HYSTRICOGNATHI Brandt 1855

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Bathyergidae, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1538-1542 : 1538

HYSTRICOGNATHI Brandt 1855

Families: 17 families with 73 genera and 285 species:

Family Bathyergidae Waterhouse 1841 (5 genera with 16 species and 16 subspecies)

Family Hystricidae G. Fischer 1817 (3 genera with 11 species and 7 subspecies)

Family Petromuridae Wood 1955 (1 genus with 1 species and 15 subspecies)

Family Thryonomyidae Pocock 1922 (1 genus with 2 species and 2 subspecies)

Family Erethizontidae Bonaparte 1845 (5 genera with 16 species and 14 subspecies)

Family Chinchillidae Bennett 1833 (3 genera with 7 species and 25 subspecies)

Family Dinomyidae Peters 1873 (1 genus with 1 species)

Family Caviidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 (6 genera with 18 species and 27 subspecies)

Family Dasyproctidae Bonaparte 1838 (2 genera with 13 species and 29 subspecies)

Family Cuniculidae Miller and Gidley 1918 (1 genus with 2 species and 5 subspecies)

Family Ctenomyidae Lesson 1842 (1 genus with 60 species and 27 subspecies)

Family Octodontidae Waterhouse 1839 (8 genera with 13 species and 3 subspecies)

Family Abrocomidae Miller and Gidley 1918 (2 genera with 10 species and 2 subspecies)

Family Echimyidae Gray 1825 (21 genera with 90 species and 33 subspecies)

Family Myocastoridae Ameghino 1904 (1 genus with 1 species and 4 subspecies)

Family Capromyidae Smith 1842 (8 genera with 20 species and 7 subspecies)

Family Heptaxodontidae Anthony 1917 (4 genera with 4 species)

Discussion: Originally used as a tribe (Tribus) by Tullberg under his Order Glires , Suborder Simplicidentati , the first time this natural group was united together without various hystricomorphous forms. Includes: Hystricidae, Thryonomyoidea, Bathyergoidea , "Caviomorpha", and the Eocene-Oligocene Franimorpha. See Tullberg (1899:69-71) and Wood (1985:478-495) for definitions of hystricognath characters and lists of taxa. The Ctenodactylidae have been identified as the sister taxon of the Hystricognathi from analyses of molecular data ( Adkins et al., 2003; Huchon et al., 2000) and Huchon et al. (2000) suggested that the two taxa be recognized as the Ctenohystricha. The name Ctenohystricha is predated by Entodacrya Landry, 1999. Woods (1993) suggested that the term "Caviomorpha" was inappropriate since it was unlikely that all New World forms were part of a single radiation, however, molecular data ( Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994) have consistently found that the Caviomorpha form a monophyletic assemblage distinct from the Old World Phiomorpha. Molecular data also support the division of the New World hystricognaths into superfamily groupings (Chinchilloidea, Cavioidea, Erethizontoidea, and Octodontoidea) suggested by Woods (1982). McKenna and Bell (1997) divided the Hystricognathi into two parvorders the Bathyergomorphi containing the Bathyergidae and the Caviida including all of the New World families of Hystricognathi with the exception of the Erethizontidae . The Erethizontidae , Hystrichidae, Thryonomyidae and Petromuridae were not assigned to either parvorder. Although molecular data ( Huchon and Douzery, 2001) support the distinctiveness of the Hystricidae , the Erethizontidae are clearly part of a New World clade and the Bathyergidae form a clade with the Thryonomyidae and Petromuridae ( Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994).