Anomalophylla tristicula Reitter, 1887

Ahrens, Dirk, 2005, Taxonomic revision of the genus Anomalophylla Reitter, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini), Zootaxa 1076 (1), pp. 1-62 : 7-13

Anomalophylla tristicula Reitter, 1887

( Fig. 1A–C , 5 )

Anomalophylla tristicula Reitter, 1887: 232 ; Fairmaire 1891: 197; Brenske 1897: 423.

Melaserica thibetana Brenske, 1897: 421 , synonym.

Anomalophylla thibetana Reitter, 1902: 147 , synonym.

Anomalophylla moupinea ab. unicolor Balthasar, 1932: 43 (name not available).

Homaloplia discoidalis Fairmaire, 1897: 244 , syn. n.

Type material. Anomalophylla tristicula Reitter lectotype here designated: ♂ ” Homaloplia tristicula n. sp. Przewalsk. As. centr. Coll. Reitter / [with additional labels of the curator:] Asia centr.: am oberen Laufe des blauen Flusses 12000’ [feet] By­thu VI 1884 leg. Przewalsky / Holotypus 1887 Anomalophylla tristicula ” (HNHM) . Melaserica thibetana Brenske lectotype here designated: ♂ ”Thibet bor. Kuku­noor [Handschrift Kaszab] / coll. Reitter / Thibetana m. Kuku­noor 1902 / Holotypus Anomalophylla (Xorema) thibetana Reitter [Handschrift Kaszab]” ( HNHM), Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ ”Kukunoor Thibet [Handschr. Reitter] / coll. Reitter / Paratypus Anomalophylla (Xorema) thibetana Reitter [Handschrift Kaszab]” ( HNHM), 1 ♂ ”Thibet Kuku­Nor 3200 m F. Hauser 1898 / coll. Reitter / Paratypus Anomalophylla (Xorema) thibetana Reitter [Handschrift Kaszab]” ( HNHM), 2 ♂♂ ”Thibet bor. Kuku­noor [Handschrift Kaszab] / coll. Reitter / Paratypus Anomalophylla (Xorema) thibetana Reitter [Handschrift Kaszab]” ( HNHM). Anomalophylla thibetana Reitter lectotype here designated: ♂ ”Thibet Tatsienlou Mgt. F. Biet / Melaserica thibetana type Brsk. / coll. Brenske” ( ZMHB). Homaloplia discoidalis Fairmaire syntypes: 1 ♀ ”Tchou[n]g­King Sze­Tchouan / Type / Homaloplia discoidalis Fairm. n. sp. / Museum Paris P. Guerry 1924” ( MNHN), 1 ♀ ”Museum Paris 1906 Coll. Leon Fairmaire / Tchou[n]g­King Sze­Tchouan / Type / Homaloplia discoidalis Fairm. n. sp. / Museum Paris P. Guerry 1924” ( MNHN).

