Triphosa sabaudiata ( Duponchel, 1830 )

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel & Rajaei, Hossein, 2019, An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in the Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 39-65 : 52-55

Triphosa sabaudiata ( Duponchel, 1830)

( figs 16 , 27–30 , 41, 42 , 49 ; map)

Larentia sabaudiata Duponchel, 1830 . In: Godart, J.B. & Duponchel, P.A.J., Histoire naturelle des lépidoptères ou papillons de France, 8 (1), 370. Syntypes (France, Aix en Savoie).

Larentia millierata Bruand, 1855 . Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 3 (1), LIX. Holotype (France, Mont d’Or, near Ferrière).

Triphosa agnata Le Cerf, 1918 . Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Paris 1918 (6), 412. Holotype ♂ ([Turkey]: ‘ Césarée ( Cappadoce )’). Deposited in France, Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Hereby regarded as a new synonym of Triphosa sabaudiata (see remark).

Type material examined. ( Holotype of T. agnata syn. n., figs 27 , 42 ) 1 ♂, Cesarée, Type, F. LeCerf det. 1918, gen. prep. 223; in MNHM .

Further material examined. 1 ♂, [ Turkey] Isparta (in cave), Yalvac-Turkey , 19.x.2016, leg. Gökhan Aydin ; 1 ♀, Borabey-Amasya , Turkey, 14.vi. 2003, 1066 m, N 40°48’12’’ E 36°08’52’’, leg. Feza Can; all in MKU . 1 ♀, Gümüschrhane , ex coll. Staudinger, g. prep 0021/2018 D. Wanke ; 2 ♀, Amasia, ex coll. Staudinger, g. preps 0022, 0023/2018 D. Wanke; all in MNHU . 1 ♀, Türkei, Prov. Antalya, 17.iv.2001, ca. 1200 m, Civizli W Seydisehir, leg. Bernd Schacht, BC Lep DS 0011, g. prep 0032/2018 D. Wanke; in PCDS . 1 ♀, Montenegro / Crna Gora mer. Lovcen NP. E-Seite, Jezerski vrh, Njegos Mausoleum und Umgebung , ca. 1550–1657 m, 25.vii.2009, leg. L. Lehmann, BMB Lep 00790, g. prep 0038/2018 D. Wanke; in PCJG . 1 ♀, S-Türkei, Taurus: Camliyayla bei Tarsus , 1300–1400 m, 10.–14.vi.1996, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov & T. Drechsel, BMB Lep 00792, g. prep 0036/2018 D. Wanke . 1 ♂, Türkei, Pontisches Gebirge, Ilgaz Daglari Ilgaz , ca. 800 m, 6.vii.1990 LF, leg. J. Gelbrecht & E. Schwabe, BMB Lep 00791, g. prep 0037/2018 D. Wanke; all in PCJG . 1 ♀, Erciyes Dagi, Kayakeri , prov. Kayseri, Turquie, 2100 m, 10.vii.1990, leg. E. Drovet, g. prep 0055/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♀, Turkey, Prov. Kayseri, 5 km. nw. Ercios Dagh , 2000 m, 22.vii.1986, leg. M. Fibiger, g. prep 0056/2018 D. Wanke; all in PCPS . 1 ♀, Tirol , e.l. 21.vi. [19]40, Fleiss Innsbruck, g. prep 752/2009 H. Rajaei ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Turkey, Prov. Kayseri, 5km. nw. Ercios Dagh. , 2000 m, 22.vii.1986, leg. M. Fibiger, ex coll. Michael Fibiger, SMNK; E. Lep 281, g. prep (♂) 0143/2018 D. Wanke ; 8 ♂, 6 ♀, Turkey, Prov. Kayseri, 20 km S, 2000 m, Erciyas Dagi , 28.vii.1989, leg. Fibiger & Esser, ex coll. Michael Fibiger, SMNK; E. Lep 281, g. prep (♂) 0144/2018 D. Wanke; all in SMNK . 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Gempenhöhle , 29.xii. [19]47, g. prep (♂) 1911/2015 H. Rajaei ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Gempenhöhle , 23.xi. [19]47, g. prep (♂) 0024/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Gempenhöhle, 30.xii.1956, coll. W. Schäfer, Stuttgart, SMNS-Lep.1997-11 ; 1 ♀, Gempen , 7.i. [19]50, coll. W. Schäfer, Stuttgart, SMNS-Lep.1997-11 ; 1 ♀, Gempen , 25.vii. [19]55, coll. W. Schäfer, Stuttgart, SMNS-Lep.1997-11, g. prep 0005/2018 D. Wanke ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Bas. Jura, Gempenhöhlen , 8.ix. [19]46, Wolf ; 1 ♂, Gempen, i.[19]59, B. Blattner, g. prep 0052/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♀, Croatia, di Frasassi, Ancona, ix.1956, coll. W. Schäfer, Stuttgart, SMNS-Lep.1997-11 ; 1 ♂, Schwäb. Alb, 1894, Fauna Baden-Württemberg , Funddaten registriert 1995/1996 ; 2 ♂, Rosenstein , Heubach , 5.xi. [19]06, Fauna Baden-Württemberg , Funddaten registriert 1995/1996 ; 1 ♂, Herrlingen b. Ulm , Tiefental, G. Hammer, Fauna Baden-Württemberg , Funddaten registriert 1995/ 1996 ; 1 ♂, Reiteralm Höhle , 1650, 1.xi. [19]65, Dr. Stüber , leg. K. Mazzucco, Salzb .; 1 ♂, Ob. Öst. , Schönbg. Alm , 10.viii. [19]53, R. Löberbauer ; 1 ♂, Oberdonau , Traunstein , 500 m, 24.xi.1949, Foltin ; 1 ♂, Preda, ex Coll. W. Pfitzenmeier Stuttgart, g. prep 0001/2018 D. Wanke; (more specimens from France, Italy and Switzerland examined), all in SMNS . 1 ♂, Asia min., Turcia, Kizilcahamam , 952 m, 23. u. 24.vi.1969, leg. G. Friedel, g. prep 0149/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Asia min., Ankara-Barrage , 13.–17.vi. [19]66, leg. Friedel, g. prep 0151/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Asia minor, Barrage , 10 km no Ankara, 1100 m, 13.–17.vi. [19]66, R. Löberbauer, g. prep 0152/2018 D. Wanke; all in ZSM .

