Astragalus sanguineus Rydb., N. Amer. Fl.

Castillón, Eduardo Estrada, Quintanilla, José Ángel Villarreal, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso & Rebman, Jon P., 2023, The genus Astragalus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Galegeae) in Mexico, Phytotaxa 586 (1), pp. 1921-1935 : 1921-1935

87. Astragalus sanguineus Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24(7): 443. 1929

Type:— MEXICO, Coahuila, 40 miles S of Saltillo, Sierra Madre , 1880, E. Palmer 243, (holotype: US 00001545 digital image!, NY 00005842!, P 00585160 digital image!, PH 00005538 digital image!; isotype NA 0095605 digital image!, GH 00059436 digital image!, US 00930819 digital image!, NY 00005841 !) .

Perennial. Stems up to 52 cm long, ascending when young or old plants, frequently prostrate in old plants, strigose, the trichomes short, up to 0.4 mm long, appressed o almost so. Stipules 3–14 mm long, free, triangular to lanceolate. Leaves 6–28 cm long, leaflets 17–39, 4–28 mm long, elliptic, obovate, to somewhat rhombic, obtuse, mucronate, rarely acute or notched apically, commonly adaxially glabrate. Peduncles 5–25 cm long, erect to curved or humistrate by the weight of the mature fruits; the racemes 2–11 cm long, flowers 7–16. Flowers red; the calyx 1.1–1.3 × 0.3–0.4 cm, reddish, strigose, the tube 7.5–9 mm long cylindrical, the teeth 3–4.7 mm long, lanceolate; the banner 22–32 × 9–15 mm, almost straight, obovate to oblanceolate to rhombic; the wings 18–31 × 2.5–5 mm, the claw 9.6–12 mm long, narrow oblong to lanceolate; the keel 18–27 × 3.5–5 mm, the claw 8.9–12 mm long, the blade 10.4–14 mm long, oblanceolate, distally somewhat oblique. Pod 2–4.5 x 1–2.5 cm, sessile, ascendant or humistrate with age and fruits ripen, elliptic, obong to obovate or subglobose, basally cuneate, distally ending in a contracted conic beak, ventrally carinate, the valves somewhat fleshy to leathery and stiff, minute strigose, wrinkled-reticulate, green to ochre-reddish when young, brown-ochre or with reddish tones with age, septum complete, the pod thence bilocular; ovules 34–52; seeds 2.7–4 mm long, mitten shaped, black.

Distribution:— Endemic to Mexico, northern Mexico, in central (Cuatrociénegas), western (Progreso and Escobedo) and southwestern (Saltillo y Arteaga) Coahuila; central Nuevo León (Santiago and Galeana); southern Tamaulipas (Sierra de La Tapona, 23°20’N – 99°40’W) and Durango (highway between Durango and Lerdo City). Abundant in some areas ( Fig. 25 ).

Habitat:— In mountain and high plateaus; calcareous, clayey and gypsum soils; roadside; scrubland; grazed pastures; pine forest; creosote bush scrubland; oak-pine forests; pine - douglas fir forest; streams with abundant weeds; associations of oak, maple, cypress, juniper; chaparral and oak forests with maguey, sotol, mahogany; wet oak forest; wlanut - oak forest; oak forest; disturbed areas; roadside; 1750–2520 m.

Comments:— The other two species with red flowers are A. helleri (Veracruz) , and A. coccineus (Peninsula of Baja California).

