Triphosa Stephens, 1829

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel & Rajaei, Hossein, 2019, An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in the Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 39-65 : 40-43

Triphosa Stephens, 1829

Triphosa Stephens, 1829 , The nomenclature of British insects; being a compendious list of such species as are contained in the Systematic Catalog of British insects, 44. Type species: Phalaena dubitata Linnaeus, 1758 .

Umbrosina Bruand, 1847 , Mémoires de la Société d'émulation du Doubs, (1) 2 (3, livr. 5, 6), 105. Type species: Phalaena dubitata Linnaeus, 1758 .

Speluncaris Bruand, 1847 , Mémoires de la Société d'émulation du Doubs, (1) 2 (3, livr. 5, 6), 105. Type species: Larentia sabaudiata Duponchel, 1830 .

Strepsizuga Warren, 1908 , Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 101. Type species: Strepsizuga aberrans Warren, 1908 .

Re-description of genus. Medium to large moths (wingspan between 33–57 mm). Antennae filiform, in males very shortly ciliated-setose. Frons slightly convex. Palpi long, about twice the diameter of the eye ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Proboscis well developed. Chaetosemata consisting of two patches of setae, not connected to each other. Ground colour varies from yellow to beige, or brown with slight greyish or rarely reddish tinge. Termen of both wings wavy, more conspicuous on the hindwings. Forewing with two areoles, vein R1 arising separately from the second areole, R2-5 on a common stalk, M1 arising from the second areole ( fig. 1 ). In hindwing Sc+R1 fused with Rs, basally bifurcate, Rs and M1 stalked, A1+2 originating separately. Epiphysis short (one third of the tibia). Midtibia with one, hindtibia with two pairs of spurs.

Male genitalia ( fig. 6–10 ). Uncus long, thin, tapered, sub-medially curved and heavily sclerotized. Socii present, weakly developed ( Schmidt 2017, also see fig. 6, 7 ). Subscaphium developed as a flat spatulate sclerite ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012), sclerotized and strewn with plenty of little spines on both sides ( fig. 7 ). Valva apically rounded, its apical half weakly sclerotized; costa of valva and sacculus projection heavily sclerotized, the latter distally forked ( fig. 6 ). Labides variable, but diagnostic to species, differing from two flattened structures ( fig. 8 ) to a spoon-shaped structure. Saccus short, broad. Aedeagus medium-sized, broad, heavily sclerotized ( fig. 9 ). Vesica membranous, partially covered with a patch of mirocornuti ( fig. 10 ).

Female genitalia ( fig. 11, 12 ). Ovipositor short, broad. Apophyses posteriores approximately twice the length of apophyses anteriores. Antrum short, broad, funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae extremely short, arched, flat, wide on the ventral view, but narrow on the lateral view. Corpus bursae with heavily sclerotized posterior part and membranous anterior part. Signum absent.

Diagnosis. (data are summarized in table 1). Forewing of Triphosa , Pareulype, Hydria , Philereme and Hospitalia is characterized by the presence of two areoles (only one areole in Rheumaptera ) (see detailed drawings in figs 1–5 ). The two genera Triphosa and Pareulype could be easily diagnosed based on their heavily sclerotized, long and strongly curved uncus (short, broader at the base, slightly curved in Rheumaptera and Hydria; vestigial in Hospitalia ; thin and needle-shaped in Philereme ). Valva medium size (not exceeding the tip of the uncus) in Triphosa , Pareulype , Rheumaptera, Hydria and Hospitalia (valva very large, exceeding tip of uncus in Philereme ). Costa of valva strongly sclerotized, distally rounded and separated from centre of valva in Triphosa (distally rounded, fused to valva, medially projecting in Pareulype ; distally broadened, and covering apex of valva in Hospitalia ; weakly sclerotized in Rheumaptera, Hydria and Philereme ). Labides setose, with separated or fused lobes, variable in shape (flat, hump-, stick- or spoon-shaped) in Triphosa (relatively small, partly fused in Pareulype ( Choi 2006) and Hospitalia ; long, apically dilated, reaching uncus in Rheumaptera and Hydria; short in Philereme ( Schmidt 2017)) . Sacculus projection furcate in most species of Triphosa (with distal process in Pareulype ( Choi 2006, Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012); elongated, distally tapered or round, sometimes curved in Rheumaptera, Hydria [sometimes furcate], Hospitalia and Philereme ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012)) . Vesica membranous, partially covered with patch of microcornuti in Triphosa (patches of spinose cornuti in Pareulype ( Choi 2006) ; long, rod-shaped cornuti present in Rheumaptera and Hydria; one cornutus in Hospitalia ( Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012) ; tiny cornuti in Philereme ( Viidalepp 2011)) (see tab. 1).

In the female genitalia of Triphosa ( figs 11–12 ), anterior part of corpus bursae membranous, its posterior part sclerotized with several longitudinal folds, signum absent (same condition, but longitudinal folds absent, signum present in Pareulype ; signum in Hydria, if present, more complicated and diverse; anterior and posterior parts not well separated, but signum present in Rheumaptera ; signum absent in Hospitalia and Philereme (see Choi 2006, Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012) (for further details, see tab. 1).

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Wing venation in genus Triphosa and its closely related genera. 1: Triphosa dubitata, with two areoles. 2: Philereme transversata; 3: Pareulype berberata; 4: Rheumaptera hastata; 5: Hydria cervinalis. Areoles marked with grey in 2– 5. Only one areole is present in Rheumaptera.

FIGURES 6–10. Terminology of male genitalia used in this paper. 6: genitalia capsule. 7: subscaphium and socii. 8: labides. 9: aedeagus. 10: microcornuti on vesica. Abbreviations as follows (after Schmidt 2017): cos—costa of valva, jux—juxta, lablabides, sac—sacculus projection, soc—socii, sub—subscaphium, unc—uncus. (Photos of Triphosa lecerfi sp. n.)

FIGURES 11–12. Terminology of female genitalia of Triphosa used in this paper. Structures showed in both lateral (fig. 11) and ventral (fig. 12) view. Abbreviations as follows: ovp—ovipositor, ant—antrum, duc—ductus bursae, corp—corpus bursae, apoa—apophyses anteriores, apop—apophyses posteriores.