Tephritis formosa ( Loew 1844 )

Korneyev, Severyn V. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2019, Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots, Zootaxa 4584 (1), pp. 1-73 : 27-30

Tephritis formosa ( Loew 1844)

( Figs 2g ; 13 )

Trypeta formosa Loew 1844: 388 ;

Tephritis formosa Schiner 1858: 675 ; 1864: 161; Loew 1862: 99; Rondani 1871: 15; Becker 1905: 138; Hendel 1927: 187; Séguy 1934: 159; Drensky 1943: 114; Mihályi 1960: 63; Richter 1970: 164; Foote 1984: 129; White 1988: 51; Merz 1993: 117; 1994: 69; 2001b: 94; Norrbom et al. 1999: 216; Kütük & Özgür 2003: 246; Baugnée 2006: 87; Smit 2010: 112.

Type material: Lectotype ♀ [ Germany or Poland] (Coll. H. Loew) (examined, Fig. 13a ) (MNKB) (marked by B. Merz in 1991, designated here).

Non-type material: Andorra: Sant Julià de Lòria [42.47°N, 1.49°E], 1000 m, 10– 20.07.1979, 1♂ (J. B. Wolschrijn) ( RMNH) ; Armenia: “Kirovakan” [= Vanadzor ], forest edge [40.81°N, 44.46°E], 24.07.1959, 1♂ (V. Richter) ( ZISP) ; Azerbaijan: “ Margushevan near Terter ” [40.33°N, 46.85°E], 8– 15.06.1935 1♂, 1♀ (Veltishchev); Gandza (Elisavetpol), 17–24. 0 4.1909, 1♂ ( ZISP) ; Belgium: “prov. Antwerpen ”, 15.05.1997, 1♀ ( RMNH) ; Czech Republic: Bohemia, Kundratice [50.58°N, 15.435°E], 1♀ (Kowarz det.) ( ZISP) ; France: “ Corsica ”, 1♀ (Mann) (Coll. H. Loew) ( MNKB) ; “ Korsika, 49980, 54696, 55315”, 04–06.18??, 6♂, 3♀ (Becker) ( MNKB) ; Hte. Savoie, Bossy / Frangy , 22.07.1990, 1♂; 27.07.1990, 1♀ (J. Steffen) ( ZSSM) ; Georgia: Lagodekhi, Zakatak near Tbilisi, 19.06.1913, 1♂, 1♀ (Mlokospov) ( ZISP) ; Batumi , 6.06.1981, 1♂ (Antropov) ( SIZK) ; Germany: Jfeld , S-Harz, 16.08.1914, 1♂ (Duda) ( MNKB) ; Bavaria, Krs. Kelheim, Muhlhansen , 1.07.1966, 1♀ (Necker) ( ZSSM) ; Bavaria, Kr. Regensburg , 23.08.1974, 1♂ (Necker) ( ZSSM) ; Pr. Ober-Bayern, Munchen-Nymphenburg , 520 m, 23.08.1974, 1♀ (W. Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Schongeising b. Furstenfeldbruck , 570 m, 24.11.1974, 1♂ (W. Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Munchen, Obermenzing , ZSM-Gelande, 23.06.1991, 1♂; 30.06.1991, 1♂ (W. Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Ober-Bayern, STA, Seefelder, Wald bei, Etterschlag , Goldrute , 23.08.2003, 1♂, 1♀ (W. Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Ober-Bayern, FFB, Schongeising, 550 m, Goldrute , 24.08.2003, 1♂ (W. Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Greece: Kerkyra [39.62°N, 19.8°E], 16– 30.05.1971, 1♂, 2♀ (B. van Aartsen) ( RMNH) ( ZSSM) ; Kreta, 5 km, W Lim. Chersonnissos [35.28°N, 25.36°E], 3.04.1985, 1♀; 4.04.1985, 1♂; 5.04.1985 1♀ (Clauβen) ( ZSSM) ; NE Kreta, Gebirge , ca. 2 km S Chersonnissos, 100–200 m, 3.04.1986, 1♀ (Clauβen) ( ZSSM) ; Kreta, Omalos, nordl. Wald, N. Chanion [35.39°N, 23.91°E], 1100 m, 9.08.1986, 1♂ (W. Ruckdeschel) ( ZSSM) ; Ioanina, Konitsa [40.03°N, 20.74°E], 800 m, Malaise, 6.05.1996, 1♂ (J. Dils) ( RMNH) ; Trikala, Pertouli, 1100 m, 22,5 km W. Trikala [39.56°N, 21.62°E], 20.06.1998, 1♂ (M. J. Gijswijt) ( RMNH) ; Sterea, prov. Fokida, Chryso 10 km SE Amfissa Village, 250 m, 38.48°N, 22.46°E, 20.04.2003, 1♂, 1♀ (C. Lange & J. Ziegler) ( MNKB) ; Igoumenitsa [39.51°N 20.26°E], h= 0–10 m, 13.06.2002, 1♀ (S. & V.Korneyev, E. Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Ioannina, Monodendri, Vikos ravine [39.89°N, 20.76°E], h= 1060 m, 14.06.2002, 1♂ (S. & V.Korneyev, Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Metsovo , h= 1200–1500 m, 39.78°N, 21.18°E, 15.06.2002, 2♂ (S. & V.Korneyev, Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Iran: East Azerbaijan: Arasbaran , 38.86°N, 46.84°E, h= 1997m, 23.06.2014, 2♂, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev); Gilan: E of Namin, 38.41°N, 48.57°E, h= 1520m, 5.07.2014, 2♂ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Qazvin: 36.36°N, 50.06°E, h= 1500m, wetland at waterfall, 7.06.2014, 1♂; valley N of Alamut pass, 36.40°N, 50.225°E, h= 1940m, 10.06.2014, 1♂ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Italy: Montferrat [45°N, 8°E], 1♂, 1♀ (Kiesenwetter leg.; Coll. H. Loew) ( MNKB) ; Lavagna [44.31°, 9.35°E], 6.07.1962, 1♀ (W. Grunwaldt) ( ZSSM) ; Poland: “ Schlesien, Nimptsch” [= Niemcza , 50.72°N, 16.84°E], 5.05.1908, 1♂; 25.04.1910, 1♂; 13.08.1910, 1♂; 12.06.1911, 1♂ (Duda); “Pangelberg bei Nimptsch” [= Niemcza, 50.72°N, 16.84°E], 8.10.1912, 1♀ ( MNKB) ; “Kaltwasser” [= Zimna Wódka , 50.435°N, 18.32°E], 11.06.18 ??, 1♀ (Becker) ( MNKB) ; Spain: “2526” “ Lusitan. [ia]? / Andalus. [ia]”, 1 specimen [abdomen lacking] (Staudinger) ( MNKB) ; Algeciras , Andalusien [36.14°N, 5.47°W], 14.03.1???, 1♂ (G. Strobl) ( MNKB) ; Valencia, Benisa [38.72°N, 0.06°E], 23.05.1981, 1♀ (B. van Aartsen) ( RMNH) ; Serbia: “ S. Ungarn, 61579” [= Deliblato , 44.87°N, 21.06°E], 05.1???, 1♂ (Becker) ( MNKB) ; Switzerland: Ticino: 950 m, Roncapiano [45.92°N, 9.04°E], coll. 5.07.1989, em. 24.07.1989, 2♂, 2♀ (Merz) ( ZISP) ; Turkey: Kuşadası [37.89°N, 27.28°E], 10– 16.04.1974, 1♀ (W. H. Gravestein & S. J. van Ooststroom) ( RMNH) ; Ukraine: Transcarpathian Region: Beregove distr., Muzhievo [48.18°N, 22.70°E], 30.07.1957, 1♂, 1♀ ( SIZK) ; Chernivtsi Region: Kitsman distr., Stavchany [48.51°N, 25.67°E], 25.07.1959, 1♂ ( SIZK) ; Crimea, southern coast: Alushta , 17.05.1900, 1♂ (Kuznetsov); Crimea, near Simferopol, 15.07.1899, 2♀; 21.07.1899, 1♀ (Bazhenov) ( ZISP) .

