Spiroplasma

Moyaba, Percy, Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms, Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla, Njokou, Flobert, Freitas, Ngambia, Vreysen, Marc Jb & Abd-Alla, Adly Mm, 2023, Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota, Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (62), pp. 1-14 : 5

Interaction between Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma

Prevalence of co-infections

The results of the analysis showed that 12.56% of the flies were infected both with Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma , regardless of country, location, and sex. However, the prevalence of single infections of Spiroplasma (35.83%) was higher than that of Trypanosoma (17.46%) ( Fig. 4 ). The association between Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma infections was analyzed using the Cochran-Manthel-Haenzel ( CMH) test and chi-square test. Across all samples, the CMH test showed a significant deviation from independence between the two infections (Χ 2 MH = 5.19, df = 1, p = 0.02). The chi-square test confirmed that the independence between Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma infections was significant with a Bonferroni correction of OE = 0.006 (Χ 2 = 9.85, p = 0.03). However, when considering countries, only in Ghana the chi-square test did show a significant deviation from independence between the two microbial infections (Χ 2 = 13.004, p <0.001) ( Table 3 and Supplementary Table 4 ).

Figures

Figure 4. Prevalence of co-infection Spiroplasma-Trypanosoma in wild G. tachinoides.