl. 167,] fig. 1606. 3 1 / 2 inches.

959 One to the mother of pearl undressed one of the above, 4 inches.

960 One of the above, somewhat smaller.

Trochus maculosus . Knotty pyramid. Gmelin sp. 2.

Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758 : Trochidae . Indo-Pacific. Lichtenstein’s maculosus [sic] is a typographic error for maculatus as shown by the reference to Gmelin (1791).

961 A red pearled pyramid. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 169, figs. 1623, 1624.

962 Two of the above smaller.

963! Trochus tahitiensis , by us [= new species]. Trochus with a conical shell, tuberculated, with white and green tubercules; aperture silver, the interior lip poorly four-toothed. Lives near the islands of the Pacific Ocean. A green serrated pearled pyramid from Otaheite, 1 1/ 4 inches. This Trochus is all over ornamented with green and white pearls, noticeable is the magnificent mouth with shiny mother of pearl 4-fold serrated. (So far still unknown.) Trochus histrio Reeve, 1861 : Trochidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific. See new species section below. Trochus perspectivus . Perspectiv snail. Gmelin sp. 3.

Architectonica perspectiva ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Architectonicidae . Indo-Pacific.

964 A large perspective snail. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 172, figs. 1691, 1692. 2 inches in diameter.

965 Two of the above smaller.

966 Two of the above, with yellow spots.

967 Two rare blue and brown banded ones of the above. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

Trochus pharaonius . Pharao snail. Gmelin sp. 6.

Clanculus pharaonius (Linneaus, 1758) : Trochidae . Indian Ocean.

968 A beautifully pearled pharao snail. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 171, figs. 1672, 1673. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 30, fig. 6. Trochus magus . The witch master. Gmelin sp. 7.

Gibbula magus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Trochidae . NE Atlantic.

969 Two different witch masters. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 71, figs. 1656, 1660. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 27, fig. 4.

970 Two different ones of the above.

Trochus solaris . Sun horn. Gmelin sp. 15.

Stellaria solaris ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Xenophoridae . Indo-Pacific.

971!! Trochus solaris ; the large variety, with accessible [= open] umbilicus, the round whorl with almost translucent silver rays. Lives near Tahiti, & nearby islands of the Pacific Ocean. Our specimen equals 4 3/ 4 inches in diameter, & 2 1/ 2 in height. An exquisite large rare imperial sun horn from Otaheite with translucent mother of pearl all around strongly flamed, the umbilicus penetrates to the uppermost tip, it is 4 3/ 4 inches in diameter, and 2 1/ 2 inches high. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 173, figs. 1714, 1715.

972 A very beautiful sun horn, on top yellow, underneath silver colored shiny. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 174, figs. 1716, 1717. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 26, fig. 4.

973 A rare elongated sun horn. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 173, figs. 1700, 1701. Rumphius pl. 20, fig. K.

974 An equally rare unserrated entirely flat one of the above. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 29, fig. 2.

975 A highbraided and serrated one of the above, this snail has a high orange band, which gives from one whorl to the outermost basis a noticeable appearance.

Trochus labio . Thick lip. Gmelin sp. 76.

Monodonta labio ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Trochidae . Indo-West Pacific.

976 A thick lip Trochus with the tooth, from New Zealand. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 166, fig.s 1579, 1580.

977 One of the same, as beautiful.

Murex striatus . Striated pyramid. Gmelin sp. 78.

Jujubinus striatus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Trochidae . Tropical E Atlantic, Mediterranean.

978 A small striated Nicobarian one of the above.

Any of the smaller, pyramidal trochids of the Malayan Archipelago, such as Jujubinus gilberti (Montrouzier in Fischer, 1878) given the stated provenance.

979 Two different ones of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 162, figs. 1527, 1528. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 14, figs. 2, 3. Trochus zyzyphinus . Jujuban top. Gmelin sp. 80.

Calliostoma zizyphinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Trochidae . NE Atlantic, Azores .

980 Two doubly bordered Transquebarian pyramids. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 166, figs. 1595, 1596.

981 Two crowned ones of the above, at the same place [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 166,] figs. 1597, 1598.

982 Two smooth yellow ones of the above.

983! A golden shimmering with fin rims wound around pyramids from Otaheite. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 165, figs. 1579, 1580. (rare.)

Gaza polychoronos Villens, 2012 : Margaritidae . French Polynesia. Calliostomatidae from French Polynesia all have granulated whorls, while the golden sheen and fine spirals applies to Gaza .

984! Two rare pearled, orange and blue ones of the above, banded. Rumphius pl. 21, fig. 2?.

Trochus virgatus . Gmelin sp. 83.

Trochus virgatus Gmelin, 1791 : Trochidae . Indo-Pacific.

985 Two different undressed mother of pearl Trochi. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 160, figs. 1514, 1515.

Trochus foveolatus . Double serrated top snail. Gmelin sp. 84.

Tectus dentatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775): Trochidae . Indian Ocean.

986 A magnificent top snail from East India, (rare.). Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 160, figs. 1511, 1512.

987! An extremely rare large serrated multicolored top, from the Red Sea, the bottom is clean shiny greenish, 4 inches. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1518, 1519.

Trochus diaphanus . Pealed top. Gmelin sp. 85.

Maurea punctulata ( Martyn, 1784) : Trochidae . New Zealand.