Diagnosis. Tephritis formosa is a grey microtrichose, medium sized species (wing length 3.1–4.2 mm), which can be easily separated from other Tephritis species by the following combination of characters: wing with extensively developed dark brown pattern extending into anal cell and anal lobe, 2 dark spots at the apices of R 4+5 and M veins isolated from the remaining wing pattern; cell r 1 with 3 hyaline spots distal of apex of vein R 1, no large hyaline spot in r 2+3 basal of r-m; the large hyaline spots in r 1 and r 2+3 widely confluent to form bold V-shaped mark, hyaline spots proximal and distal of crossvein r-m small, isolated, often yellow and inconspicuous; cells dm and cua mostly brown, with dark pattern reaching vein Cu 2 + A 1; abdominal tergites dark brown, white setulose and setose; oviscape brown setose without white setae; aculeus poorly sclerotized basally, apically narrowed into blunt, simple, slightly rounded tip ( Fig. 13c – d ).

Tephritis formosa is very similar to T. theryi in having a widely developed dark pattern extending into anal lobe, differing from it by having hyaline spots in cell r 2+3 anterior of crossvein r-m (in T. theryi , cell r 2+3 entirely brown except the very base and apex). Tephritis formosa shares the dark, mottled wing pattern with numerous isolated yellow dots and dark area in cell cua not restricted to the medial one-third with T. kovalevi , readily differing from it by the absence of hyaline spot in cell r 2+3 basally of r-m level (in T. kovalevi , cell r 2+3 with additional large hyaline spot) and dark pattern exceeding the longitudinal fold of cell cua into posterior half, anal cell and anal lobe (in T. kovalevi , dark wing pattern in cua, anal cell and anal vein mostly lacking and not widely connected to remaining dark pattern).

