Muhlenbergia cenchroide s (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P.M. Peterson, Caldasia 31(2): 280, f. 2 C-D. 2009.
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AC9F3A4-EC78-5863-83A6-203FE95D3814 |
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Muhlenbergia cenchroide s (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P.M. Peterson, Caldasia 31(2): 280, f. 2 C-D. 2009. |
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Fig. 5A, B View Figure 5
Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(2): 899. 1806. Type: Venezuela, Sucre, Cumaná, F.W.H.A. Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland 3002 (holotype: B-W-01637-020 [image!]). Basionym.
= Hymenothecium quinquesetum Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 4. 1816. Aegopogon quinquesetus (Lag.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 1:805. 1817. Type: México, México Iperio, Ludovicus Nee (holotype: MA; isotype: BAA-00002156 [image!]).
= Hymenothecium trisetum Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 4. 1816. Aegopogon trisetus (Lag.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:805. 1817. Aegopogon cenchroides var. trisetus (Lag.) E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2:72. 1886. Type: México, México Imperio (holotype: MA; isotype: BAA-00002158 [image!]).
= Aegopogon setifer Nees, Linnaea 19(6):691. 1847. Type: México, A. Aschenborn 132 (holotype: B; isotypes: FR-0036375 [image!], FR-0036376 [image!], US-75953 fragm. ex B!).
= Aegopogon cenchroides var. multisetus E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 72. 1886. Type: México, Moran. in rupibus, 1840, H. Galeotti 5808 (lectotype: BR! designated by Peterson et al., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 41: 10. 2001; isolectotypes: P!, US-75958 fragm. ex P!).
Description.
Caespitose perennials often sprawling, occasionally with stolons. Culms (10-)25-55 cm tall, glabrous below the nodes; internodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths mostly 0.8-8 cm long, shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 1-2 mm long, apex acute, lacerate; blades 1.5-6 cm long, 0.5-2 mm wide, flat, scaberulous above, smooth beneath. Panicles 2-8 cm long, 0.5-1.2 cm wide, open, loosely-flowered with recemosely arranged branches; primary branches 2-4 mm long, excluding the awns, one per node, often purplish. Spikelet fascicles of three with one sessile perfect spikelet (lateral staminate or sterile), the pedicels less than 0.2-0.5 mm long and the other two spikelets short-pedicelled, the pedicels about 0.7-1.2 mm long; glumes (1-)1.5-2.8 mm long, oblong and wider distally, 1-veined, apex deeply notched, awned, the awns 2-4 mm long, lobes triangular, acute; lemmas 2.5-3 mm long, fusiform, 3-awned, the central awns 5-13 mm long, lateral awns 2-3 mm long; paleas 2.5-3 mm long, puberulent, apex awned, the awns 1-2 mm long; anthers 1.6-1.8 mm long, yellowish to purplish. Caryopses 1-1.4 mm long, fusiform. 2 n = 40, 60, 80.
Distribution.
Muhlenbergia cenchroides ranges from throughout México, throughout Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, and Panama) to South America in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, and Venezuela ( Pohl 1994a; Peterson et al. 2001).
Ecology.
Muhlenbergia cenchroides occurs on rocky slopes, canyons, cliffs, roadcuts, arroyos, seeps, and meadows, often associated with Baccharis ssp., Salvia ssp., Eupatorium , Festuca , Schizachyrium , Muhlenbergia ssp., Hyptis , Oxalis , Aristida , Bidens , Sporobolus , Carex , Eragrostis , Lupinus , Lycopodium , Jarava , Nassella , Agave , Thalictrum , and Chusquea ; 1430-3850 m.
Comments.
Muhlenbergia cenchroides can be separated from its South American sister, M. bryophilus ( Döll) P.M. Peterson (South American) in having anthers 1.6-1.8 mm long, the perennial habit with (10-)25-55 cm tall culms, and sessile or inconspicuously pedicelled perfect spikelets usually associated with two staminate or sterile pedicelled spikelets ( Tovar 1993; Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson 2009). In addition to being perennial, Muhlenbergia cenchroides differs from M. uniseta in having glumes with acute lobes and central veins extending as an awn 2-4 mm long.
Muhlenbergia cenchroides , a member of M. subg. Muhlenbergia , lies in a strongly supported trichotomy with M. bryophilus and M. uniseta , and this trichotomy is sister to M. tarahumara P.M. Peterson & Columbus (Sierra Madre Occidental, México) in M. subg. Muhlenbergia ( Peterson et al. 2010b; Peterson et al. 2021).
Specimens examined.
