Drosera intermedia Hayne

Gonella, Paulo Minatel, Sano, Paulo Takeo, Rivadavia, Fernando & Fleischmann, Andreas, 2022, A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 553 (1), pp. 1-76 : 47-48

17. Drosera intermedia Hayne in Dreves & Hayne (1798: 18). Figures 4f, 17d–f

Lectotype (designated by Fleischmann & Gonella 2020: 156):—[ GERMANY. Hamburg.] Vom Eppendorfer Moor bey Hamburg [from the Eppendorf bog near Hamburg], s.d. [1797], Hayne s.n. (M-0244240!).

= Drosera americana Willdenow (1809: 340) .

≡ Drosera intermedia var. americana (Willd.) De Candolle (1824: 318) .

Type: — Habitat in America boreali, s.d., Kinn s.n. (holotype B-W06261-010!) .

= Drosera foliosa Elliott (1817: 376) [auct. non Drosera foliosa Hook. f. ex Planchon (1848: 298) ]

Type: — USA. South Carolina: Chesterfield Co., s.d., Macbride s.n. [holotype CHARL-BY2508 pro-parte (specimen at the bottom right) image!] .

= Drosera intermedia f. elatior Planchon (1848: 199) .

Lectotype (designated here):— GUYANA. Demerara, s.d., Dr. Hancock 63 (K!—ex herb. Hookerianum).

= Drosera capillaris var. brasiliensis Diels (1906: 87) .

Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Sitio de Paulistas , s.d., Saint-Hilaire B 2-204bis (P-00749146!; isolectotype P-00749160!).

Synonyms from Europe not listed here (see Material and Methods).

Perennial, acaulescent or forming slender flexible stems with long internodes sparsely covered by marcescent leaves in semi-aquatic habitats. Leaves semi-erect, with geniculate-involute vernation, glabrous (sparsely covered only by microscopic sessile glands), distinctly petiolate, spatulate, with narrow long petioles (at least 3 times longer that the lamina) and narrowly obovate lamina; stipules rectangular in outline, divided into several laciniae from near the base. Scape with base ascending; scapes, pedicels and sepals glabrous (covered only by sparse microscopic sessile glands, not visible to the naked eye); petals white; gynoecium 3-carpelate, styles bifurcated at the base. Seeds ovoid, testa papillose, papillae randomly distributed.

Illustrations: —Eichler (1872: t. 90, fig. II pro parte: habit illustrated on the right and all details except 2, 2II and 4, these refer to D. communis ); Diels (1906: 12, figs. 4A, B—leaf vernation and stipules; 44, figs. 46F–J—seeds); Hamet (1907: t. II, figs. 3, 4, 6—seeds); Duno de Stefan & Culham [1998: 701, fig. 552—habit (the roots incorrectly depicted) and leaf].

Distribution: —Widely distributed in central and western Europe, western Africa ( Liberia), and Americas: Canada, United States, Cuba, Venezuela, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil (North: AP, RR; Northeast: BA; Southeast: ES, RJ; Fig. 4f). It is here first recorded from Northern Brazil in the states of Amapá and Roraima and from the state of Espírito Santo, in Southeastern Brazil.

Habitat: —In Brazil, D. intermedia occurs in coastal wet areas of restinga vegetation just above sea level, and in open wet lowland savannas in the Northern Amazon, in sandy and/or peaty soils.

Phenology:— Specimens of D. intermedia were collected with flowers in the Brazilian territory in March, June, July, August, November and December, suggesting somewhat continuous flowering throughout the year.

Conservation status: —Least Concern (LC). Drosera intermedia is widely distributed and found in dense populations ( Brazil: AOO= 56 km 2, EOO= 2,039,258 km 2; global: AOO= 2,436 km 2, EOO= 62,232,609 km 2). In Brazil, the species occurs in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park (RJ) and the State Parks of Itaúnas and Paulo César Vinha (ES; Gonella et al. 2022).

Notes: — Drosera intermedia is distinguished from all other Brazilian species by the leaves, scapes and sepals entirely glabrous (only covered by sessile glands), and by seeds with papillae distributed randomly. The reproductive morphology is very similar to that of D. capillaris , which also possess glabrous scape and sepals, similar sepals, and papillose seed testa, however, with papillae arranged in rows. Drosera intermedia is further distinguished from D. capillaris by petiole that are at least 3 times longer than the lamina (Fig. 17e; vs. petioles usually up to twice the lamina length), not winged (vs. winged), the narrowly obovate lamina (vs. suborbicular to obovate), and scape base ascending (Fig. 17e; vs. erect).

Following Saint-Hilaire (1826), the specimen Saint-Hilaire B2-201bis (type of D. capillaris var. brasiliensis ) is here identified as D. intermedia . Thus, D. capillaris var. brasiliensis is here placed under synonymy of D. intermedia , and not D. capillaris , as done by Correa & Silva (2005) (see more under D. capillaris ). Diels (1906) selected the specimen Saint-Hilaire B2-204bis as type (“ Original der Art ”) of D. capillaris var. brasiliensis , but two duplicates of this specimen are found at Paris herbarium, making it necessary to select a lectotype. The specimen P-00749146 is here selected as it is the most complete specimen among the duplicates.

Drosera intermedia f. elatior was described by Planchon (1848) based on many different specimens (syntypes). The specimen Dr. Hancock 63 (K) is here selected as the lectotype, as it contains complete specimens matching the taxon diagnosis by Planchon (1848). The name was incorrectly placed in the rank of variety ( D. intermedia var. elatior ) by Eichler (1982), which was followed by subsequent works, being corrected here.

Representative specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amapá: Inselberg Talouaken — Massif des Tumuc-Humac, 14 August 1993, Grainville et al. 12290 (US), Grainville et al. 12291 (P, US). Bahia: Porto Seguro, estrada para Cabrália, 26 March 2005, Rivadavia 1968 ( SPF) . Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas , 24 August 2002, Pereira et al. 6997 ( VIES) . Vitória, área da C.V. R.D., lagoas artificiais, 15 August 2007, Pereira & Lübe 7517 ( VIES) . Rio de Janeiro: In Sümpfen bei [in bogs near] Cabo Frio, 29 October 1899, Ule s.n. ( HBG) ; Carapebus, Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, 18 November 2000, Rivadavia-Lopes 1212 ( SPF) ; Restinga de Carapebus, Praia de Carapebus, 14 September 1995, Santos et al. 441 ( RB) . Roraima: Uiramutã, Balneário Paiuá, 27 December 2000, Kinupp 1518 ( INPA) .