Thyroptera, Spix, 1823

Hrycyna, Gabriela & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2023, Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny, Zootaxa 5346 (4), pp. 372-402 : 392-396

Phylogeny of Thyroptera

Our search resulted in only one most parsimonious tree ( Fig. 11 ). The genus was monophyletic, supported by eight synapomorphies (2:1; 3:1; 5:1; 6:1; 10:1; 16:1; 22:2 and 23:1) in addition to one homoplasy (1:1). The character states of each species are shown in Table 2 . Bootstrap support was robust for the genus (> 70%). The decay index (Bremer support) showed similar values: support for clades of the internal group was low (1), whereas it was high (8) for the genus.

Our phylogenetic analysis resulted in T. lavali and T. devivoi as sister species, as found also by Gregorin et al. (2006). The clade was supported by one synapomorphy (0:2—short dorsal hair between shoulders) and one homoplasy (7:0—low and less globular shape of braincase). The closest species to the pair was T. wynneae . The clade formed by T. lavali , T. devivoi , and T. wynneae was supported by six synapomorphies (0:1; 11:1; 14:2; 18:1; 19:1; and 24:1). Thyroptera tricolor was the closest species to the clade T. lavali + T. devivoi + T. wynneae , supported by two synapomorphies (1:2 and 12:1) and two homoplasies (8:1 and 15:0). Thyroptera discifera was the most basal species of the genus.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A. Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=64, CI=62, RI=61). B. Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).