Tephritis, Latreille, 1804

Korneyev, Severyn V. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2019, Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots, Zootaxa 4584 (1), pp. 1-73 : 6-7

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4584.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7ACD7181-C5D9-4C05-8060-6725C3358C56

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/084E1818-FF9A-693E-FF39-88F1FA1FF82F

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Tephritis
status

 

Key to the species of Tephritis View in CoL with a pair of isolated apical spots on wing

1. Wing with 2 dark spots on apices of veins R 4+5 and M, both or rarely 1 of the spots isolated from remaining wing pattern and each other........................................................................................... 2

– Wing with dark areas on apices of veins R 4+5 and M connected to each other forming 2 dark rays (“apical fork”, joined basally to remaining dark pattern), or a mushroom–like apical spot joined basally to remaining dark pattern, or an entire crossband covering apices of R 4+5 and M........................................................... other Tephritis View in CoL species

2. Wing pattern with no large hyaline spot(s) in cell r 2+3 at level of crossvein r-m (at most 1 dot or small spot present). ( Figs 1h View FIGURES 1 ; 3 2 View FIGURES 3 ). WL = 3.8. Morocco.......................................................................... T. theryi View in CoL

– Wing pattern with 1–3 hyaline spots in cell r 2+3 at level of crossvein r-m........................................... 3

3. Wing pattern with single hyaline spot in cell r 2+3 between level of crossveins r-m and dm-m, usually triangular (sometimes additional hyaline dots or small spots proximal and distal of r-m, narrower than half of cell width). WL = 3.5–4.2; AL = 0.9–1 mm. ( Figs 2g View FIGURES 2 ; 13 View FIGURES 13 ). In flower heads of Sonchus asper View in CoL , S. oleraceus View in CoL , S. arvensis View in CoL .............................. T. formosa View in CoL

– Wing pattern with 2–3 large partly merged hyaline spots in cell r 2+3 on level of crossvein r-m (as on figs 1 a–g; 2a–f, h; 3a–h)..................................................................................................... 4

4. Wing with preapical dark area narrow, crossband-like, isolated from remaining wing pattern, narrower than or as wide as hyaline area basal of it. Vein CuA 1 with irregular brown band along basal half of cell cu. Crossvein r-m surrounded by entirely hyaline area. WL = 4.5–5.6 mm; ( Figs 1g View FIGURES 1 ; 28–30 View FIGURES 28 View FIGURES 29 View FIGURE 30 ). In flower heads of Onopordum acanthium View in CoL , O. illiricum ........ T. postica View in CoL

– Preapical dark area wide, usually fused with remainig wing pattern or at least wider than hyaline area basal of it. Wing pattern much darker and more extensive. Not in Onopordum View in CoL spp..................................................... 5

5. Pterostigma entirely dark, without hyaline spots ( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1 c–d, g–h; 2 a–b; 3 f; 14 c–d; 20 a–d; 26 a–b; 33 a, g–h; 36 a)..... 6

– Pterostigma with 1 or 2 hyaline spots ( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1 a–b, e–f; 2 c–h; 3 a–e, g–h; 4 a–b; 5 c–f; 7 a; 8 a; 9 a–d; 11 b–c; 16 a; 17 a–h; 18 a–b; 22 a–e; 24 a; 31 a–b; 35 a; 37 c–f; 40 a–b; e–f)......................................................... 10

6. Posterior half of wing with brown markings separated by irregular hyaline spots and not forming 3 dark crossbands ( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1 c–d, 2a–b).............................................................................................. 7

– Posterior half of wing with dark areas forming 3 wide brown crossbands sepatated by 2 entire elongate hyaline indentations from vein R 4+5 to posterior margin of wing forming brown M-shaped mark ( Figs 3f View FIGURES 3 , 33a View FIGURES 33 , g–h). In flower heads of Jurinea View in CoL . Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan.................................................................... T. tridentata View in CoL

7. Middle of cell dm with very pale brownish- or greyish yellow bars; cell cu with 3 separate pale brown or grey bars ( Figs 2 View FIGURES 2 ab). Larger species, WL ♂ ± 4.8, WL ♀ ± 5.3. Oviscape longer: at least as long as tergites 4–6 combined, AL> 2 mm. Associated with Inula View in CoL ............................................................................................ 8

– Middle of cell dm with dark brown pattern extending from pterostigma into basal half of cell cu and usually into anal cell ( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1 c–d). Smaller species, WL ♂ Ĺ 4.8, WL ♀ Ĺ 5.3. Oviscape shorter: at most as long as tergites 3–6 combined, AL<2 mm. Associated with Cousinia View in CoL thistles............................................................................ 9

8. Wing pattern pale yellowish grey to pale brown, blurry; subbasal hyaline spot in cell r 4+5 subrectangular, not constricted medially ( Figs 2b View FIGURES 2 ; 20–21 View FIGURES 20 View FIGURES 21 ). Oviscape as long as 4 posteriormost abdominal tergites. Aculeus <6 × as long as wide, with gradually narrowed tip. WL = 5.1–6.2 mm; AL = 2.1 mm. In flower heads of Inula macrophylla View in CoL and I. stenocalathia View in CoL . Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan................................................. T. kogardtauica View in CoL

