Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) syleus Kirschenhofer, 1997

Yin, Wen-Qi, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2021, Revision of the Chinese species of subgenus Koreonialoe (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichus), with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 1063, pp. 1-21 : 1

3. Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) syleus Kirschenhofer, 1997

Figs 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 29 , 33

Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) syleus Kirschenhofer, 1997: 694 (Holotype deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien; type locality: "Shi-fang Ding", sg. Pterostichus Nialoe ); Sasakawa et al. 2013: 430 (based on the misidentification of an unknown species).

Material examined.

(8 males and 16 females): 4 males, " China, Liaoning, Dandong city, Saima town; Mixed forest , 41.0143N, 124.3020E "; "Day, 2008.VIII.15, pitfall trap, Shan HC lgt." ; 1 male, " Liaoning province, Dalian City, Snake island ; 2012, Shi JS lgt." ; 2 males, " China, Liaoning, Benxi City, Guanmenshan mountain ; 41.5644N, 123.5779E, 530m, 2011.VIII.20, night, Huang XL lgt." ; 1 male, " China, Liaoning province, Benxi City, Benxi county, Guanmenshan mountain ; 41.5644N, 123.5779E, 530m, 2011.VIII.23, day, Huang XL lgt." ; 2 males and 5 females, " China, Liaoning province, Zhuanghe City, Buyunshan mountain ; 40.0862N, 122.7234E, pitfall trap, 1133m "; " 2019.VIII.15, Zhu PZ & Wang C lgt." ; 6 females, " China, Liaoning, Fushun city, Qingyuan county, Nankouqian town ; mixed forest; 2020.VIII, local collector." ; 2 females, " Liaoning province, Baishilazi , 40.9394N, 124.8025E, 567m, 2015.VIII.14, mixed forest" ; 1 female, " Liaoning province, Baishilazi , 40.9385N, 124.7891E, 713m, 2015.VIII.15, broadleaved mixed forest" ; 2 females, " Liaoning province, Baishilazi , 40.9412N, 124.7986E, 591m, 2015.IX.12, mixed forest" .

Diagnosis.

Dorsally dark reddish brown; fifth tarsomere without ventral seta. Median lobe of aedeagus stout, ventral surface slightly tumid forming an inconspicuous tubercle. Endophallus elongate, directed basal-ventrally, gonopore opened to the ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; three lobes present: la and lp both oblate, without hook at apex, similar in size and well separate.

Comparison.

From the sclerotized features of male genitalia, P. syleus is most similar to P. tetralobatus sp. nov. for they both have an inconspicuous tubercle on the ventral margin of median lobe. But they are quite different in the endophallus. P. syleus is distinguishable from P. tetralobatus sp. nov. for the endophallus with la not divided and ra only very faintly defined, while in the latter species with la divided into two sub-lobes, and ra well defined.

From the external features, P. syleus can be distinguished from P. micropoides by its slightly larger size (BL 16.8-19.7 mm versus 13.7-15.7 mm), and from P. bellatrix and P. tetralobatus by the smaller size (BL 16.8-19.7 mm versus 19.7-21.6 mm) and lighter color (dark reddish brown versus nearly black).

Description.

BL 16.8-19.7 mm, BW 6.7-7.2 mm. Body form robust, dorsally dark reddish brown, elytra opaque, without metallic luster. Head large, widest at temporae; frons smooth; frontal grooves shallow; temporae strongly swollen, a little shorter than eyes; eyes small and hemisphere; terminal segment of labial palpus fusiform. Pronotum strongly cordate, disc evenly and densely covered with fine punctures, area anterior to sub-anterior transversal sulci well punctate; PW/HW = 1.26-1.32, PW/PL = 1.46-1.51, widest near anterior third; anterior margin a little wider than posterior margin, PAW/PBW = 1.19-1.21. Lateral margins slightly arched from anterior angles to the middle, strongly sinuate and then nearly straight before posterior angles; posterior angles rectangular; mid-lateral setae present at anterior fifth of lateral margins; lateral expansions equal width anteriorly and posteriorly. Basal foveae with inner and outer grooves faintly defined and partly fused, forming deep depression between them, outer groove slightly shorter than inner one; middle area between two basal foveae longitudinal rugose. Elytra oblong, shoulders widely rounded; basal ridge and lateral margin forming an obtuse angle; elytra 1.59-1.64 times longer than wide. Usually three discal pores present on third interval, all adjoining the second stria; the first one before middle, position of the second one variable, the last one at apical sixth to eighth. Umbilicate series on ninth interval continuous, sparse at middle. Ventral side: metepisternum nearly smooth; sternite VII of males without secondary sexual modification. Fifth tarsomere without ventral seta. Male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus stout, gradually curved at basal third, slightly dilated near middle, apical portion abruptly deflected ventrally; ventral surface shallowly tumid near middle, forming an inconspicuous tubercle (Figs 9 , 10 ); apical lamella narrow, apex rounded-triangular, very faintly oblique to the left in dorsal view (Figs 15 , 16 ). Endophallus (Figs 24 , 25 ) long, directed basal-ventrally, gonopore opened to ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; three endophallic lobes recognized: right apical lobe (ra) faintly defined, close to gonopore; left apical lobe (la) oblate, apex not hooked; left preapical lobe (lp) similar shape and size as la, these two lobes well separated. Female genitalia typical in this subgenus.