Costa Rica. Alajuela: SW of Palmira, A. Weston 3076 (USJ); 1 km S of Carrizal, R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 11499 (CR); 6.5 km W of Varablanca, R.W. Pohl & C. Calderón 10278 (CR); 0.5 km W of Varablanca, roadside, R.W. Pohl & C. Calderón 10257 (CR). Cartago : Reserva Biologica Tres de Junio , J. Gómez-L. & D. Rivera 1221 (USJ); Interamerican Highway , about km 82, L. Clark et al. 1570 (USJ, MO, US); Cordillera Central , lower slopes of Volcan Irazu , 1 km below San Juan de Chicoa, R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 11421 (CR); Reserva Forestal Rio Macho , Cuenca del Savegre , Cerro de la Muerte , Carretera Interamericana , entre km 93/94, A. Rodríguez 4227 (CR, INB); Estacion Cuerici , camino a la Auxiliadora, 2 km E de Villa Mills, B. Gamboa R. 753 (INB); Salsipuedes , bosque secundario y turberas en las cabeceras del rio Humo, J.F. Morales 6223 (INB, MO); Santa Rosa, E. Alfaro 5132 (INB); San Ramon de Tres Rios , Westl. Talhang des Rio Tiribi , untere Nebelwaldregion , Weg Einschmitt , vollsonniger Lehmhang ohne Gehölze, H. Kuhbier 214 (CR); Heredia : P. Döbbeler 2010 (MO); San José de la Montaña, M. Montiel s.n. (USJ); Monte de la Cruz, R. Ocampo 1251 (CR); 2 km N of Porrosatí, R.W. Pohl & M. Gabel 13673 (CR); San José de la Montaña, D. Santamaría 3092 (INB); Parque Nac. Braulio Carrillo Porrosatí, Rio Ciruelas , R. Rivera 457 (MO). San Jose : Santa Maria de Dota , J. Bustamante 218 (INB); Hda. Tiquires, Bosque primario, robledales y potreros en la Fila Aguabuena cerca de la Laguna, J.F. Morales 4232 (MO, INB); Bosque secundario en la cima del Cerro Pico Alto , cabeceras del rio Poas , El Cidral, J.F. Morales 1725 (INB); Copey , Cerro Vueltas , bosques enanos transición a páramo y páramos en la cima, L. G. Clark 1570 (INB); Carretera Interamericana , ruta al Cerro de la Muerte , 2 km después de los Chespiritos dirección a Perez Zeledon , entre km 80-81, A. Rodríguez 3276 (INB, MO); Dota , Reserva Ftal Los Santos , Estacion Ojo de Agua , Calle a Providencia, E. Alfaro 2223 (INB); along Carretera Interamericana between km 103 and km 106, ca. 7.7-9.7 km beyond La Georgina toward San Isidro de El General , M. Grayum 8154 (INB); Bajo Gamboa , 1 km sobre el camino que conduce al Cerro Caraigres, J.F. Morales 6718 (CR, INB); R.F. Los Santos. Providencia Dota, Fila Cerro Vueltas, J.F. Morales 8412 (INB); Salsipuedes , km 69, Carretera Interamericana , B. Hammel 5132 (INB); Direct line from Hotel La Georgina to Cerro Frio of the Cerro Buenavista complex ( Cerro de la Muerte ), area with television and radio towers, G. Davidse 25028 (MO); along Carretera Interamericana between km 103 and km 106, ca. 7.7-9.7 km beyond La Georgina toward San Isidro de El General , M. Grayum & J. Affolter 8154 (MO); Z.P. Cerros de Escazu , Cerros Escazú-La Carpintera, J.F. Morales 1725 (MO); Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe. Estación Cuericí, camino a la Auxiliadora, bosque secundario en orillas del camino, B. Gamboa R. 753 (MO); Los Santos , Est. Ojo de Agua , colectando en bosque y orillas del tendido eléctrico, E. Alfaro & M. Alfaro 2223 (MO); Cerro Leon , camino hacia Fila Aguabuena, A. Quesada et al. 751 (CR); Cerro Leon , camino hacia Fila Aguabuena, A. Quesada et al. 755 (CR); Los Cuadros, O. Jiménez 710 (CR); Cordillera de Talamanca , 26 km N of San Isidro del General along the Carretera Interamericana , R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 10755 (CR); along carretera Interamericana , ca. 10 km N of San Isidro del General roadsides, R.W. Pohl & C. Calderón 10064 (CR); Montane forest formations with open landslides and road cuts and swamps, about 22 km SE of Empalme, along the Interamericcan Highway, G. Davidse 6452 (CR); Z.P. Cerros de Escazu Rio Londres y Rio Agres , bosque ripario secundario, G. Vargas & J. Sánchez 940 (CR); Los Santos Ca. 4 km due S of La Georgina at Villa Mills off the Interamerican Hwy., F. Almeda & K. Nakai 4824 (CR); R.F. Los Santos Camino entre San Gerardo y Carretera Interamericana, A. Estrada et al. 2782 (CR); Cerro Leon , camino hacia Fila Aguabuena, R. Chacón et al. 188 (CR); San Antonio, S. Lobo 908 (CR); Rivas, A. Rodríguez 6509 (INB); Páramo, D. Santamaría 3151 (INB); Páramo, S. Lobo 1656 (CR); Carretera interamericana Sur, J. Gómez. 