Trigonosciadium lasiocarpum (Boiss.) Alava, Fl. Iranica, 1987

Eroğlu, Hüseyin, Behçet, Lütfi & Pinar, Süleyman Mesut, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the genus Trigonosciadium (Apiaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 313 (1), pp. 43-60 : 53-54

4. Trigonosciadium lasiocarpum (Boiss.) Alava, Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 514 (1987) ( Figs 4–8 ).

Type:— [ TURKEY / ARMENIA]. In Armenia, Aucher 2853. Lectotype (designated by Alava 1987): ( P [digital image!] barcode number: P00476394 ).

Synonyms: — Malabaila lasiocarpa Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 1: 337 (1844), basionym; Pastinaca lasiocarpa (Boiss.) Koso-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 29: 112 (1915).

Biennial, herbaceous, 30–80 cm, with petiole remains at the base of stem. Root swollen fusiform, 1–2(–5) paired. Stem erect, lower part 4–5 angled, striate, completely purple or purple spotted, glabrous to lanate below. Leaves 1- pinnate, rarely first leaf segment 1-pinnatipartite, at the lower part of stem 7(9), at the middle 5, at the upper part 3, paired, ovate-oblong, sometimes terminal leaflet 3-lobed, leaflets serrate on margin. Petiole sheath well-developed, ovate-oblong. Rays 2–33, 1–11 cm, unequal, pilose. Raylets 13–30, 3–11 mm, pilose. Bracts 1–10, 2–30 mm, linear, pilose, rarely expanded and pinnate. Bracteoles 2–7, 2–10 mm, linear, pilose, longer than pedicels. Sepals 0.5– 1 mm, linear-lanceolate, inconspicuous. Petals 5, yellow or rarely yellowish-orange, emarginate, hairy at the bottom, the outer slightly radiant, 2–3 mm. Styles ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Stigma capitate. Stylopodium cupular with undulate margin. Fruit 6–14 × 6–13 mm, orbicular obcordate-obovate to obcordate, margin rarely purple and undulate, dorsal surface of mericarp pilose and hirsute, hairs on the seed portion longer; commissural surface of mericarp glabrous; dorsal vittae 4, filiform, usually reaching 2/3 of mericarp; commissural vittae 2, reaching 2/3 of mericarp, vittae conspicuous. Pollen grains in monads, tricolporate, subprolate ( P / E: 1.85); surface ornamentation rugulate.

Phenology:— Flowering occurs from May to June.

Distribution:— Endemic to Turkey (Eastern Anatolia).

Habitat:— This species generally grows in steppes, roadsides and woodlands.

Threat category:— During our field studies, populations of T. lasiocarpum were found in B7, B8, B9, C6, C8, and C9 squares. The species is widespread and populations are plenty of mature individuals, and therefore it should be labelled as ‘Least Concern’ (LC).

Examined specimens:— B7 Malatya: between Malatya and Elazığ in the Kozluk Village , landside, 38°22ʹ59ʺN, 38°47ʹ46ʺE, 1388 m, 10 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1041 ( VANF!) ; Elazığ: Maden, near the Tekevler Village , steppe, 38º29ʹ25ʺN, 39º36ʹ16ʺE, 1250 m, 10 June 2013, H. Eroğlu 1039 ( VANF!) ; B9 Van: between Van and Çatak, 500 m to Görentaş Village , roadside, fallow fields, 38°08ʹ58ʺN, 43°11ʹ38ʺE, 2215 m, 10 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1023 ( VANF!) ; ibidem, 20 June 2013, H. Eroğlu 1035 ( VANF!) ; Van, Kuskunkıran Pass , steppe, 36°22ʹ53ʺN, 42°46ʹ52ʺE, 2192 m, 15 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1028 ( VANF!) ; Van: between Van and Tatvan 20 km to Tatvan, around Ulu Village , steppe, 38°23ʹ26ʺN, 42°38ʹ08ʺE, 1700 m, 10 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1036 ( VANF!) ; ibidem, 24 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1040 ( VANF!) ; Bitlis: Pelli Mountain , 7 July 1954, Davis 22447 & O. Polunin ( ANK!) ; Bitlis: Karz Mountain, Kotum , 28 June 1954, Davis 22279 & O. Polunin ( ANK!) ; Bitlis: Tatvan, Tatvan to Van, after 5 km from Tatvan , oakland, 1800– 1900 m, 24 June 1983, T. Ekim ( GAZI!) ; Bitlis: Deliktaş Hamlet , shrubbery, 1450 m, 30 May 2001, A. Altıok 1194 ( VANF!) ; Bitlis: Adilcevaz, Ziyarettepe , limestone places, 2000 m, 13 June 1988 L. Behçet 840 ( VANF!) ; Bitlis: Tatvan, 4. Km of Kesan Stream , meadows, 1700 m, 12 June 2005, T. Çelik 583 ( VANF!) ; C6 Kahramanmaraş: northwest slopes of Ahır Mountain , between Sarıçukur and Maksutlu, dry limestone and volcanic slopes, Pinus brutia forest, 800–1000 m, 22 May 1996, A. J. Byfield & S. Atay B2531 ( ISTE!) ; C7 Malatya: Sürgü, solpes of Kubbe Mountain , rocky slopes, 42°53ʹ11ʺN, 41°27ʹ06ʺE, 1 June 2011, B. Özüdoğru 3046 ( HUB!) ; C8 Mardin: 5 km east of Mardin, limestone slopes, 1200 m, 25 May 1957, Davis & Hedge 28589 ( ANK!) ; Mardin: around of Bakırkırı picnic area, landside, 37°19ʹ18ʺN, 40°45ʹ45ʺE, 1000 m, 6 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1037 ( VANF!) ; C9 Siirt: Eruh, between Eruh and Şırnak, across the Eruh garbage dump, roadside, steppe, 37°44ʹ31ʺN, 42°12ʹ44ʺE, 1015 m, 9 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1038 ( VANF!) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Trigonosciadium lasiocarpum: A) habit; B) fruiting inflorescence; C) flower; D) dorsal surface of fruit; E) commissural surface of fruit; F) cross section of fruit.

FIGURE 5. Trigonosciadium tuberosum: A) general habit in nature; B) white flowers; C) pink bottom flowers; D) fruit. T. viscidulum: E) general habit in nature; F) flowers; G) undulate margin fruit; H) flat margin fruit. T. intermedium: I) general habit in nature; J) flowers; K) sepals; L) fruit. T. lasiocarpum: M) general habit in nature; N) flowers; O) lanate hairs on stem; P) fruit.

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Trigonosciadium species in Turkey: (▲) T. tuberosum, (□) T. viscidulum, (●) T, intermedium, () T. lasiocarpum.

FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of pollen grains. Trigonosciadium tuberosum: A) polar view; B) ornamentation. T. viscidulum: C) polar view; D) ornamentation. T. intermedium: E) polar view; F) ornamentation. T. lasiocarpum: G) polar view; H) ornamentation.

FIGURE 8. Fruits of Trigonosciadium species. T. tuberosum: A) dorsal surface of fruit; B) commissural surface of fruit; C) SEM micrograph of fruit.T. viscidulum: D) dorsal surface of fruit; E) commissural surface of fruit; F) SEM micrograph of fruit. T. intermedium: G) dorsal surface of fruit; H) commissural surface of fruit; I) SEM micrograph of fruit. T. lasiocarpum: J) dorsal surface of fruit; K) commissural surface of fruit; L) SEM micrograph of fruit.