Specimens examined:—COAHUILA: 11 September 1991, Rancho La Cruz , aprox. 25 km por la brecha Ocampo-Sierra Mojada, entrando por el Rancho San Pedro, M. A. Carranza C-1192, L. García S. ( CIIDIR) ; 27 May 1980, Ejido El Puerto , Aprox. 6 km de Los Lirios, Mpiop. Arteaga, J. A. Villarreal 105, R. L. Aguillón ( CIIDIR) ; 22 March 1980, 1 km al E de San José de los Nuncios, Mpio. Ramos Arizpe, J. Valdés, s.n. ( ANSM) ; 5 August 1975, Valle de los Ángeles, Sierra de La Paila, Mpio. Ramos Arizpe, J. Passini 4687, M. F. Robert ( ANSM, ENCB) ; 20 October 1987, Sierra La Concordia , 6 km al NE de La Victoria, J. A. Villarreal 4103, M. A. Carranza, A. Rodríguez ( ANSM) ; 27 July 1977, Mpio. Cuatro Ciénegas , Cañón del Desiderio, 0.1 miles down E from junction of E and W forks ans ca. 0.. 2 miles up form lower jacal 9 miles by road W from Rancho Cerro de la Madera, J. Valdéz R. 1083, T. Wendt ( ANSM) ; 28 October 2007, Sierra de Zapalinamé , al suroeste de la Ciudad de Saltillo, S. G. Gómez, 528, M. A. Hernández, J. Robledo ( ANSM, IBUG, IEB, MEXU) ; 21 March 2005, Camino del Cuatro , exposición noroeste de la sierra, J. A. Encina 1398, F. J. Encina, J. M. Guillermo ( ANSM, MEXU) ; 2 May 1977, ca 28 (air) miles WSW of Cuatro Cienegas, in limestone Canon los Pozos, ca 5 (rd) miles W of Rancho Cerro de la Madera towards Cañon, J. Henrickson 15990, E. Lee ( ANSM, IEB, MEXU) ; 26 July 2003, Sierra de Zapalinamé , Camino del Cuatro, exposición norte de la Sierra, J. A. Encina 1150, S. Marines, R. Pineda ( ANSM, IBUG) ; 28 September 2001, Sierra de Zapalinamé , Cañón de Boca Negra, J. A. Encina 937, S. D. Cruz, E. López V. ( ANSM) ; 26 August 2000, Sierra de Zapalinamé , Cañón El León, al NW del Ejido El Diamante, J. A. Encina 607, I. Portes ( ANSM) ; 2 June 2000, Sierra de Arteaga , el Edán, 5 km al E de San Juan de los Dolores, J. A. Villarreal 9002, M. A. Carranza, I. Ramírez ( ANSM, ENCB, MEXU) ; 22 March 1980, Los Gallineros , 2 km al S de Ramos Aizpe , Carretera Monterrey-Saltillo, Mpio. Ramos Arizpe, J. Valdés R. s.n. ( ANSM) ; 1 April 2015, al E de la Sierra Zapalinamé , 650 m al NE del Ejido Sierra Hermosa, J. A. Encina 4405, J. M. Cárdens, L. West P. ( ANSM) ; 28 July 1982, Rancho Los Ángeles , 54 km al S de Saltillo, J. A. Villarreal 1629, S. Villaseñor, M. A. Carranza ( ANSM) ; 23 June 1976, Canon de la Hacienda, Sierra de la Madera , NW of Cuatro Cienagas, D. J. Pinkava P13646, McGill, Reeves, Nash ( NY) ; 6 September 1939, Cuatrocienegas. Sierra de la Madera, C. H. Muller 3180 ( NY, TEX-LL) ; 15 March 1983, Sierra de la Madera : upper Cañada Desiderio (10 km W Cerro de la Madera), S. A. Thompson 524, J. E. Rawlins, A. Zimmerman ( NY) ; 2/ 3 August 1973, Cañon de la Gavia above (S. of) Rancho de la Gavia, M. C. Johnston 12038 C, T. L. Wendt, F. Chiang, R. Riskind ( NY) ; 25 July 1880 / 1 August 1880, Canyon and elevated portion of Sierra Madre, 12–14 leagues S of Saltillo, E. Palmer 243 ( NY) ; 8 August 