Hershkovitzia, Guimaraes & D'Andretta, 1956

Hrycyna, Gabriela & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2023, Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny, Zootaxa 5346 (4), pp. 372-402 : 392

Phylogeny of Hershkovitzia

Our search resulted in only one most parsimonious tree ( Fig. 10 ). The results show Hershkovitzia as a monophyletic taxon supported by 11 synapomorphies (3:1; 5:1; 9:1; 12:1; 13:1; 14:1, 17:1; 18:1; 19:1; 24:2 and 25:1) in addition to four homoplasies (0:2, 11:1, 20:1 and 21:1). Bootstrap support was high (99%) for Hershkovitzia . Of the two internal clades, the Primitiva group received greater branch support (80%) than the Inaequalis group (79%). Bremer support was low for the internal clades (0, 1, 2 and 4), whereas it was high (11) for the generic clade. Character states used for each species are shown in Table 1 .

The analysis divided Hershkovitzia into two clades corresponding to the Primitiva and Inaequalis groups outlined above. The Primitiva group was supported by two synapomorphies (2:1 and 22:1), respectively for row of setae on tibia II and for the number of setae on the palp. Within the group, H. coeca was supported by one homoplasy (4:2—notopleural with two setae). H. primitiva and H. cabala were reconstructed as most close phylogenetically, supported by one homoplasy (1:1—dilation of the palps at both ends). The Inaequalis group is composed of the species H. inaequalis , H. mariae and Hershkovitzia autinoae sp. nov. and was supported by two synapomorphies (6:2 and 15:1): oblique suture obtuse-angled and abdominal ctenidium covering middle third of posterior margin of sternite 1+2; and one homoplasy (23:1): tibia II with row of setae apically. Hershkovitzia autinoae sp. nov. was supported by one synapomorphy (14:3—presence of two setae on female tergite 7). The species H. inaequalis and H. mariae clustered together, supported by two synapomorphies (0:3—six setae in the eyes, three setae on each eye and 10:1—female with tergite 5 whole) and two homoplasies (1:1—dilation of the palps at both ends and 16:1—sternite 3 divided in female).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Hershkovitzia Guimar„es & D’Andretta, 1956. A. Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=51, CI=72, RI=81). B. Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).