Tonzidae Kobayashi & Sohn, 2018

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Matsuoka, Haruka, Kimura, Masaaki, Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Yoshiyasu, Yutaka & Lees, David C., 2018, Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa, European Journal of Taxonomy 443, pp. 1-32 : 4-17

Family Tonzidae Kobayashi & Sohn fam. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E5EB9E2-2A60-4D77-94C5-6F02A7A92F44

Figs 1–13

Type genus

Tonza Walker, 1864 .

Diagnosis

ADULT. Maxillary palpi three-segmented; ocelli and chaetosema absent ( Fig. 8 C–D); antennae slightly longer than or same length as forewing ( Fig. 1 ); forewings with slightly protruding apex and tornus; forewing termen oblique or concave; only two radial sector veins present, RS1 on apex and RS2 on termen ( Kobayashi et al. 2015; Fig. 1F ); in the male genitalia ( Kobayashi et al. 2015; Fig. 2 A–D), uncus small with a pair of long processes; socii with long terminal setae; valva elongate with several small spines and plate arising from middle to base of valva; in the female genitalia ( Kobayashi et al. 2015; Fig. 2E ), lamella antevaginalis sclerotized, covering sternite VIII; antrum slender; inception of ductus seminalis at the middle of corpus bursae (after Kobayashi et al. 2015).

MATURE LARVA (BASED ON T . citrorrhoa). Seta L2 on A1–A8 very small ( Fig. 6 C–D); Seta D1 of A9 segment markedly more slender than D2 ( Fig. 6E ); A3, A4 and A10 with the ventral prolegs absent for A5 and A6 ( Fig. 4A, G ).

PUPA. Vertex with triangular frontal process ( Fig. 10 A–D); dorsum of A2–A9 without spines ( Fig. 7 B– C); four minute knobs postioned in the middle portion on A5 and A6 ( Fig. 10 C–F); lateral side of abdomen with protuberances at spiracles ( Fig. 7B); A10 furcate with Y-shaped caudal processes, slightly

rolled on ventral side; three pairs of spiny hooked setae from apex of caudal processes ( Fig. 12 ), the hook furcate as a pair of W-shaped spines with numerous minute spines ( Fig. 12 G–L).

Figures

Fig. 1. Female adult of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE 2018IV0005), host: Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz., from Yonaguni Is., Okinawa Pref., Japan. A. Adult specimen. B. Resting posture of adult, dorso-lateral view. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A tree estimated by neighbor-joining analysis under Kimura’s two-parameter distance model using DNA barcode sequence, retrieved from BOLD identification system (IDS). Branch lengths are proportional to distances. Sequence with ID started from “SK-” is obtained from the present study, and the others are from the BOLD database. The letters within square brackets refer to the collection site of specimens as follows: Au = Australia; Ca = Canada; Cr = Costa Rica; Ec = Ecuador; Eu = Europe; Gh = Ghana; Ja = Japan; Ma = Macedonia; Pa = Pakistan; Pg = Papua New Guinea; Sk = South Korea; Ta = Taiwan; Un = Unknown; Us = United States; Ve = Venezuela. Asterisks show the superfamily Yponomeutoidea.

Fig. 3. Larvae and pupae of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 on Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz. A. Tree of hostplant and larval webs. B. Later larva forming web on young leaves. C. Later larva, lateral view. D. Mature larva, dorsal view. E. Same, ventral view. F. Pupa, ventral view. G. Same, lateral view. H. Pupa at the joint of some cross silken threads, lateral view.

Fig. 4. Mature larva of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0031|SK600). A. Gene- ral, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Head and prothorax, dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Jugular glands, lateral view. G. A3, 4. H. Proleg on abdominal segment 3. I. Same, on abdominal segment 4. J. Spiracle on abdominal segment 8. K. Anal proleg, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Mature larval head of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0031|SK600, 0025|SK603, 0026|SK604). A. Head capsule, frontal view. B. Same, rear view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Labrum, frontal view. E. Same, rear view. F. Mandible, inner view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, A3 = anterior setae; Af1, Af2 = adfrontal setae; Afa = pore between setae Af1 and Af2; at = antenna; C1, C2 = clypeal setae; F1 = frontal seta; Fa: pore on the frons; L1 = lateral seta; lb = labium; lp = labial palpus; M1, M2 = mandibular setae; MD1, MD2 = microdorsal setae; MG1 = microgenal seta; mp = maxillary palpus; P1, P2 = posteriodorsal setae; S1, S2, S3 = stemmatal setae; spr = spinneret; SS1, SS2, SS3 = substemmatal setae; stm = stemma.

Fig. 6. Mature larval thorax and abdominal segment of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN- LE2018IV0031|SK600, 0025|SK603, 0026|SK604). A. Thorax segment 1–3. B. Thoracic leg on thorax segment 1. C. A 1–4. D. A5–9. E. A9–10. F. Anal shield. Abbreviations: ans = anal shield; apl = anal proleg; Ba = claw, lateral view; Bb = same, frontal view; D1, D2 = dorsal setae; L1, L2, L3 = lateral setae; MD1 = microdorsal seta; MV3 = microventral seta; SD1, SD2 = subdorsal setae; sp = spiracle; SV1, SV2, SV3 = subventral setae; V1 = ventral seta; XD1, XD2 = XD group, dorsal setae on the anterior margin of the T1.

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the adult of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (A, C = OPU-IN-LE2018IV0033, unsexed; B, E–I = 0034, male). A–D. Head. E–I. Cilia. A. Right side, lateral view. B. Left side, lateral view. C–D. Vertex and eye. E. Apical cilia on forewing. F–G. Cilia of dorsum on hindwing. H–I. Apical cilia on hindwing.

Fig. 10. SEMs of the pupal head and abdomen of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0018–0020). A. Frontal process, ventral view. B. Head, lateral view. C. Frontal process, dorsal view. D. Same, lateral view. E. Face, ventral view. F. A5, ventral view. G. Setae of abdominal tergum 6. H. Same, A7. I. A5–A7, dorsal view.

Fig. 12. SEMs of pupal abdominal segments A9–A10 of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN- LE2018IV0018 -0020). A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Middle portion of A10. E. Ventral setae of A9. F. Lateral seta of A10. G. Dorsal setae of A10. H. Apical setae of right process of cremaster, ventral view. I. Same, left process. J. Left process of cremaster, lateral view. K–L. Apical setae of right process of cremaster, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ds = dorsal seta; ls = lateral seta; sds = subdorsal seta; svs = subventral seta; vs = ventral seta.