988! Two very beautiful clean pealed trochi from Otaheite. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1520, 1521.

Trochus iris . The rainbow top. Gmelin sp. 86.

Cantharidus opalus ( Martyn, 1784) Trochidae . New Zealand.

989! A very beautiful rainbow top, equally from the South Sea, the upper side green shiny, the aperture, however, plays all possible colors. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1522, 1523.

990! One of the above, as beautiful as the previous one.

991! One of its top skin acquitted one of the above, therefore, inside and outside rainbow colored shiny.

Trochus imbricatus . Chinese roof. Gmelin sp. 93.

Astraea tecta ([Lightfoot], 1786): Turbinidae . Caribbean.

992 A top snail. (the Chinese roof.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 162, fig. 1531.

Trochus americanus . The American top. Gmelin sp. 94.

Astraea tecta americana (Gmelin, 1791) : Turbinidae . SE Florida.

993 Two red spotted tops. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 162, fig. 1534, 1535.

Trochus caelatus . Spengler’s/Tin smith’s spur. Gmelin sp. 95.

Astraea caelata (Gmelin, 1791) : Turbinidae . Florida to West Indies. “Spengl” could refer either to Lorenz Spengler (1720–1807) or to the name of the profession .

994 Two beautiful trochi. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 162, figs. 1536, 1537.

Trochus cookii . Cook’s top. Gmelin sp. 97.

Cookia sulcata ([Lightfoot], 1786): Turbinidae . New Zealand.

995! A rare beautiful Cook’s top from the South Sea, particularly shiny. 3 inches. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 163, fig. 1540.

Trochus fenestratus . Window top. Gmelin sp. 100.

Trochus fenestratus Gmelin, 1791 : Trochidae . Indo-Pacific.

996 Two green window tops. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1549, 1550.

Trochus argyrostomus . Black silver mouth. Gmelin sp. 102.

Tegula argyrostoma (Gmelin, 1791) : Trochidae . NW Pacific.

997! Two rare black southlandian silver mouths. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 165, figs. 1562, 1563.

Trochus conchyliophorus . Stone carrier. Gmelin sp. 110.

Xenophora conchyliophora ( Born, 1780) : Xenophoridae . Caribbean, SW Atlantic.

998 The rare stone carrier, loaded with different stones. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 172, figs. 1688, 1689.

Trochus telescopium . The sea barrel. Gmelin sp. 112.

Telescopium telescopium ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Potamididae . Indo-West Pacific.

999 An extra large banded sea barrel. 4 3/ 4 inches. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 160, fig. 1507, 1508. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 23, fig. 3.

1000 One of the above, equally beautiful. 3 1/ 4 inches.

1001 A small rare double banded and strongly curved one of the above.

Trochus dolabratus . The ship flag. Gmelin sp. 113.

Pyramidella dolabrata ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Pyramidellidae . Indo-Pacific, Caribbean.

1002 Two white and yellow banded aft sea barrels. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 167, figs. 1603, 1604. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 19, figs. 2, 3.

1003 Two of the above, blue and brown bands.

Genus 327. Turbo . Moon snails.

Turbo littoreus . Moon nerite. Gmelin sp. 3.

Littorina littorea ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Littorinidae . N Atlantic.

1004 Two oil jugs. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 185, fig. 1852.

1005 Two of the above.

Turbo petholatus . Nassauian. Gmelin sp. 8.

Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 : Turbinidae . Western and Central Pacific.

1006 A red Nassauian cleanly marbled, with 8 bands. Chemnitz vol. 5, p. 183, figs. 1528, 1529. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 4.

Any of the three Caribbean Turbo species ( T. castanea Gmelin, 1791 , T. cailletii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1857 , T. canaliculatus Hermann, 1781 ) given the stated provenance, see Redfern (2013).

1007 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

1008 Two of the above, with 7 bands.

1009 One of the above, with 6 bands. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 3, fig. 3.

1010 Two dark brown ones of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 183, figs. 1830, 1831.

1011 One of the above, somewhat smaller.

1012 A rare one of the above, particularly marbled, with 4 narrow and one broad band.

Turbo chrysostomus . The gold mouth. Gmelin sp. 10.

Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 : Turbinidae . Indo-Pacific.

1013 A beautiful large gold mouth. (the golden oven.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 178, fig. 1766. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 13, fig. 3. 3 inches.

1014 One of the above somewhat smaller, equally beautiful.

1015 A particularly beautiful one of the above, entirely green with red tip.

Turbo persicum . Chinese roof. Gmelin sp. 11.

Tectarius tectumpersicum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Littorinidae . Indo-Pacific.

1016 The Chinese roof. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1543, 1544.

1017 One of the above.

Turbo pagodus . Pagode snail. Gmelin sp. 12.

Tectarius pagodus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Littorinidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

1018 Two large pagode snails. (Moorish temple.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1541, 1542. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 25, figs. 3, 4.

1019 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

1020 Two of the above.

1021 Two of the above.

Turbo calcar . The spur. Gmelin sp. 13.

Astralium calcar ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turbinidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1022 Two yellow spurs. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 164, figs. 1552, 1553. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 6, fig. 2.

1023! Two green South Sea spurs. Compare with Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 165, figs. 1585, 1586.

1024 The coral carrier, with deer antlers, strongly over grown.

1025 One of the above, somewhat smaller.

Turbo rugosa . Furrow bundle. Gmelin sp. 14.