Description. Head, thorax and legs: as described for T. dilacerata . Hind femur and tibia often brownish yellow.

Wing ( Fig. 13b ): Pattern dark brown to black, with 2 spots at apices of veins R 4+5 and M isolated from remaining dark pattern, as described for T. dilacerata , except as follows. Pterostigma dark brown to black with yellow spot, in 5% of examined specimens with additional yellow spot on one or both wings. Cell r 2+3 with hyaline base, posterior to pterostigma brown, with 0–10 small yellowish or hyaline dots, but no hyaline spot proximal of rm level, 1 rounded or trapezoid hyaline spot distal of r-m level and preapical brown area with 3–6 yellowish dots and hyaline spot posterior of vein R 1 apex. Cell br hyaline in basal half and dark brown in apical half, usually with 2, rarely 3 small, round, isolated hyaline spots. Crossvein r-m with 4–6 separate or, in 50% of specimens, partly confluent hyaline or yellowish dots on both sides of it in cells br and r 4+5. Cell r 4+5 at dm-cu level with round separate spot adjacent to vein M and 0–2 small spots anterior of it. Medium one-third of cell r 4+5 brown with 5–10 round hyaline dots; apex of cell r 4+5 almost hyaline with triangular isolated apical dark spots on R 4+5 and M veins. Dark spot on vein M apex larger than spot on vein R 4+5 and in 5% of specimens narrowly fused to remaining dark pattern along vein M. Cell dm dark except hyaline basal 1/6 with hyaline basal quarter, distal dark part of cell with 5–15 predominantly small hyaline spots and larger hyaline pear-like spot at r-m level; cell apex brown with 3–6 tiny hyaline dots. Cell m pattern variable with numerous spots and dots of irregular shape, either entirely isolated or partly fused. Cell cu almost entirely brown with isolated spots partly fused in apical half; dark pattern widely extended into anal cell and anal lobe. Cells bm, bcu and alula hyaline.

Abdomen: Abdominal tergites black, rarely with posterior margins narrowly white; moderately white microtrichose, white setulose and setose; male tergite 5 and female tergites 5 and 6 with black marginal setae. Abdominal pleura matt black or grey.

Terminalia: Male. Epandrium and phallus as in T. dilacerata ( Figs 13g – h ). Female. Oviscape as long as 2 last abdominal tergites combined, shining black, brown setulose. Eversible membrane with 2 pairs of taeniae 0.35 × as long as membrane itself; whole surface of membrane posterior of taeniae with small scales of equal size ( Fig. 13e ). Aculeus 5 × as long as wide, with rounded apex ( Figs 13c – d ). 2 long and narrow, papillose spermathecae 7.5–8 × as long as wide ( Fig. 13f ).

Measurements. Female. BL= 4.8–5.4 mm (n=5); WL= 3.7–4.2 mm, C2= 0.8–1 mm; AL= 0.9–1 mm; AL/ C2=0.90–1.0. Male. BL= 4.2–4.6 mm (n=5); WL=3.4–4.0 mm (n=10).

Host plants. Sonchus asper , S. oleraceus , S. arvensis ( Merz 1994) .

Distribution. Albania ( Merz & Korneyev 2004); Andorra; Armenia (first record); Austria ( Schiner 1864); Azerbaijan (first record); Belgium; Bulgaria ( Drensky 1943); Croatia ( Bjeliš 2007); Czech Republic ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009); France ( Séguy 1934); Georgia (first record); Germany ( Merz 1999a); Great Britain ( White; 1988); Greece; Hungary ( Merz 2001 a); Iran (Zarghani et al. 2010); (Mohamadzade Namin & Korneyev 2018); Italy ( Belcari et al. 1995); Moldova ( Merz & Korneyev; 2004); the Netherlands ( Smit 2010); Poland; Romania ( Merz & Korneyev 2004); Slovakia ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009); Spain ( Merz 2001 b); Switzerland ( Merz 1994); Turkey ( Kütük 2006; Koçak & Kemal 2009); Ukraine ( Richter 1970; Korneyev & Klasa 2016).

Remarks. Analysis of COI sequences (S. Korneyev unpublished data) shows that T. formosa from Iran has some differences from T. formosa collected in Western Europe.

Figures

FIGURES 2a–h. Tephritis, spp. wings: a—T. valida; b—T. kogardtauica; c—T. dilacerata dilacerata; d—T. dilacerata kaszabi; e—T. kovalevi kovalevi; f—T. kovalevi kumana; g—T. formosa; h—T. youngiana. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 13a–h. Tephritis formosa: a—habitus (lectotype) ♀; b—wing; c—tip of aculeus, ventral view; d—aculeus, ventral view; e—eversible membrane, ventral view; f—spermathecae; g—glans of phallus, lateral; h—epandrium, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm.