Hershkovitzia Guimarães & D’Andretta, 1956

Hrycyna, Gabriela & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2023, Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny, Zootaxa 5346 (4), pp. 372-402 : 376-379

Hershkovitzia Guimarães & D’Andretta, 1956

( Figs 1–8 )

Hershkovitzia Guimar „es & D’Andretta, 1956: 127. References: Maa (1965: 379; checklist); Wenzel & Tipton (1966: 393, citation; 646, ecology; 704, ecological aspects; 838, index); Machado-Allison (1967: 370, citation); Theodor (1967: 345, diagnosis); Guimar„es (1968: 4, catalog); Radovsky & Furman (1969: 393, citation); Maa (1982: 704, citation; 705, citation); Peterson & Lacey (1985: 581, key to females; 582, key to males); Peterson & Wenzel (1987: 1286, citation; 1288, citation; 1289, citation; 1318, citation); Autino et al. (1999: 141, citation); Bärtschi (2000: 6, morphological description; 9, citation; 14, citation); Graciolli (2001: 319, checklist); Graciolli & Bernard (2002: 84, host and geographic records); Graciolli (2004: 971, citation); Prevedello et al. (2005: 194, citation); Dick & Patterson (2006: 180, citation; 182, morphological description; 640, index); Graciolli et al. (2006: 35, citation; 36, citation); Graciolli et al. (2007: 155, catalog); Autino et al. (2009: 173, citation; 174, citation); Dias et al. (2009: 128, citation); Graciolli (2010: 1261, citation; 1263, ecological aspects; 1264, citation and key to genera of Nycteribiidae of the New World; 1265, synopsis of fauna); Benedito & Cunha (2013: 166, citation); Frank et al. (2014: 115, catalog and geographic distribution); Dick & Pospischil (2015: 3, geographic distribution); Dittmar et al. (2015: 258, citation); Graciolli et al. (2016: 782, catalog); Dornelles et al. (2017: 1, citation); Patterson (2017: 2, citation); Hrycyna et al. (2022: 4, key to females; 5, key to males); Graciolli & Dick (2023: 6, checklist).

Type species. Hershkovitzia primitiva Guimar „es & D’Andretta, 1956, by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Head laterally compressed. Vertex membranous. Mesonotum hexagonal, thorax wider than long. Sternal plate with two sutures. Each pair of legs of different size and morphology. Female abdomen with six ventral plates and six dorsal plates, with tergites smaller than sternites. Male abdomen with six ventral plates and five dorsal plates, with tergites wider than sternites. Both syntergite 1+2 and sternite 1+2 present in male and female. Sternite 1+ 2 in both sexes with a ctenidium covering the entire posterior margin of the sternite or its middle third.

Redescription. Head covering part of mesonotum at rest. Funnel-shaped, with narrower base. Dorsal view: eyes with a single lens, present or absent; palps widening distally or not, with varying number of setae; vertex Vshaped and membranous. Lateral view: 0–6 genal setae; antenna with pedicel developed, straight and lined with small setae; flagellum straight and entirely lined with setae; arista dendriform; 0–5 postgenal setae. Ventral view: labella shorter than thecae.

Thorax dorsoventrally flattened, wider than long. Dorsal view: pleurae and mesonotum membranous; lateral plates absent; scutellum absent; mesonotum hexagonal; 2–4 notopleural setae; thoracic spiracle present; thoracic ctenidium composed of 10–14 spines, located between coxae I and II. Ventral view: sternal plate wider than long, with anterior margin arched and posterior margin straight; oblique suture right-, obtuse- or acute-angled; median sternal suture absent; two sutures on lateral margin of sternal plate; legs inserted on dorsal portion of body, each pair of different size and morphology: first pair inserted anterior to head insertion, second pair inserted posterior to thoracic ctenidium, third pair inserted anterior to halter.

Abdomen. Female. Dorsal view: syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3 to 7 sclerotized; arrangement and chaetotaxy of tergites varied. Lateral view: seven pairs of spiracles. Ventral view: sternites (1+2, 3 to 7) sclerotized; sternite 1+2 with a ctenidium of 30 to 58 spines on posterior margin; sternites wider than tergites; shape and chaetotaxy of sternites varied.

Male. Dorsal view: syntergite 1+2, tergites 3 to 6 and anal plate sclerotized. Ventral view: sternites (1+2, 3 to 5) sclerotized; sternite 1+2 with a ctenidium of 30 to 53 spines on posterior margin; tergites wider than sternites; format and chaetotaxy of tergites and sternites varied; anal segment conical, with associated setae.

Identification key to species of Hershkovitzia

Females:

1. Abdominal ctenidium covering entire posterior margin of sternite 1+2 ( Figs 3B , 4B , 5B ). Tibia II with two rows of setae in median portion ( Fig. 4C ). Sternal plate: oblique suture right-angled (Primitiva group)............................... 2

- Abdominal ctenidium covering middle third of posterior margin of sternite 1+2 ( Figs 6B , 7B , 8B ). Tibia II with three rows of setae in apical portion ( Fig. 4D ). Sternal plate: oblique suture obtuse-angled (Inaequalis group)....................... 4

2. Eyes absent ( Fig. 4E, F ). Sternite 7 hexagonal, median region without setae ( Fig. 4B ). Notopleural suture with two setae on each side. Gena with two setae ( Fig. 4E )..................................................... H. coeca Theodor

- Eyes present ( Figs 1 , 3E, F , 5E, F , 6E, F , 7E, F , 8E, F ). Sternite 7 with rounded posterior margin. Notopleural suture with more than two associated setae. Gena with two or more setae....................................................... 3

3. Eyes with two associated setae, one located anterior and one located posterior to eye ( Fig. 5E, F ). Notopleural suture with three associated setae. Tergites whole. Postgena without setae. Gena with two setae ( Fig. 5E )....... H. cabala Peterson & Lacey

- Eyes with two associated setae, both located anterior to eye ( Fig. 3E, F ). Notopleural suture with three associated setae. Tergite 6 divided ( Fig. 3A ). Postgena with three short setae. Gena with three setae ( Fig. 3E )..................................................................................................... H. primitiva Guimarães & D’Andretta

4. Eyes with four associated setae, all located anterior to eye ( Fig. 6E, F ). Notopleural suture with four associated setae. Tergites 4, 5, and 6 divided ( Fig. 6A ). Sternites 3, 4, 5, and 6 divided ( Fig. 6B ). Sternite 7 subtriangular, with posterior margin almost straight and median portion of plate with depressions ( Fig. 6B ). Postgena with five short setae. Gena with six setae ( Fig. 6E ).................................................................................. H. inaequalis Theodor

- Eyes with two or three associated setae. Notopleural suture with two to three associated setae. Tergite 4 whole. Tergite 5 divided or whole. Sternites 3 and 4 divided or whole. Sternite 7 with other characteristics. Postgena with one or two setae. Gena with three or five setae..................................................................................... 5

5. Eyes with three associated setae, two located anterior to eye and one located between the eyes ( Fig. 7E, F ). Tergites 5 and 6 divided ( Fig. 7A ). Sternites 3, 4, 5, and 6 divided ( Fig. 7B ). Sternite 7 subtriangular, with posterior margin almost straight and depressions on lateral and medial portions of plate ( Fig. 7B ). Notopleural suture with three associated setae. Postgena with two setae. Gena with two setae ( Fig. 7E ).................................................. H. mariae Hrycyna et al.

- Eyes with two associated setae, one located between the eyes and one anterior to eye ( Fig. 8E, F ). Tergite 6 divided ( Fig. 8A ). Sternites 3 and 4 whole, sternites 5 and 6 divided. Sternite 7 with posterior and lateral margins almost straight, with depressed median region of plate well pigmented and without setae ( Fig. 8B ). Notopleural suture with two associated setae. Postgena with one seta. Gena with five setae ( Fig. 8E ).................................................... H. autinoae sp. nov.

Males:

1. Abdominal ctenidium covering entire posterior margin of sternite 1+2 ( Fig. 3D ). Notopleural suture with three associated setae............................................................................................... 2

- Abdominal ctenidium covering one third of posterior margin of sternite 1+2 ( Fig. 7D ). Notopleural suture with two or four associated setae....................................................................................... 3

2. Eyes with two associated setae, both located anterior to eye ( Fig. 3E, F ). Thoracic ctenidium with 14 spines. Postgena with three short setae. Gena with three setae ( Fig. 3E.................................. H . primitiva Guimarães & D’Andretta

- Eyes with three associated setae, two anterior to eye and one between the eyes ( Fig. 7E, F ). Thoracic ctenidium with 10 spines. Postgena with two setae. Gena with two setae ( Fig. 7E )................................... H. mariae Hrycyna et al.

3. Eyes with four associated setae, all located anterior to eye ( Fig. 6E, F ). Four setae along notopleural suture. Thoracic ctenidium with 10 spines. Postgena with five short setae. Gena with six setae ( Fig. 6E )..................... H. inaequalis Theodor

- Eyes with two associated setae. Notopleural suture with two or three associated setae. Thoracic ctenidium with 11 or 13 spines. Postgena with one or five setae. Gena with two or five setae................................................... 4

4. Eyes with two associated setae, one located between the eyes, the other anterior to eye ( Fig. 8E, F ). Notopleural suture with two associated setae. Thoracic ctenidium with 13 spines. Postgena with one seta. Gena with five setae ( Fig. 8E ).................................................................................................. H. autinoae sp. nov.

- Eyes with two associated setae, one located anterior to eye and one posterior to eye ( Fig. 5E, F ). Notopleural suture with three associated setae. Thoracic ctenidium with 11 spines. Postgena with five short setae. Gena with two setae ( Fig. 5E )..................................................................................... H. cabala Peterson & Lacey

Figures

FIGURE 1. Female of Hershkovitzia primitiva Guimar„es & D’Andretta, 1956 (MZUSP 46.107), dorsal view. Morphological terminology indicated. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Female of Hershkovitzia primitiva Guimar„es & D’Andretta, 1956 (MZUSP 46.107), ventral view. Morphological terminology indicated. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 3. Hershkovitzia primitiva Guimar„es & D’Andretta, 1956 (MZUSP 46.107). A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C. Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D); 0.01 mm (E, F).

FIGURE 4. Hershkovitzia coeca Theodor, 1967 (NHMUK 010369545).A.Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B.Abdomen, female, ventral view. C. Tibia II, lateral view, highlighting rows of transverse and ventral setae (default for Primitiva group). D. Tibia II, lateral view, highlighting rows of transverse and ventral setae (default for Inaequalis group). E. Head, lateral view F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D); 0.01 mm (E, F).

FIGURE 5. Hershkovitzia cabala Peterson & Lacey, 1985 (INPA 004163). A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C. Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D); 0.01 mm (E, F).

FIGURE 6. Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 (FMNH 89121). A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C.Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D.Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D); 0.01 mm (E, F).

FIGURE 7. Hershkovitzia mariae Hrycyna, Santos, Rebêlo & Graciolli, 2022 (ZUFMS 707615). A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C. Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D); 0.01 mm (E, F).

FIGURE 8. Hershkovitzia autinoae sp. nov. (ZUFMS 2379/2380) A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C.Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D.Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D); 0.01 mm (E, F).