Bolma rugosa ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Turbinidae . E Atlantic, Mediterranean.

1026 One to the mother of pearl undressed bundle. (Crown horn). Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 180, figs. 1782, 1783. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 1.

Turbo marmoratus . The snake skin. Gmelin sp. 15.

Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758 : Turbinidae . Indo-Pacific.

1027 A large snake skin. (Green knob horn). 5 inches. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1775, 1776. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 27, fig. 1.

1028 One of the above, equally beautiful.

Turbo sarmaticus . The Sarmatian. Gmelin sp. 16.

Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758 : Turbinidae . South Africa.

1029! A reddish yellow Sarmatian. (Pearled orange eye.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 180, fig. 1781.

1030! A large dark brown one of the above, with translucent mother of pearl knobs. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1777, 1778. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Turbo cornutus . Horned silver mouth. Gmelin sp. 18.

Turbo cornutus [Lightfoot], 1786: Turbinidae . NW Pacific.

1031 Two green strongly serrated silver mouths. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1779, 1780. (particularly beautiful.)

Turbo radiatus . Speckled silver mouth. Gmelin sp. 19.

Trochus radiatus (Gmelin, 1791) : Trochidae . Indo-Pacific.

1032 A large speckled and banded silver mouth. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 177, fig. 1762.

1033 One of the above, equally beautiful.

1034 Two smaller ones of the above.

Turbo imperialis . Imperial moon snail. Gmelin sp. 20.

Turbo imperialis Gmelin, 1791 : Turbinidae . New Zealand.

1035 A beautiful large green and mother of pearl alternating moon snail. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 180, fig. 1790.

1036 A smaller one of the above, very shiny, green and mother of pearl.

1037 Two entirely undressed mother of pearl ones of the above.

Turbo setosus . The black brush. Gmelin sp. 23.

Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 : Turbinidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific.

1038 An extra beautiful inside strongly corded and mother of pearl shining black brush. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 181, figs. 1795, 1796.

1039 Two vertical speckled silver mouths, at the same place [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 181,] fig. 1797.

1040 A brown and yellow speckled one of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 182, fig. 1809.

Turbo sparverius . The sparrow. Gmelin sp. 25.

Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791 : Turbinidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1041 Two beautifully speckled sparrows. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 181, fig. 1798.

1042! A rare (so far still unknown) corded and featherlike one of the above, more yellow than the previous one. Turbo spenglerianus . The Spenglerian silver mouth. Gmelin sp. 27.

Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781 : Turbinidae . Caribbean.

1043 A yellow silver mouth. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 181, figs. 1801, 1802.

1044! A rare highly braided silver mouth.

1045 A corded one of the above.

Turbo smaragdus . The emerald moon snail. Gmelin sp. 30.

Lunella smaragdus (Gmelin, 1791) : Turbinidae . New Zealand.

1046! A very beautifully green shimmering emeralds snail from Otaheite. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 182, figs. 1815, 1816.

It is not clear what this species could be. Two green Turbo species are known from French Polynesia ( T. marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758 , T. setosus Gmelin, 1791 ), neither of which closely ressembles the Martini & Chemnitz figures.

1047! An equally beautiful one of the above, from the same place, with the lid.

1048! A rough more compressed one of the above, equally with the lid.

1049! A high braided and somewhat banded one of the above.

Turbo cidaris . The Turkish Bundle [also type of flower: Lilium martagon Linnaeus : Liliaceae ]. Gmelin sp. 34. Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791 : Turbinidae . South Africa.

1050 An orange colored bundle with clean lines. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 184, fig. 1844.

1051 Two brown and white broad banded ones of the above. At the same place [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 184,] fig. 1846.

1052 A pale finely banded one of the above.

Turbo pica . Soldier or eleventh. Gmelin sp. 39.

Cittarium pica ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Trochidae . Caribbean.

1053 A beautiful, large and regularly cord ear. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 176, figs. 1750, 1751. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 1.

1054 Two of the above, smaller.

1055 Two large, mostly entirely black ones of the above.

Trochus delphinus . Serrated dolphin. Gmelin sp. 44.

Angaria delphinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Angariidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

1056 Two serrated grey dolphins. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 175, fig. 1729. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 8, fig. 1.

1057 Two darker ones of the above, Chemnitz at the same place [vol. 5, pl. 175,] figs. 1730, 1731.

1058 A large red one of the above. [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 175,] fig. 1733. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 22, figs. 4, 5.

1059 Two of the above.

1060 Two different to particularly remarkable ones of the above.

1061 Two entirely mother of pearl ones of the above.

Turbo distortus . Ribbed dolphin. Gmelin sp. 46.

Angaria delphinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Angariidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

1062 A red dolphin with strong whorls. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 175, figs. 1737, 1738.

1063 One of the above, even more beautiful.

1064 One of the above, somewhat smaller.

Turbo aculeatus . The Nicobarian spur. Gmelin sp. 48.

Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781 : Turbinidae . Caribbean.

1065 Two Nicobarian spurs. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 165, figs. 1554, 1555.

1066 A particularly high braided and the first whorl free standing one of the above. (Spenglerian spur.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 164, figs. 1556, 1557.

Turbo scalaris . True spiral staircase. Gmelin sp. 62.

Epitonium scalare (Linneaus, 1758) : Epitoniidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1067!! An extraordinarily large Amboinian high braided and elongated true spiral staircase. 2 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 152, figs. 1426, 1427. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 24, fig. 6.