6342 (CR); 71 km from San Isidro del General on Cartago road, H.S. McKee 11221 (US). El Salvador : Santa Ana , Cerro Monte Cristo , NE of Metapan, R.W. Pohl 12581 (CR); Montecristi, R. Villacorta & J. González 1158 (MO); Volcan de Santa Ana , G. Davidse & R.W. Pohl 2050 (MO); Parque Nacional Montecristo , camino a Miramundo, R.A. Carballo & J. Aldana RAC00590 View Materials (MO). Usulutan : Laguna de Alegria , por la entrada, D. Williams & R.W. Williams 356 (MO). Guatemala. Alta Verapaz: H. von Turckheim s.n. (MO).). Chimaltenango: Vegetación del volcán de Acatenango, M. Vélz 93.2751 (MO). Guatemala: Guatemala city, A.S. Hitchcock 9108 (US). Huehuetenango: Carretera a la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, M. Véliz, 96.5778 (MO); Dry oak-pine forest and ravines about 6 km S of Huehuetenango, L.O. Williams et al. 22038 (US). Izabal: Between Los Amates and Izabal, Sierra del Mico, W.A. Kellerman , 6230 (MO). Quetzaltenango: Mountains above Ostucalco, P. C. Standley 66407 (US); vicinity of Zunil , dry brushy hillside, P.C. Standley 83211 (US). Sololá: Volcan Atitlán, J. Viñals, s.n. (MO). Honduras. Comayagua: vicinity of Siguatepeque, P.C. Standley 56214 (US). El Paraiso : Mansaragua, G. Davidse et al. 35031 (MO). Intibucá: Cerro San Cristóbal, C. Nelson & R. Andino 10605 (MO). Ocotepeque : Nueva Ocotepeque, W.E. Harmon & J.D. Dwyer 4123 (MO). Mexico. Chiapas: Cintalpa : Hacienda Monserrat, C.A. Purpus 467 (MO). Larráinzar, Muctahuitz. Region Los Altos, L. Soto-Pinto 1543 (MEXU). Huixtlán: Chilil, B.Y. López-Santos 217, 218 (MEXU). Tenajapa : In the Paraje of Pahal Ton, D.E. Breedlove 12591 (MEXU). Mapastepec : Reserva El Triunfo , polígono 1, Dry area above Cañada Honda, M. Heath & A. Long 1043 (MEXU). San Cristobal : 10 km de la carr. San Cristobal-Ocosingo , Borrego 6 (MEXU); entrada a Zacualpa , 500 m carr San Cristóbal-Comitán, S. Ochoa-Gaona et al. 4258 (MEXU). San Juan Chamula: Los Altos, Bautista Chico, L. Soto-Pinto 1236, 1264 (MEXU); Yalchín, B.Y. López-Santos & F. Martínez 735 (MEXU). Union de Juarez : en el camino de Talquián a Chiquihuite, E. Martínez et al. 193976 (MEXU). Venustiano Carranza: Ejido "Laja tendida", km 17 de carr. Venustiano Carranza-Tuxtla Gutíerrez, aprox. 2 km a Flores Magón, A. Miranda S. 1237 (MEXU); G. Davidse 9449 (MO). Nicaragua. Chontales: 3 miles southeast of Juigalpa , route 7, roadside and swampy woods [Seymour series], D.A. Dudey 1602 (MO). Estelí: Mechapa, D.A. Hamblett 992 (MO). Rivas: Southwest of La Virgen and northeast of San Juan del Sur , route 16 where road crossed brook, km 136 [Seymour series], F.C. Seymour 1228 (MO); Peñas Blancas, F.C. Seymour1853 (MO). Panama. Chiriquí: Volcán Barú, on road to towers at top; near towers at summit, G. McPherson 15064 (MO); 3 km S of Boquete along Rio Caldera , P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 7387 (MO); Steep forested slope to W of Río Caldera, ca. 2 km NW of Bajo Mono (Boquete region), M. Grayum et al. 6450 (MO); Camino de acceso al Parque Nacional Volcán Barú (vertiente oriental), M. Vega & R. Rincon 194 (MO); Baru/ Potrero Muleto, G. Davidse & W.G. D’Arcy 10257 (MO); Volcán Chiriquí, A. Weston 12375A (CR); Volcán Chiriquí, A. Weston 6216 (CR); Side of Barú Mt., J.S. McCorkle 156 (US); 8 km NW of Boquete on road to Volcán Barú, slopes above Quebrada Grande, P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 7361 (US); Chiriqui Volcano, A.S. Hitchcock 8218 (US); Chiriquí Volcano, A.S. Hitchcock 8206 (US) .
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Muhlenbergia cenchroide s (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P.M. Peterson, Caldasia 31(2): 280, f. 2 C-D. 2009.
Peterson, Paul M., Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda, Lobo Cabezas, Silvia & Romaschenko, Konstantin 2023 |
= Aegopogon setifer
Nees 1847 |