1976, 75 (air) miles S of Big Bend National Park basin, S central portion of Valle de Pinos (Vacas) of the Sierra Santa Fe del Pino, J. Henrickson 15119, B. Prigge ( IEB, MEXU) ; 27 July 1995, Los Lirios —El Cercado. Hinton et al. 25435 ( IEB, MEXU, TEX-LL) ; 10 August 1976, 29 (air) miles WNW of Cuatro CiEnegas on the N slope of the Sierra de la Madera , 7.8 (rd) miles W of Rancho Cerro de la Madera, on trail to Cañon Desiderio, J. Hernickson 15249, B. Prigge ( MEXU) ; 3 May 2004, Coahuila, J. Henrickson 23519, B. VanDen Heuvel ( MEXU) ; 15 August 1975, Sierra Santa Fe del Pino , Mpio. Villa Ocampo, J. Passini 5029, M. F. Robert ( ENCB) ; 15 August 1975, Sierra Santa Fe del Pino , Mpio. Villa Ocampo, J. Passini 5929, M. F. Robert ( ENCB) ; 23 March 1961, 5 km al N de Valle de los Ángeles, H. Mendiola s.n. ( ENCB) ; 14 March 1977, Cañon Desiderío (N-draining): mid-canyon, 0.1 mi. down ( E) from jct. f E & Wforks, and 0.2 mi. up from lower jacal; 9.0 mi by road W from Rancho Cerro de la Madera, T. Wendt 1913, E. Lot, R. G. Olmstead ( ENCB) ; 9 March 1983, Sierra La Martha , Camino a Cola de Caballo, Mpio. Santiago, Villarreal s.n. ( CIIDIR) . DURANGO: 3 April 1976, Km 85 Carretera Durango-Lerdo, J. A. Acosta G., s.n. ( ANSM, MEXU) ; 10 August 1976, J.S. Henrickson, B. Prigge ( TEX-LL) . NUEVO LEÓN: 12 April 2003, E. Estrada 15483, C. Yen ( ANSM, MEXU) ; 12 June 1985, Pablillo , Galeana, NL, J. A. Villarreal 30131, J. Elizondo, L. Arce ( ANSM) ; 24 March 1985, El Carrizo, Galeana , N.L, G. B. Hinton 18799 ( CIIDIR, ENCB, IBUG, IEB, MEXU) ; 9 March 1983, J. A. Villarreal s.n., M. A. Carranza, A. Orta ( CIIDIR) ; 20 June 1972, F. Chiang, T. Wendt, M. C. Johnston 8064 ( MEXU, NY) ; 21 June 1987, Camino “Cola de Caballo” at “Manzano”, E. Estrada 1286 ( MEXU, NY) ; 3 April 1969, Rio Santa Rosa , I. González Q. 3880 ( CAS, ENCB, IEB, MEXU) ; 27 February1991, Ladera E del Cerro Potosí, E. Pérez C. 2086, S. Zamudio ( IEB, MEXU) ; 20 March 1992, Enrramadas , nr. Galeana, N. L, Hinton et al. 21857 ( IEB, MEXU) ; 16 March 1976, M. D. Whalen 322 ( IEB) ; 16 March 1981, Ca. 26 mi E of jame at ca. Base of S. La Viga B. L. & Gayle Turner B, L. Turner 15028, G. Turner ( MEXU) . TAMAULIPAS: 15 April 1986, Sierra La Concordia , 6 km al NE La Victoria, L. Hernández 1770 ( ANSM) ; 16 June 1984, Sierra de la Tapona entronque carn. Cd. Victoria, J. Valdéz 115, M. A. Carranza ( ANSM, CIIDIR, ENCB, MEXU) ; 16 April 1976, 15 km al N de La Perdida, rumbo a Valle Hermoso, F. González M. 8665, P. Hiriart, E. Guevara, G. Ramos, A. Castellanos, P. Zavaleta ( ENCB, MEXU) ; 16 June 1984, Sierra de la Tapona entronque carn. Cd. Victoria, R. V. Reyna 115, M. A. Carranza ( MEXU) ; 16 April 1984, Sierra de la Tapona , entronque carr. Cd. Victoria, R. V. Reyna 115, M. A. Carranza ( IEB) .

Figures

FIGURE 25. Map showing the distribution of Astragalus sanguineus, A. scalaris, A. scutaneus, A. sinaloae, and A. spellenbergii in Mexico.