Remark. Triphosa sabaudiata and T. agnata syn. n. share the genitalia characters, which are most diagnostic in this species-group (e.g. socii weakly developed on protrusions at the uncus base; labides fused into one long and thin stick) ( figs 41, 42 ).

Diagnosis. Wingspan 38–45 mm, rarely 32–38 mm (length of forewing 20–25 mm), no sexual dimorphism in size. Ground colour from pale grey to bright yellowish-white, with some grey shine (greyish brown, with red shimmer in T. dubitata ; beige, sandy coloured in T. silviae sp. n.; beige, from sand-coloured to very bright brown in T. lecerfi sp. n.; sandy-yellow covered with a slate-coloured shroud in T. taochata ). Transversal lines faint, sometimes slightly visible. Wing pattern stronger towards costa. Colour of fringes not differing from the ground colour ( figs 27–30 ).

Male genitalia ( figs 16 , 41, 42 ). Uncus base with protrusions carrying weakly developed socii on each side (few setae at the base of the uncus in T. dubitata and T. silviae sp. n.; more setae at the uncus base in T. lecerfi sp. n.; setae located on protrusions in T. taochata ) ( figs 13 a–17a). Labides fused into one long and thin stick reaching further than the uncus base; labides tip covered with setae (hump-shaped, not touching each other, equipped with setae in T. dubitata ; flat, thickened to the centre and setose in T. silviae sp. n.; thin, flat, strongly and densely setose in T. lecerfi sp. n.; spoon-shaped, fused, tip strongly setose in T. taochata ) ( figs 13 b-17b). Juxta three-lobed. Sacculus projection distally forked, heavily sclerotized; fork-shaped tip consists of two identical prongs, the angle between the prongs being ~45° (lower prong shorter than upper one, upper prong curved, both arranged in less than 90° in T. dubitata ; prongs slightly different with upper prong longer and broader, both arranged in less than 90° in T. silviae sp. n.; both prongs blunt and short, arranged in more than 90° in T. lecerfi sp. n.; upper prong long, lower prong shortened, arranged in ~90° in T. taochata ) ( figs 13 c–17c).

Female genitalia ( fig. 49 ). Ovipositor broad, antrum short, wide and funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae bent, very short, flat, wide in ventral view, but narrow in lateral view. Corpus bursae pyriform, its posterior part funnelshaped, heavily sclerotized with longitudinal folds; its anterior part bag-shaped; membranous (similar in T. silviae sp. n., T. lecerfi sp. n. and T. taochata ; ‘guitar-shaped’, posterior part of corpus bursae tubular, heavily sclerotized with few longitudinal folds; anterior part membranous, in T. dubitata ) ( figs 46–52 ).

