Enterolobium Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl.): 116. 1837.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06B7E9B3-2D15-DB41-3DC0-7382C0FE169B
treatment provided by	PhytoKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Enterolobium Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl.): 116. 1837.
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Enterolobium Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl.): 116. 1837. View in CoL

Figs 257 View Figure 257 , 258 View Figure 258 , 259 View Figure 259 , 260 View Figure 260 , 261 View Figure 261 , 263 View Figure 263

Type.

Enterolobium timbouva Mart.

Description.

Medium to large trees to 40 m with large rounded spreading crown, unarmed, bark dark grey or brown, smooth or with lenticels. Stipules absent or small and mostly caducous. Leaves bipinnate, petiole canaliculate or angular, rachis with a pallid indumentum, petiolar nectaries present, additional nectaries sometimes on the leaf rachis and rachillae, usually sessile, globose, transversely elliptic, elliptical-oval to patelliform, paraphyllidia present or absent; pinnae 4-14 pairs; leaflets 4-20 (30) pairs per pinna, symmetrical or asymmetrical, oblong to linear-falcate, both sides glabrous or pilose, venation conspicuous on both sides, palmate, palmate-pinnate, rarely dimidiate-palmate. Inflorescences pedunculate globose capitula, in fascicles or aggregated into pseudoracemes, homomorphic or heteromorphic. Flowers 5-merous, white, sessile to pedicellate, calyx and corolla tubular or campanulate, petals and sepals outside with a pallid, puberulent, rarely sericeous, strigose-pilose indumentum or glabrous; stamens 20-68 per flower, monadelphous, staminal tube included or exserted, intrastaminal disc usually absent, anthers dorsifixed, longitudinal; pollen shed in 16- or 32-celled flat disk-shaped polyads; ovary at anthesis glabrous, pubescent after fertilization. Fruits reniform-auriculiform or annular, rarely contorted, thick coriaceous with a septate papery endocarp, an either dry-mealy or resinous-pulpy mesocarp, and a glabrous or pilose thin exocarp with smooth surface. Seeds uniseriate or biseriate, ovoid, ellipsoid or obovoid, pleurogram present or absent, fissure line present or absent.

Chromosome number.

2 n = 26 ( Rice et al. 2015).

Included species and geographic distribution.

Eight species, from southern Mexico and the Greater Antilles to northern Argentina ( Mesquita 1990; Lewis and Rico Arce 2005; Souza et al. 2022b), with Venezuela and Brazil the centres of diversity (Fig. 263 View Figure 263 ).

Ecology.

Lowland and submontane tropical rainforests in Amazonia (especially Venezuela and Brazil) and the Atlantic forest of Brazil, in semi-deciduous and seasonally dry tropical forests from southern Mexico and the Greater Antilles to northern Colombia and in southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, as well as in the Brazilian Caatinga and Cerrado biomes.

Etymology.

From Greek, entero (= intestine) and lobion (= pod), referring to either the shape or contents of the fruit.

Human uses.

The timber of several species is used for high quality furniture, cabinet work, joinery, panelling, veneers and water resistant construction. Also often planted as shade trees, ornamentals or for pasture improvement and livestock fodder (although the fruits of some species are toxic to cattle). Further uses include for fibre (paper), gum extraction and the bark is used as a soap substitute and medicinally (Lewis and Rico Arce 2005).

Notes.

Enterolobium was described by Martius (1837), based on the type species E. timbouva . Until recently, it was considered a genus with 11 species in two sections: sect. Enterolobium with eight species and sect. Enterolobium Robrichia Barneby & J.W. Grimes with three species. However, following phylogenetic results of Souza et al. (2022b) (confirmed by Ringelberg et al. 2022), the latter section was elevated to genus level by Souza et al. (2022b). That genus, Robrichia (Barneby & J.W. Grimes) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza, is sister to the recently described Osodendron ( Koenen 2022b) in the Inga clade, while section Osodendron Enterolobium is the sister-clade of Albizia s.s. ( Koenen et al. 2020a; Ringelberg et al. 2022). The fruits of Robrichia are similar to those of Enterolobium but are typically helicoid or contorted while those of Enterolobium are usually reniform-auriculiform or annular (Fig. 260I, J View Figure 260 ), and only rarely contorted. Robrichia also differs from Enterolobium in its ferruginous rather than pallid indumentum, more numerous pairs of pinnae and leaflets, flowers with more numerous stamens, and a tomentose rather than glabrous ovary ( Souza et al. 2022b).