Additional material examined. – 1 ♂ “ Tatsienlu­Kiulung China Reitter / ab. Unicolor / Det. Dr. Balthasar a. unicolor m.” ( ZSM) , 5 specimens ” Thibet Kuku­Nor 3200 m F. Hauser 1898 / coll. Brenske ” ( ZMHB) , 2 ♂♂ “ Thibet Kuku­Nor 3200 m F. Hauser 1898 / Hauser Coll. 1904­63.” ( BMNH) , 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ ” Thibet Kuku­Nor 3200 m Coll. Hsr. 98” ( DEI, BMNH) , 1 ♂ “ Thibet Kuku­Nor 3200 m F. Hauser 1898 / Sammlung J. Daniel” ( ZSM) , 4 ♂♂ “ Kuku­Nor Tibet F. Hauser / Nevinson Coll. 1918­14.” ( BMNH) , 1 ♂ “ Kuku­Nor 1901 H. / Sammlung J. Daniel” ( ZSM) . Gansu: 1 specimen ”W. China B. M. 1932­203 / Kina S. Kansu / Sven Hedins Exp. Ctr. Asien Dr. Hummel” ( BMNH) , 6 specimens (♂) ”China Gansu, Laji Shan Xiahe, 16.–20.VI.1994 3000–3600 m Mer B. Zvari č lgt. ( CA, TICB), 5 specimens (♀) “ CHINA Gansu reg. Xiahe 17–17.7. M. Nikodým lgt. 1990 ( CK) , 32 specimens China, Kansu mer., Xiahe ( Labrang ), 3300–3700 m, 1.–15.vi. 1998 V. Major leg. ( TICB) , 21 specimens China, prov. Gansu, Labrang , 2900–3500 m, 30.vi.1991 A. Helia leg. ( TICB) , 7 specimens China. S. Gansu Dengkagoin 5.– 9.6.1996 Beneš & Štepa ř lgt. ( CA) , 7 specimens China Gansu reg. 4200 m M. Nikodým lgt. 1990 Dogcanglhamo 12–15.7. ( CN) , 4 specimens China Kansu Ponggartang 30. Jun 1992 M. Bok lgt.” ( CA). Sichuan: 6 specimens “ Tibet Chasseurs de Ta­tsien­lou 1895” ( MNHN) , 15 specimens “ Thibet Tatsienlou Mgt. F. Biet” ( MNHN) , 3 specimens (♀) “ Tatsien­Lou Chasseurs Thibetains 1896” ( MNHN) , 2 specimens “ Tatsienlu Szetschwan / 12398 / ex. Orig. Samlg. J. Breit Wien” ( NHMB) , 1 specimen “ Omei Szetschwan ” ( NHMB) , 1 specimen (♂) ” China 7.92 Sichuan prov. Tagu” ( CA) , 1 specimen (♂) ” China, N Sichuan prov. Barkam, ca 2300 m 22.– 26.6.1991 J. Kaláb leg.” ( CN), 13 specimens ” China. N. Sichuan Songpan 17.–18.1996 Beneš & Štepa ř lgt. ( CA) , 7 specimens China North Sichuan Songopan env. 30.5.–3.6.95 Benes ( CA) , 5 specimens China, North Sichuan, Zhangia env. 7.–10.6.95 Benes ( CA) , 2 specimens (♂) China Sichuan, Kangding (formerly Tatsienlu ) 2900 m, 2.VII.1996 30°03’N 102°02’E C48 / collected by A. Smetana, J. Farkac and P. Kabátek ” ( NHMB, HAHC), 3 specimens ” China, Sichuan 6.– 9.VII. Kanding env., 2500–3000 m 30°05’N 101°55’E 1995 M. Trýzna et O. Safránek lgt.” ( TICB), 8 specimens ” China, Sichuan 1997 Daliang Shan mts. 27.VII. road Meigu­ Leibo pass 15 km NE Meigu 28°25’N 103°17’E M. Trýzna et O. Safránek lgt.” ( TICB), 9 specimens ”C . China, W Sichuan Kanding , 30.vi.–8.vii.1999 V. Beneš leg.” ( TICB), 14 specimens ” China: W Sichuan, Maniganggo env. cca 4000 m 31°55’N 99°10’E, 2– 7.VII.98 A. K ř í ž ova & J. Mikšovská ( TICB) , 2 specimens C. China, W. Sichuan Litang env. 3.–6.vii.1999 V. Beneš leg. ( TICB) , 9 specimens “ CHINA Sichuan Xiangcheng 2700 m 29.VII.1996 29°00’N 99°46’E / collected by J. Farka č, P. Kabátek & A. Smetana ( NHMB), 2 specimens “China prov. Sichuan Maniganggo vill. env. 15.–28.VII.2002 31°54’N 99°13’E lgt. M. Kalabza 3800–5000 m ( TICB) , 2 specimens “ Szetschwan Sunpanting Exp. Stötzner ( ZSM) . Yunnan: 4 specimens (♂, ♀) ” China, N. Yunnan Lijiang 27.–28.vi.1996 local collector” ( CA) , 10 specimens “ China: N. Yunnan 30 km N of Lijiang 3000 m, 3.VII.1990 L.& M. Bocák lgt.” ( NHMB) , 1 specimen (♂) ” China: Yunnan, Baoshan env. h= 2000 m, 15.vii.2000 ” ( CA) , 4 specimens ” Yunnan 3200– 2700 m 27°00’N 100°12’E 1993 Yulongshan mts. 23–24/6. Vit Kuban leg.” ( TICB) , 1 specimen ” Yunnan 3600–4100 m 27°02’N 100°11’E Yulongshan mts. 27/5. Vit Kuban leg. 1993“ ( TICB) , 1 specimen “ CHINA N­Yunnan 27°08’N 100°14’E Yulongshan ts . 2900–3500 m Beishui vill. leg. D. Kral 7.–12.VII.90” ( CK), 7 specimens “ Yunnan 3000 m 27°05’N 100°15’E Yulongshan mts. Ganhaizi pass 4.7.92 David Kral leg.” ( CK), 2 specimens “ CHINA N­Yunnan 27°06’N 100°15’E Yulongshan mts . 3000–3500 m Ganhaizi pass leg. D. Kral 18.–23.VII.90” ( CK), 1 specimen ” Yunnan 24–26. May Yulong Mts. 1995 27°01’N 100°21’E Bolm lgt. 3200 m ” ( TICB), 8 specimens ” China, Yunnan, 2,5–3,8 km 27°20’N; 100°11’E Habashan Mts. SE slope, 3.–6.6. lgt. S. Becvar, 1995” ( TICB), 2 specimens “China­S Sichuan, 1997 Daliang Shan mts. 27.VII. road Meigu­Leibo pass 15 km NE Meigu 28°25’ N, 103°17’E M. Trýzna & O. Safránek lgt.” ( TICB) , 1 specimen “ China, N­Yunnan Deqen SW env., 3000–3500 m 28°28’ / 29°51’–55’ 1.7. 92 L. +R. Businsky lgt.” ( NHMW) . Qinghai: 14 specimens ” China Qinghai reg. 2500 m valley 40 km S of Huangyuan 6– 8.7.1990 M. Nikodým lgt.” ( CN, CA, CK) , 7 specimens (♀) “ CHINA, Qinghai prov. Xinning 2300 m 25.6.93 Th. Deuve lgt.” ( CK) , 1 specimen “ CHINA, E Qinghai 20 km W Tongren , h= 3400–3600 m, 2–3.VII.1999 S. Murzin leg.” ( CDKC) . Tibet: 1 specimen ” East Tibet Poshö 12,000 ft. VI.1936 / R. J. H. Kaulback B. M. 1937–547” ( BMNH) , 1 specimen ” East Tibet Du Chu Valley Poshö 12,000 ft. 7.VI.1936 ” ( BMNH), 5 specimens ”E Tibet, Tuntala Shan mts. road Markam­Zogang 40 km E Zogang, 4500 m 29°40’N, 98°08’E picea forest, 29.VI.–3.VII. Jaroslav Turna leg. 1997” ( TICB), 4 specimens ”E Tibet, ca. 4400 m alt. Bamda env., grassland 30°15’N, 97°16’E, 5.VII.1997 M. Trýzna & O. Safránek lgt.” ( TICB), 1 specimen ” China SW Kangding 5.2001 lgt. M. Häckel ” (Coll. M. Múcka), 10 specimens “SE Tibet, 24.vi.1997 Yanjing­N env., 2600 m alt. 28°51’N, 98°41’E M. Trýzna & O. Šafránek lgt.” ( TICB) .