Phenology. Univoltine. One very long generation of about nine months (emerging late June or early July; both sexes hibernating in caves; in spring active from April to late May) ( Ebert 2001; Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012).

Biology. Larva monophagous on Rhamnaceae ( Rhamnus pumilus , R. saxatilis , R. cathartica ), observed nectarfeeding of adults on Clematis vitalba and Adenostyles ( Heinicke & Müller 1976; Ebert 2001; Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012).

Habitat. Mountain regions, troglophilous ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Flying in rocky slopes, lime rocks, rocky valleys and often found when resting in dry caves ( Heinicke & Müller 1976; Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Occurring at altitudes from 600–2700 m ( Ebert 2001; Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012).

Distribution. West-Palaearctic, with fragmented distribution from western Europe to the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey. Outside Europe, its range extends from northern Morocco to the central Asian mountains ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Distribution in the Middle East and Central Asia reported by Viidalepp (1996), but questioned by Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012). Hereby we confirm the occurrence of Triphosa sabaudiata in Turkey (see map).

DNA barcoding. The species clusters at low genetic distance with T. taochata (1.4%), diverging by more than 2% from T. silviae sp. n. (2.2%) and from T. lecerfi sp. n. (2.6%) (see table 2).

Figures

FIGURES 13–17. Diagnostic characters of the genitalia of Triphosa species (ventral view). 13: Triphosa dubitata; 14: Triphosa silviae sp. n.; 15: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n.; 16: Triphosa sabaudiata; 17: Triphosa taochata; a = socii; b = labides; c = sacculus projections (unspread, in natural position).

FIGURES 20–37. Wing pattern. 20: Philereme transversata (Germany, Augsburg, 12.vii.1970; SMNS); 21: Pareulype berberata (Germany, Mannheim, 13.vii.1933; SMNS); 22: Triphosa dubitata (Georgia, Borjomi, 22.vii.2006, g. prep. 0016/ 2018 D. Wanke); 23-24: Triphosa silviae sp. n. (23: holotype, Iran, Fars, v.1937, g. prep. 0059/2018 D. Wanke; 24: paratype, Iran, Fars, Tange Surkh, g. prep. 755/2009 H. Rajaei); 25-26: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n. (25: holotype, Alai, Dugoba, 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0042/2018 D. Wanke; 26: paratype, Alai, Dugoba, 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0041/2018 D. Wanke); 27: holotype of Triphosa agnata syn. n. of Triphosa sabaudiata (Turkey, Cesarée, g. prep. 223); 28-30: Triphosa sabaudiata (28: Germany, Herrlingen, Tiefental; 29: Germany, Gempen, i.1959, g. prep. 0052/2018 D. Wanke; 30: Gempen, 25.vii.1955, g. prep 0005/ 2018 D. Wanke); 31-32: female ‘syntypes’ of Triphosa taochata (31: lectotype here designated, Azerbaijan, Hankynda; 32: paralectotype, Georgia, Achalziche); 33-34: Triphosa taochata (both Iran, Elburs, Damavand, 11.vii.1972; 33: g. prep 0012/ 2018 D. Wanke; 34: g. prep 0011/2018 D. Wanke); 35: Rheumaptera hastata (Germany, Federseemoor, 30.v.1967); 36: Hydria cervinalis (Germany, Heidelberg, 29.iii.1974, g. prep. 0051/2018 D. Wanke); 37: lectotype of Hydria ravulata (Issyk-kul, g. prep. 0048/2018 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside.

FIGURES 41–43. Male genitalia. 41: Triphosa sabaudiata (Germany, Gempen, i.1959, g. prep. 0052/2018 D. Wanke); 42: holotype of Triphosa agnata syn. n. (Turkey, Cesarée, g. prep. 223); 43: Triphosa taochata (Turkey, Artvin, Tekkale near Yusufeli, 13.iv.2002, g. prep. 0033/2018 D. Wanke). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus.

FIGURES 46–49. Female genitalia. 46: Triphosa dubitata (Italy, Trafoi, 15.vi.1927, g. prep. 0013/2018 D. Wanke); 47: Triphosa silviae sp. n. (Iran, Kohkiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad, 24.v.2009, g. prep 0009/2018 D. Wanke); 48: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan, Alai, Dugoba riv., 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0041/2018 D. Wanke); 49: Triphosa sabaudiata (Switzerland, Preda, g. prep 0001/2018 D. Wanke). a = ventral view; b = lateral view.