Distribution.

Widely distributed in the eastern part of Liaoning province, along the Qianshan mountain range. (Fig. 36 , blue)

Remarks.

Sasakawa et al. (2013) redescribed this species and illustrated its endophallus based on a specimen from the type locality (Shi-Fang-Ding, the highest peak of Baishilazi nature reserve). However, their description and illustrations do not accord with the original literature ( Kirschenhofer 1997) or our examined specimens from the type locality (Baishilazi). Sasakawa et al. (2013) indicated that P. syleus is the only species of Pterostichus Koreonialoe with the fifth tarsomeres setose beneath, but in the original description Kirschenhofer (1997) mentioned this species has: " Klauenglieder unterseits glatt ". Moreover, compared with the line drawing of the male genitalia of P. syleus ( Kirschenhofer 1997: Fig. 23 ), specimen described by Sasakawa et al. ( Sasakawa et al. 2013: Fig. 2D ) is different in the sclerotized part of male genitalia in the ventral tubercle a little larger and the apical portion of median lobe less deflected ventrally in lateral view. Thus, although the specimen described by Sasakawa et al. (2013) is exactly from the type locality of P. syleus , we thought it should belong to an unknown new species different from P. syleus and all other known species of Pterostichus Koreonialoe . Besides the differences mentioned above, these two species are also different in their endophallus: P. syleus has the endophallus more strongly directed ventro-basally, and lp is oblate, with apex not hooked (Figs 24 , 25 ); but the species by Sasakawa et al. (2013) has endophallus less directed ventral-basally, and lp is coniform, with distinctly hooked apex ( Sasakawa et al. 2013: Fig. 2D ).

Figures

Figure 36. Confirmed distribution of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. in China: Green: P. micropoides sp. nov.; Red: P. tetralobatus sp. nov.; Yellow: P. bellatrix Tschitscherine; Blue: P. syleus Kirschenhofer.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus of Pterostichus (Pterostichus Koreonialoe) spp. from China 1 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype. 2 P. micropoides sp. nov., male, Paratype from Hunchun city, Jilin 3 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 4 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a female from Zhuanghe city, Liaoning 5 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 6 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 7 - 12. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view of median lobe of aedeagus 7 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 8 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbai county, Jilin 9 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 10 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 11 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 12 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 13 - 18. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, dorsal view of median lobe of aedeagus 13 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 14 P. micropoides sp. nov. Paratype from Changbai county 15 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 16 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 17 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 18 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 22 - 27. Endophallus of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view and right lateral view 22 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Antu city, Jilin 23 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbaishan mt., Jilin 24 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 25 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 26 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 27 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 28 - 35. Female genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, Figs 28 - 31 ventral view and inner lateral view of ovipositor. Figs 32 - 35 female reproductive system. 28, 32 P. tetralobatus, Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 29, 33 P. syleus, a female from Baishilazi, Liaoning 30, 34 P. micropoides, female, Paratype from Antu county, Jilin 31, 35 P. bellatrix, a female from Fusong county, Jilin. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: g 1: gonocoxite I; g 2: gonocoxite II; es: ensiform setae; ns, nematiform setae; bc: bursa copulatrix; co: common oviduct; sc: seminal canal; rc: receptaculum; spc: spermathecal canal.