1068!! An equally magnificent one of the above, with drawn out white ribs, 2 1/ 2 inches. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 23, fig. 1. (particularly beautiful in color.)

1069!! A beautiful entirely yellow one of the above, 2 inches.

1070!! A very beautiful liver colored one of the above, with white ribs, 1 3/ 4 inches.

1071! One of the above 1 1/ 8 inches.

1072! One of the above, of equal size.

1073! One of the above, 1 inch.

1074! A very beautiful high liver colored one of the above, with white ribs, 1 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 153, figs. 1430–1433. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 20, figs. 2, 3.

1075! One of the above smaller.

1076! One of the above, of the above.

Turbo clathrus . Common spiral staircase. Gmelin sp. 63.

Epitonium clathrum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Epitoniidae . NW Atlantic, Mediterranean.

1077 A liver colored Amboinian untrue spiral staircase, with many sharp white ribs. Martini vol. 4, pl. 153, fig. 1438. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 20, fig. 6. (rare.)

1078 An equally rare Amboinian elongated one of the above, 1 3/ 4 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 152, figs. 1428, 1429. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 20, fig. 4.

1079 One of the above, 1 1/ 4 inches.

1080 One of the above, 1 3/ 4 inches.

1081 One of the above, 1 1/ 2 inches.

1082 Two entirely white ones of the above with blunt ribs. Martini vol. 4, pl. 153, fig. 1434. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1083 Two white West Indian ones of the above.

1084 Two of the above, of the above.

1085 A small smooth unribbed one of the above.

1086 Two rare umbilicated ones of the above, with very large aperture and an opening from the umbilicus through the uppermost tip.

Turbo uva . The bee basket. Gmelin sp. 68.

Cerion uva Linnaeus, 1758 : Cerionidae . Caribbean.

1087 Two bee baskets. Martini vol. 4, pl. 153, figs. 1439 a, b. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 4.

1088 Two of the above.

Turbo imbricatus . Colorful screw. Gmelin sp. 76.

Astraea tecta ([Lightfoot], 1786): Turbinidae . Caribbean.

1089 An elongated screw. Martini vol. 4, pl. 152, fig. 1422. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 2.

1090 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

Turbo replicatus . Smooth screw. Gmelin sp. 77.

Turritella duplicata ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turritellidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1091 An extra beautiful yellow smooth screw, 5 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 151, fig. 1412. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 3.

1092 One of the above, blueish in color.

Turbo exoletus . Old screw. Gmelin sp. 80.

Turritella exoleta ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turritellidae . Caribbean.

1093 Two yellow screws. Martini vol. 4, pl. 152, fig. 1425.

Turbo terebra . Drum screw. Gmelin sp. 81.

Turritella terebra ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turritellidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1094 A clean drum screw, 5 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 151, fig. 1415.

1095 One of the above. Martini at the same place [vol. 4, pl. 151,] 1416. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 8, fig. 6.

Turbo variegatus . The vein screw. [Gmelin] sp. 82.

Turritella variegata ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Turritellidae . Caribbean.

1096 Two speckled screws. Martini vol. 4, pl. 152, fig. 1423.

1097 Two of the above.

Turbo annulatus . The cordlet screw. Gmelin sp. 86.

Pyrgula annulata ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Hydrobiidae . Europe.

1098 A clean white screw. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 39, fig. 2.

1099 Two of the above.

Turbo perversus . The left screw. Gmelin sp. 88.

Balea perversa ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Clausiliidae . Europe.

1100 Two small left-handed barley grains. D’Argenville pl. 28, fig. 15. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 112, figs. 959a, b.

Genus 328. Helix . Scroll snail.

Helix lapicida . Stone picker. Gmelin sp. 2.

Helicigona lapicida ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Helicidae . Europe.

1101 A brown speckled and banded stone picker. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 13, fig. 4.

1102 Two of the above. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 21, fig. 4.

1103 Four different ones of the above banded. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 126, figs. 1108, 1109.

Helix planorbis . Disk snail. Gmelin sp. 20.

Planorbis planorbis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Planorbidae . Europe.

1104 A small entirely brown disk snail. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 22, fig. 6.

Helix ringens . Eastindian lamp. Gmelin sp. 22.

Anostoma ringens ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Odontostomidae . South America.

1105 Two beautiful white brown banded lamps. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 125, fig. 1097. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 26, figs. 6, 7. Helix carocolla . Bastard lamps. Gmelin sp. 26.

Pleurodonta (Caracolus) caracolla ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Camaeidae. Caribbean.

1106 A brown lam with red flews, 3 inches. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 125, figs. 1090, 1091. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

1107 One of the above, with white flew.

1108 A very beautiful violet one of the above with white aperture and bands. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 13, fig. 4.

Helix cornu militare . White scroll snail. Gmelin sp. 29.

Pyrochilus cornumilitare ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Camaenidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1109! Two very rare umbilicated large and smooth snails with violet eyes. (The potato) Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 129, figs. 1142, 1143. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 32, fig. 2.

1110! Two entirely white fringed ones of the above.

1111! Two small more elevated ones of the above, without eyes.

Helix gualtieriana (extremely rare). The Gualtieri lamp. Gmelin sp. 33.

Iberus gualtieriana ( Linnaeus, 1767) : Helicidae . Europe.

