Taraxippus samarae, Conle & Hennemann & Valero, 2020
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.51328 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB2E7A21-C67E-444D-941A-E77CBBABAF71 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/400FD424-309B-41D6-ADF5-8A2FF0C37B08 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:400FD424-309B-41D6-ADF5-8A2FF0C37B08 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Taraxippus samarae |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Figs 3c, f, i View Fig. 3 , 4a-c View Fig. 4 , 5 View Fig. 5 , 6 View Fig. 6 , 7 View Fig. 7 , 8 View Fig. 8
Differentiation. -
Males are readily differentiated from those of T. perezgelaberti sp. nov. by being winged. Furthermore, they differ from that species by bearing distinct lateral foliaceous projections on abdominal segments V-VII and having the apex of the antler-like mesonotal processes bifurcate (Figs 5 View Fig. 5 , 6 View Fig. 6 ). Females differ from the other two known species of the genus by the broadened subgenital plate, apically bifurcate antler-like processes of the mesonotum, and unarmed abdominal sternum VI (at best tiny granules) and terga (Fig. 3 View Fig. 3 ). Eggs readily differ from those of T. perezgelaberti sp. nov. by their rectangular cross-section, flattened lateral surfaces, setae-like long, slender marginal fringes that usually are free at the apex, as well as having fringes along the outer margin of the micropylar plate (Fig. 4 View Fig. 4 ).
Type material and specimens examined. -
HT, ♂: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, Limón Prov., 10°03'17.1"N, 83°33'05.6"W, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [ ZSMC].
PT, ♀: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, Limón Prov., 10°03'17.1"N, 83°33'05.6"W, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [ ZSMC].
PT, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, ♀ nymph: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, Limón Prov., 10°03'17.1"N, 83°33'05.6"W, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [OC, No. 0536-(3-7)].
PT, ♀: COSTA RICA, Pocoá, Finca INBio, Bosque Lluvioso, Limón Prov., 200-300 m, 22.ix.2004, night, J. Mata, Colecta Libre, L_N_241740_S51770, #95228; INB0004179712, INBIOCRI COSTA RICA; DNA Barcoding E. Ulate, CCDB-15936 D04 [ INBIO].
PT, ♀, 15 eggs: PANAMA, Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera, Coclé Prov., 8°40'5.53"N, 80°35'33.48"W, vii.2019, O. Conle, P. Valero [OC, No. 0536-1, 2].
PT, 11 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 12 eggs: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, Limón Prov., iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder, Ex Zucht B. Kneubühler 2019, F1 [OC, No. 0536-(8-29)].
PT, ♂, ♀, egg: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, Limón Prov., iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder, Ex Zucht B. Kneubühler 2019, F1 [FH, No. 1200-1, 2 and E].
Distribution. -
So far only known from Costa Rica ( Limón Province: Siquirres and Pocoá) and Panama ( Coclé Province, Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera) (Fig. 9 View Fig. 9 ).
Etymology. -
This stunning new species is named after Samara, the daughter of Jürg Sommerhalder (Switzerland), who found the holotype and several paratypes in March 2018 in Costa Rica.
Description. -
In this species, all spines and multispinose processes have blunt apices.
♀♀ (Figs 3c, f, i View Fig. 3 , 7 View Fig. 7 , 8a-c View Fig. 8 ). Medium to large for the genus (body length 54.7-71.1 mm). Apterous. General color various shades of brown, usually with green markings (especially in foliaceous projections) and a dorsal longitudinal pale cream stripe from the head to the end of the abdomen. Eyes dark brown with a yellowish-green reticulate pattern. Entire body (including antennae) setose.
Head: Slightly longer than wide, broadest at the eyes and slightly narrowed towards the posterior. Vertex slightly raised, rounded, convex, and armed with a crown-like ornamentation formed by eight prominent antler-like projections, with reddish brown and blunt apex. Genae with a pale cream longitudinal postocular carina that ends in a small spiniform tubercle. Eyes prominent, almost spherical, and their length about 2 × that of genae. Antennae filiform, reaching to median segment. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, about 2 × longer than wide and with two exterior foliaceous projections towards apex. Pedicellus cylindrical and somewhat constricted towards apex.
Thorax: Pronotum slightly wider than long and the transverse median sulcus distinctly impressed, expanding over the entire width of segment; entire surface irregularly granulated. Four enlarged, spiniform tubercles in posterior half, two towards the lateral and two towards the dorsal. Mesonotum 3.2 × longer than pronotum; distinctly swollen premedially, densely granulose and with irregular spiniform tubercles; at widest area with two dorsal distinctly outward-directed, multispinose processes bifurcated at apex; two smaller dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior margin; lateral margins bearing multispinose projections, increasing in size towards the widest area. Mesosternum rough, with small spiniform tubercles along the lateral margins. Metanotum widened towards the posterior, roundly constricted medially; sculptured with four dorsal small multispinose projections, two medially and two close to the posterior margin; 0.5 × longer than mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae granulated and with a marginal row of small spiniform tubercles.
Abdomen: Median segment almost half the length of metanotum, usually with two dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior, variable in size. Abdomen excluding median segment almost equal in length to head and thorax combined. Segments III-IV strongly increasing in width, V widest segment (2.5 × wider than long), VI-VII narrowing towards the posterior. Terga II-VIII with the lateral margins posteriorly expanded into a dentate and foliaceous projection; this strongly increasing in size from II-VI and decreasing in size towards VII. All terga with two irregular and sub-parallel longitudinal median carinae, usually with expanded foliaceous projections, distinctly large in VIII-IX. Praeopercular organ formed by a small dark blunt tubercle close to the posterior margin of sternum VII. Anal segment 0.8 × longer than tergum IX, tectiform, broadened basally; posterior margin rounded. Supraanal plate well developed, tectiform, slightly longer than wide, projecting over the anal segment and almost reaching the end of the subgenital plate to form a beak-like structure. Cerci green, long, laterally compressed, with tipped apex, projecting over the anal segment. Subgenital plate slightly convex, shovel-like, with a median keel, ratio length/max. width ≈ 1.8 ×, posterior margin narrowed but not acute and usually not projecting over the anal segment.