– Wing pattern brown to dark brown on apical half; subbasal hyaline spot in cell r 4+5 constricted medially into pear-, 8-shaped spot or 2 separate spots ( Figs 2a View FIGURES 2 ; 36a, f View FIGURES 36 ). Oviscape as long as abdomen. Aculeus> 6 × as long as wide, with truncated tip ( Figs 36 View FIGURES 36 b–c, g–h). WL = 5.8–6.9 mm; AL = 2.75 mm. In flower heads of Inula helenium View in CoL . Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Moldova, Romania, Russia (North Caucasus), Turkey, Ukraine............................................... T. valida View in CoL

9. Oviscape yellow to orange-yellow, at most as long as abdominal tergites 3–6 combined; aculeus <4.5 (3.9–4.1) times as long as wide and sharply tapering to its apex, approximately as long as costal cell (1.3> AL/C2> 0.9); abdominal tergites 1–3 of males usually widely orange-yellow ( Figs 1c; 1 4–1 5 View FIGURES 1 View FIGURES 2 View FIGURES 3 View FIGURES 4 View FIGURES 5 ). Southern Kazakhstan, southern Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. WL = 4.2–5.3; AL = 1.4 mm .............................................................. T. ghissarica

– Oviscape reddish brown to black, at least as long as abdominal tergites 4–6 combined; aculeus>5 (5.2–5.5) × as long as wide, gradually tapering to the tip and conspicuosly longer than costal cell (1.67> AL/C2> 1.2); abdominal tergites of males usually entrely black. WL = 4.2–5.3; AL = 1.8 mm ( Figs 1d View FIGURES 1 ; 2 6–2 7 View FIGURES 2 View FIGURES 3 View FIGURES 4 View FIGURES 5 View FIGURES 6 View FIGURES 7 ). Kyrgyzstan............................... T. kyrghyzica

10. Anal lobe with dark pattern ( Figs 3 a View FIGURES 3 , c–e, g–h)............................................................ 11

– Anal lobe hyaline, at most anal cell with 1 dark spot ( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1 a–b, e, f; 2 c–f, h; 3 b, f).............................. 17

11. Pterostigma with 2 hyaline dots ( Fig. 3a, e View FIGURES 3 )............................................................... 12

– Pterostigma with 1 hyaline dot ( Figs 3 View FIGURES 3 c–d, g–h)........................................................... 13

12. Abdominal tergites white setulose, without black setulae on disc; aculeus tip with deep incision ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 35 ). WL = 4.3–4.8 mm. In flower heads of Leontodon tenuiflorus View in CoL , L. incanus View in CoL , L. crispus View in CoL ......................................... T. truncata View in CoL

– Abdominal tergites black setulose, only some marginal setae white; aculeus tip rounded ( Fig. 3e View FIGURES 3 ). WL = 3.9–4.4 mm. In flower heads of Hieracium View in CoL spp. Europe, Caucasus, Northern Iran, North Africa. T. ruralis View in CoL (aberrant individuals only, less than 1% of specimens)

13. Abdominal tergites black setulose, only marginal setae sometimes white. Aculeus tip with no significant incision ( Fig. 4d View FIGURES 4 ). 14

– Abdominal tergites white setulose, without black setulae on disc. Aculeus tip shallowly incised ( Figs 7c View FIGURES 7 , 8c View FIGURES 8 )............ 16

14. Posterior orbital and posterior notopleural setae black. Aculeus tip without incision. In flower heads and stem galls on peduncles of Arnica View in CoL and Doronicum View in CoL spp. Europe (North; Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Balkans).............................................................................. T. arnicae View in CoL (aberrant individuals only, less than 5% of specimens)

– Posterior orbital and posterior notopleural setae white. Other characters variable................................... 15

15. Crossvein r-m surrounded by large hyaline bars fused to the hyaline spots anterior and posterior of it ( Figs 3 View FIGURES 3 c–d; 4). WL = 4.0– 4.7 mm; AL = 1.05–1.20 mm. In flower heads of Doronicum View in CoL . Armenia, Iran................................ T. arsenii

– Crossvein r-m surrounded by 4 isolated hyaline spots (rarely, at most 2 of them fused with each other, as on Fig. 3e View FIGURES 3 ). WL = 3.9–4.4 mm. In flower heads of Hieracium View in CoL spp. Europe, Caucasus, Northern Iran, North Africa........................................................................... T. ruralis View in CoL (aberrant individuals only, less than 5% of specimens)

16. ♂: Phallus preglans with spines ( Figs 3h View FIGURES 3 , 7f View FIGURES 7 ). ♀: Oviscape mostly yellowish to reddish brown. In flower heads of Crepis conyzifolia View in CoL , C. sibirica View in CoL . Europe, Asian Russia (West Siberia), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan ( Figs 3h View FIGURES 3 , 7 View FIGURES 7 )........... T. conyzifoliae View in CoL

– ♂: Phallus preglans bare, without spines. ♀: Oviscape dark brown to black, rarely yellowish brown laterally. In flower heads of Crepis biennis View in CoL , C. pyrenaica View in CoL . Europe ( Figs 3g View FIGURES 3 , 8 View FIGURES 8 )..................................................... T. crepidis View in CoL

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Tephritidae

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