1112! An extremely rare large Asian white cancellated lamp. Martini vol. 5, p. 237, vignette 44, figs. A, B.

1113! One of the above equally beautiful, somewhat yellowish in color.

Helix cornea . The wood horn. Gmelin sp. 35.

Planorbarius corneus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Planorbidae . Europe.

1114 Two wood horns. D’Argenville pl. 27, fig. 8.

1115 Two of the above

Helix arietis . Ram horn. Gmelin sp. 41.

Marisa cronuarietis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ampullariidae . Central & South America. Lichtenstein omitted the first part of the species epithet given in Gmelin (1791).

1116 Two ram horns, with broad bands. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5.

1117 Two different ones of the above.

1118!! Helix porphyrostoma ; by us [= new species]. Helix with an umbilicated shell, a little flat, unicolor chestnut, aperture violet, recurved lip. Spire blunt umbilicate; the umbilical opening of the base the size of a pea, almost 7/ 8 inches, deep. Lives in Ambon. An extremely rare newly discovered post horn; this snail is uniform chestnut brown with recurved flew and violet aperture, the spire is on top perspectivally depressed by 1/ 4 inch, the umbilical hole at the base is the size of a pea and 7/ 8 inch deep, the entire height of this snail is 1 1/ 4 inches, from Ambon.

Nomen dubium. Planorbidae ? See discussion of new species.

1119! Helix australasiae ; by us [= new species]. Helix with a imperforate towered shell, with the top spire dark brown narrowly decorated with fillet, the second [whorl] somewhat horn-colored, with the two last ones saturated violet, aperture somewhat round [and] wide, strongly grooved, flesh colored. Lives in Tahiti & other nearby islands of the Pacific Ocean. An equally beautiful snail from Otaheite. This exquisitely beautiful snail should cheaply [= at first sight] according to its lower shape counted to the post horns, it is, however, high braided; the first whorl is brown and finely banded, the second fades to horn colored, the two last ones to dark violet, the aperture is broad, round, flesh colored, and strongly grooved, its height is 1 1/ 2 inches, and the umbilicus 1/ 2 inch deep.

Partula sp. : Partulidae . See discussion of new species.

Helix ampullacea . The ox eye. Gmelin sp. 43.

Pila ampullacea ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ampullariidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1120 A blue banded ox’ eye. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 128, figs. 1133, 1135. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 5, fig. 2.

1121 One of the above with the mud skin [= periostracum].

1122! A large brown and folded snail ( Helix idolum maxima .) The idol Mantu. This snail is very inflated, 4 3/ 4 inches in diameter, and 4 3/ 4 inches high, extremely rare.

Unlike some other interspersed names in the catalog, this has no reference to a figure, and it does not appear that an earlier name was made available.

Helix pomatia . The vineyard snail. Gmelin sp. 47.

Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 : Helicidae . Europe.

1123 Two vineyard snails. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 108, figs. 911, 912.

1124 A rare sinistral one of the above, at the same place [Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 108,] figs. 908, 909.

Helix glauca . Cow eye. Gmelin sp. 48.

Pomacea glauca ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ampullariidae . Caribbean.

1125 A very beautiful violet banded cow eye. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 5, fig. 3.

1126 A blue multi-banded one of the above.

Helix citrina . Umbilicus scroll. Gmelin sp. 49.

Xesta citrina ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Ariophantidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1127 A liver colored umbilicus scroll with white and black bands. D’Argenville pl. 28, fig. 10. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 131, figs. 1167–1175.

1128 Two of the above, differently banded.

1129 One of the above, yellow with orange bands.

1130 Two of the above.]

1131 Two lemon yellow ones of the above, with dark yellow bands.

1132 Two of the above, with white bands.

Helix arbustorum . Tree snail. Gmelin sp. 53.

Arianta arbustorum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Helicidae . Europe.

1133 A collection of 15 selected land snails in various colors, partly banded, partly umbilicated and without umbilicus. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 130, figs. 1158–1160.

Helix flammea . Flamed bubble snail. Gmelin sp. 88.

Limicolaria flammea ( Müller, 1774) : Achatinidae . Africa.

1134 Two clean Senegalese exquisitely beautiful high braided thin shelled bubble snails, the base is white, with descending brown bands. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 119, figs. 1024, 1025.

Helix perversa . Whorl snail. Gmelin sp. 94.

Amphidromus perversus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Camaeidae. Malayan Archipelago.

1135 A pale yellow left pot snail, (Topslak) with 2 brown descending lines. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 111, figs. 934, 935.

1136 A yellow one of the above, brown banded. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 110, figs. 925, 926. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5.

Helix dextra . Lemon yellow pot snail. Gmelin sp. 95.

Amphidromus perversus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Camaenidae . Malayan Archipelago.

1137 A lemon yellow right-handed one of the above, with a brown descending band. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 134, fig. 1212.

Helix interrupta . The interrupted pot snail. Gmelin sp. 98.

Amphidromus perversus forma interruptus ( Müller, 1774): Camaeidae. Malayan Archipelago.

1138 Two grey ones of the above, brown banded. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 118, figs. 1015, 1016. 3 inches.

1139 Two small one of the above, more banded.

1140 Two of the above, more flamed.

1141 A rare one of the above, 3 times with cross and 3 times with diagonal descending bands.

1142 A large white slag. 3 inches. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 120, figs. 1031, 1032.

1143 Two rare white ones of the above, with pale red aperture and tips. (The Eastindian virgin.) Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 121, fig. 1042.