Legs: Profemora slightly compressed basally. Dorsal and ventral carinae of all femora, as well as dorsal carinae of all tibiae, armed with some irregular dentate lobes. Tarsi elongated and slender.
♂♂ (Figs 5 View Fig. 5 , 6 View Fig. 6 , 8d View Fig. 8 ). Medium to large for the genus (body length 45.8-54.2 mm) and fully winged. General color various shades of brown, usually with irregular green markings (especially in foliaceous projections and tegmina). Anal area of the wings greyish brown, translucent. Eyes dark brown with a yellowish-green reticulate pattern. Entire body (including antennae) setose.
Head: Slightly longer than wide, broadest at the eyes and slightly narrowed towards the posterior. Vertex slightly raised, rounded, convex, and armed with a crown-like ornamentation formed by eight prominent antler-like projections, with reddish brown and blunt apex. Genae with a longitudinal postocular carina that ends in a small spiniform tubercle. Eyes prominent, almost spherical and their length about 2 × that of genae. Antennae reaching to abdominal segment V. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, about 2 × longer than wide and with two exterior foliaceous projections towards apex. Pedicellus cylindrical and somewhat constricted towards apex.
Thorax: Pronotum slightly wider than long and the transverse median sulcus distinctly impressed, expanding over the entire width of segment; entire surface irregularly granulated. Four enlarged, spiniform tubercles in posterior half, two towards the lateral and two towards the dorsal. Mesonotum 2.8 × longer than pronotum; swollen premedially, densely granulose and with irregular spiniform tubercles; at widest area with two dorsal distinctly outward-directed, multispinose processes bifurcated at apex; two smaller dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior margin; lateral margins bearing spines, increasing in size towards the widest area. Mesosternum rough, with small, spiniform, pale cream tubercles along the lateral margins. Metanotum slightly widened towards the posterior; 0.7 × longer than mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae granulated and with a marginal row of small spiniform tubercles. Tegmina not reaching the posterior margin of metanotum and with a fairly acute central spine; the basal portion notably narrowed and the posterior margin rounded. Alae reaching to abdominal segment VII.
Abdomen: Unarmed. Median segment about one-quarter the length of metanotum. Abdomen excluding median segment slightly longer than head and thorax combined. Segments II-VII almost equal in length and width. Terga III-IV with the lateral margins deflexed into a tiny irregularly foliaceous projection. Terga V-VIII with the lateral margins deflexed into a prominent irregularly foliaceous projection, which projects laterally by more than two-thirds the width of segment in V-VII and one-third in VIII. Anal segment 0.7 × longer than tergum IX, tectiform, broadened basally; posterior margin rounded. Cerci green, long, and almost cylindrical, projecting over the anal segment. Vomer triangular, widened at base, and acute at apex. Poculum strongly convex, the posterior portion granulated, with an irregular median keel; posterior margin rounded.
Legs: Profemora slightly compressed basally. Dorsal and ventral carinae of all femora, as well as dorsal carinae of all tibiae, armed with some irregular dentate lobes. Tarsi elongated and slender.
Measurements (in mm). -
♂, HT: Body 47.3, head 3.6, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 7.8, metanotum 7.2, median segment 1.8, profemora 11.4, mesofemora 9.1, metafemora 10.7, protibia 10.2, mesotibia 10.3, metatibia 12.8, tegmina 6.4, alae 30.1, antennae >27.0.
♂♂, PT: Body 45.8-54.2, head 3.8-4.5, pronotum 1.9-3.0, mesonotum 7.3-7.9, metanotum 6.4-7.9, median segment 1.5-1.9, profemora 10.3-12.3, mesofemora 9.1-10.7, metafemora 11.4-12.7, protibia 10.2-12.2, mesotibia 10.2-11.4, metatibia 12.2-15.2, tegmina 6.4-7.1, alae 27.5-31.1, antennae >30.0.
♀♀, PT: Body 54.7-71.1, head 6.6-7.8, pronotum 3.7-4.7, mesonotum 11.5-14.8, metanotum 6.3-8.5, median segment 2.2-2.7, profemora 11.4-14.9, mesofemora 9.7-13.2, metafemora 11.5-16.0, protibia 11.3-15.2, mesotibia 11.1-14.4, metatibia 14.4-18.6, antennae >26.0.
Egg (Fig. 4a-c View Fig. 4 ): General color chestnut brown. Capsule 2.6 × longer than wide and 1.6 × longer than high. General shape of capsule cuboid, with the lateral surfaces flattened and almost parallel and the dorsal surface slightly convex. In lateral aspect, slightly widened medially. Lateral longitudinal carinae set with a row of long and slender fringes, usually branched and somewhat connected laterally by a kind of brownish translucent membrane. Lateral surfaces with a reticulate pattern of carinae. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of egg each with a longitudinal median row of hairy structures. Micropylar plate positioned medially on the dorsal egg surface and roughly half the length of capsule; shape spearhead-like and pointed towards anterior; surface unarmed and outer margin set with moderately long hairy structures. Micropylar cup small and placed in posterior one-quarter of plate. Operculum oval, flat, and with the outer margin set with a row of the same long feather-like fringes seen along the longitudinal outer carinae of the egg-capsule; no capitulum.
Measurements (in mm). -
Egg, PT: length 3.6, width 1.2, height 2.3, length of micropylar plate 1.9.
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