Helix vivipara . Live birthing snail. Gmelin sp. 105.

Viviparus viviparus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Viviparidae . Europe.

1144 Two obliquely vertically flamed water snails. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 132, figs. 1182–1185.

1145 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

1146 Three of the above, entirely different.

1147 Three different thick shelled ones of the above.

Helix scalaris . Elongated vineyard snail. Gmelin sp. 116.

Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 : Helicidae . Europe.

1148 A particularly high spired vineyard snail. D’Argenville, Zoomorph. pl. 9, fig. 8. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 128, fig. 1139, 1, 2, 3?.

Helix tenera . The banded horn. Gmelin sp. 121. Müller

Euglandina striata (O. F. Müller, 1774) : Spiraxidae . Central and South America.

1149 A white elongated and banded horn from Ceylon. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 120, fig. 1030.

Helix amarula . The stream Pope’s crown. Gmelin sp. 126.

Thiara amarula ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Helicidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific.

1150! A rare black [hunting] ground Pope’s crown. 1 3/ 4 inches. Rumphius pl. 33, fig. F. F. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 134, figs. 1218, 1219.

Helix stagnalis . The tip horn. Gmelin sp. 128.

Lymnaea stagnalis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Lymnaeidae . Northern hemisphere.

1151 Three beautiful large stream tip horns. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 135, figs. 1237, 1338.

* * *

1152 Two rare Arabian pointed-headed finely ribbed babe-in-arms with recurved flews. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 133, fig. 1234.

1153! Two righthanded South Sea brownish equally finely ribbed babe-in-arms with recurved flews. Compare with Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 112, figs. 950, 951.

1154! A ball[of wool]-shaped hat with protruding flew, the snail is liver colored with a fine violet band, below at the base ornamented with a broad burnt-red band, with same color finished the tip of this rare snail. Compare with Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 122, figs. 1046–1048.

1155! Helix carmelita ; by us [= new species]. Helix with an imperforated thick shell, five whorls. Of diluted dark red color, furnished with oblique tawny brown longitudinal bands broadly running down. Lives in New Zealand. A so far unknown thick-shelled New Zealandian snail of 5 whorls; the body apple flower-colored shaded, and all over ornamented with carmelite bands oblique broadly running down, which give this snail a striking appearance.

Nomen dubium.

Helix halitoidea . The little milk bowl. Gmelin sp. 152.

Sinum haliotoideum ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Indo-Pacific.

1156 Two sea ears without holes. (Little milk bowls.) D’Argenville pl. 3, fig. C. Martini vol. 1, pl. 16, figs. 152, 153. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 17, fig. 5.

Genus 329. Nerita . Swim snails.

Nerita canrena . Egg yolk. Gmelin sp. 1.

Natica canrena ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Caribbean.

1157 Two banded egg yolk. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1861, 1861. D’Argenville pl. 7, fig. A. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1158 Two of the above smaller.

Nerita lineata . Lined nerite. Gmelin sp. 2.

Natica lineata ( Röding, 1798) : Naticidae . Indo-Pacific.

1159 A lined nerite. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1864, 1865.

1160 One of the above, with the hermit crab. D’Argenville pl. 7, fig. Y.

Nerita glaucina . Buck’s eye. Gmelin sp. 3.

Nomen dubium.

1161 Two large buck eyes. (The buck.) Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1856, 1857. Knorr vol. 2, pl. 11, fig. 1.

1162 Two of the above, equally beautiful.

Nerita vitellus . Egg yolk. Gmelin sp. 4.

Natica vitellus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1163 Two egg yolks. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1866, 1867. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 7, fig. 2.

1164 Two of the above.

Nerita albumen . Pushed egg yolk. Gmelin sp. 5.

Neverita albumen ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Indo-Pacific.

1165 A large pushed egg yolk. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1924, 1925. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5.

1166 Two of the above.

Nerita mamilla . The mother breast. Gmelin sp. 6.

Polinices mammilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific. Lichtenstein’s mamilla [sic] is a spelling mistake.

1167 Two entirely white with grooved whorl nerite. (elephant foot.) Elephant foot. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1922, 1923. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7.

1168 Two entirely smooth ones of the above, with elevated tip. Chemnitz at the same place [vol. 5, pl. 189,] figs. 1928, 1929. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 40, figs. 2, 3.

1169 Two of the above.

1170 Two stubby ones of the above.

1171 A rare one of the above, with fine bands, umbilicate and sharp cuts, from Ambon.

1172 Two ones of the above with yellow tips, one not umbilicate. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1930, 1931.

1173 An entirely yellow one of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1934, 1935. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4.

1174 A brown banded ones of the above. [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 189,] figs. 1932, 1933. Knorr vol. 4, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Nerita rufa . Brown nerite. Gmelin sp. 9.

Natica vitellus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Naticidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1175 Two banded nerites. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 187, figs. 1872–1875.

1176 Three different ones of the above. Rumphius pl. 22, fig. D.

Nerita fulminea . Flamed nerite. Gmelin sp. 10.

Natica fulminea (Gmelin, 1791) : Naticidae . SE Atlantic.

1177 Two nerites with yellow flash rays. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 187, figs. 1881–1884. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 4.

1178 Two of the above, with zigzags. Chemnitz [vol. 5, pl. 187,] figs. 1885, 1886.

1179 Two of the above, more line-like. [Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 187,] fig. 1895.

Nerita cruentata . Red speckled nerite. Gmelin sp. 13.

Natica fulminea (Gmelin, 1791) : Naticidae . SE Atlantic.

1181 Two different dotted nerites. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 187, figs. 1887–1890 & pl. 188, figs. 1900, 1901.

1182 Two of the above, different kind.

1183 Two of the above.

Nerita polita . The smooth nerite. Gmelin sp. 43.

Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 : Neritidae . Indo-Pacific.

1184 Two green and red banded and marbled nerites. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 193, figs. 2002, 2003. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 1,

fig. 4.

1185 Two of the above.

1186 A rare brown, black and white marbled nerite. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 193, figs. b, c.

1187 Two different ones of the above.

1188 Six small ones of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 193, figs. g, h.

1189 Two black and white snails. (Chameleon). Alp mountains. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 193, fig. 2001. Rumphius pl.

22, fig. I. D’Argenville pl. 7, fig. H.

1190 Two finely ribbed ones of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 192, figs. 1988, 1989.

Nerita peloronta . Bleeding tooth. Gmelin sp. 44.

Nerita peloronta Linnaeus, 1758 : Neritidae . Caribbean.

1191 Two bleeding teeth. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 192, figs. 1977–1979. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 2, fig. 2.

1192 Two of the above,

1193 A rare speckled nerite with black and white sticks, the aperture doubly serrated.

Nerita albicilla . The ox palate. Gmelin sp. 45.

Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 : Neritidae . Indo-Pacific.

1194 Two black and white nerites. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 193, figs. 2000a, b, d. Knorr vol. 65, pl. 13, fig. 4.

1195 Two different ones of the above.

1196 Four ones of the above, of the above.

Nerita histrio . The colorful nerite. Gmelin sp. 46.

Nerita maura Récluz, 1842 : Neritidae . Indian Ocean. Thomas E. Eichhorst (pers. comm.): “It should be Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758 . This is the senior synonym for the more commonly used Nerita squamulata Le Guillou, 1841 . .... The problem here is that Linnaeus referenced a illustration while nearly everyone who followed referenced illustrations by Chemnitz. The Chemnitz figures referenced here by Lichtenstein (1948, 1949) are the figures Récluz determined to be Nerita maura Récluz, 1842 . So that is probably the auction shell”.

1197 Two different ones of the above. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 190, figs. 1948, 1949. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 13, fig. 2.

1198 Two of the above, of the above.

Nerita grossa . The Kramet’s [?] boy. Gmelin sp. 48.

Nerita grossa Linnaeus, 1758 : Neritidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1199 Two black and yellow ribbed ones of the above. (Kramet’s [?] bird. Pig hedgehog). Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 191, figs. 1968, 1969. Nerita chamaeleon . The Chameleon. Gmelin sp. 49.

Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758 : Neritidae . Indo-Pacific. 1200 A reddish yellow and elevated granulated white cords, and again with the same fine ones of the above. Nerita textilis . Braided nerite. Gmelin sp. 53.

Nerita textilis Gmelin, 1791 : Neritidae . Indian Ocean. The Ambon locality my represent a rare relict population in Indonesia; see Eichhorst (2016) for discussion, including the Lichtenstein indication. 1201! A large black and white braided and serrated so far still unknown nerite of Ambon, with double aperture and finely serrated. (very rare.) Nerita pica . The eleventh. Gmelin sp. 57.

Nerita versicolor Gmelin, 1791 : Neritidae . Caribbean. 1202 Two corded elevenths, with double serrated aperture. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 191, figs. 1964, 1965. Nerita varia . Assorted halfmoon horns.

What seems to be a binomen, is here rather an indication of assorted nerites. The lack of a reference supports that interpretation. It cannot refer to Nerita varia Mörch, 1852 . See also below item 1279, Patella varia . 1203! A very rare high spired nerite, black with vertical somewhat curved white lines. Chemnitz vol. 9, pl. 124, fig. 1085. 1204 Two black strongly umbilicate stream nerites. 1205 Two different clean nerites, among which the sea hazel nut. 1206 Four clean multicolored nerites. 1207 Six different ones of the above. 1208 Six of the above snake furs, with clean paintings.

Genus 330. Haliotis . Sea Ear.

Haliotis midae . The giant ear. Gmelin sp. 1.

Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758 : Haliotidae . South Africa.

1209 A large wave-shaped giant ear, inside beautifully shiny and well preserved. Martini vol. 1, pl. 14, fig. 136 & pl. 15, fig. 141. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 20, fig. 3.

1210 One of the above, equally beautiful.

1211 One of the above, of the above.

Haliotis tuberculata . The knotty ear. Gmelin sp. 2.

Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 : Haliotidae . NE Atlantic, Mediterranean.

1212 A large orange colored sea ear. Martini vol. 1, pl. 16, fig. 149. D’Argenville pl. 3, fig. A.

1213 Two green and red marbled ones of the above. Martini [vol. 1, pl. 16,] fig. 148. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 17, figs. 2, 3.

1214 Two of the above.

1215 Two of the above.

1216 A large orange one of the above, entirely overgrown with barnacles.

1217 An entirely mother of pearl one of the above, ornamented with a red corals.

Haliotis striata . Striated sea ear. Gmelin sp. 3.

Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 : Haliotidae . NE Atlantic, Mediterranean.

1218 Two rust colored striated sea ears. Rumphius pl. 40, figs. G. H. Martini vol. 1, pl. 14, figs. 137, 138.

Haliotis asinina . Donkey’s ear. Gmelin sp. 6.

Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 : Haliotidae . Indo-Pacific.

1219 A long donkey’s ear, 4 inches. Rumphius pl. 40, figs. E, F. Martini vol. 1, pl. 16, fig. 150. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 15, fig. 1.

1220 Two smaller ones of the above.

Haliotis parva . Venus sea ear. Gmelin sp. 7.

Haliotis parva Linnaeus, 1758 : Haliotidae . South Africa.

1221 A small venus sea era, with elevated double row of openings. Martini vol. 1, pl. 14, fig. 140. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1222 Two large ones of the above, granulated and as with sand sprinkled, the inner walls are ornamented with multicolored mother of pearl, and has over the holes also a strongly depressed groove.

Haliotis bistriata . Colorful sea ear. Gmelin sp. 8.

Haliotis t. tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 , or H. tuberculata coccinea Reeve, 1846 : Haliotidae . NE Atlantic,

Mediterranean. See Geiger (1998b) for discussion.

1223 A green streaked sea ear. Martini vol. 1, pl. 15, fig. 142.

Haliotis imperforata . The most elongated arched sea ear. Gmelin sp. 11.

This could be a true imperforate abalone or a stomatellid or a Sinum (Naticidae) . Given the description of it being elongate, the interpretation as a stomatellid is most likely.

1224! A rare unperforated sea ear with fine thorn ribs and prominent whorl. Chemnitz vol. 10, pl. 166, figs. 1000, 1001 [should read 1600–1601].

Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779 : Trochidae . Malayan Archipelago, Western Pacific.

Haliotis gigantea . The rare giant ear. Gmelin sp. 18.

Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791 : Haliotidae . NW Pacific. Most likely misidentified given the provenance of lot 1225 from New South Wales.

1225! A rare brick shaped sea ear, with 7 open holes, from New South Wales, long 4 inches, wide 2 3/ 4 inches. Chemnitz vol. 10, fig. 167, fig. 1610, 1611.

Most likely Haliotis rubra Leach, 1814 : Haliotidae . Malayan Archipelago.

Haliotis iris . The rainbow sea ear. Gmelin sp. 19.

Haliotis iris Gmelin, 1791 : Haliotidae . New Zealand.

1226!! A large South Sea rainbow colored sea ear, with fine natural green and brown banded upper cover, this exquisite piece is [similar to] Chemnitz vol. 10, p. 318. Equally impossible to describe the beauty of the color mixture, as expressed by the brush of the painter on plate 167, figs. 1612, 1613, The size is 5 inches long, and 3 1/ 2 inches wide, and distinguishes itself also in that it has 7 open holes, see Thomas Martyn vol. 2, pl. 61, fig. A, A.

1227!! One of the above somewhat smaller, whose upper cover undressed, cleanly polished, and so by that the inimitable color ornament gives the eye an entirely delightful appearance.

1228! Haliotis clathrata , by us [= new species].

An abalone with an oval shell bearing longitudinal strings and transverse tubercles of various colors. The disc is perforated longitudinally with only 5 holes, of which the last one is 7/ 8 inches away from the external canal of the aperture. The outer lip is deeply serrated. The surface of the shell is covered in granulated and fingernail-like tubercles. Lives in Australia in the Bay of Botany. A so far still unknown abalone [literally: sea ear] from Botany Bay, this snail is similar to the previous in its inner wall in respect to shine and beauty, and because it is reticulated, therefore, shows so to speak different closely adjacent stings of pearls, of delightful colors, by which they are in no way inferior to the pigeon neck and the peacock-tail glitter of the first one, the shell has 5 open holes, and it differs from all others of this genus that these do not extend to the end of the outer apertural canal, but the last largest is 7/ 8 inches therefrom away; the outer lip is serrated with strong incisions, the under side shows the nicest nacreous shine, on the surface elevated strings of pearls lay together, which are composed of hollow tiles or fingernails, (exceedingly rare.)

Haliotis elegans Philippi, 1844 : Haliotidae . Indian Ocean. Haliotis clathrata Lichtenstein, 1794 , (non

Reeve, 1846) has been suppressed under ICZN Opinion 1950 following Case 3036 ( Geiger & Stewart,

1998).

1229! A very rare so-called monkey ear. Rumphius pl. 40, fig. N.

Dolabella auricularia ([Lightfoot], 1786): Aplysiidae . Indo-West Pacific.

1230! One of the above, equally beautiful.

Genus 331. Patella . Cliff sticker.

Patella equestris . Fisher’s wife bonnet. Gmelin sp. 1.

Cheilea equestris ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Hipponicidae . Caribbean, SW Atlantic, SE Pacific.

1231 A small white tiered fisher’s wife bonnet. D’Argenville pl. 2. fig. S. Martini vol. 1, pl. 13, figs. 125, 126. Knorr vol. 6, pl. 35, figs. 4, 5.

1232 A large white Orlamian ribbed and curved one of the above. Rumphius pl. 40, figs. P, Q. Martini vol. 1, pl. 13, figs. 119, 120.