Form A. tristicula B (This form has a tubercle at the medial base of the right paramere, basal of its basal lobe, Fig. 1D–F ): Yunnan: 26 ♂♂ ”China pr. Yunnan b. occ. Degen env. 4200 m, 8.6.1993 R. Cervenka lgt.” ( DEI), 1 ♂ “ CHINA N.W. Yunna San Ba, Haba mts. 2500 m, 30.VI.1998 leg. S. Murzin ” ( CA), 1 ♂ “ CHINA, Yunnan Zhongdian , 3200 m 17.– 19.6.1995 T. Spevár leg.” ( TICB), 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ “CHINA­NW Yunnan, 3000 m, road Dequen­YenYing 30 km W of Dequen, 1997 28°32’N, 98°49’E, 23.VI. M. Trýzna & O. Safránek lgt.” ( TICB), 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ “China­NW Yunnan, 3600 m, road Dequen­YenYing 10 km W Dequen, 28°28’N, 98°53’E, 23.VI. Jaroslav Turna 1997” ( TICB, a few specimens showing intermediate features to typical form of A. tristicula ), 1 ♂ “ YUNNAN 1995 25 km E of ZHOGDIAN 3300–4000 m Bolm lgt., 12.–14.Jul” ( NHMB), 24 ♂♂ “N YUNNAN 19–25.VI.1994 27°49’N 99°43’E cca 3600 m ZHONGDIAN lgt. D. Král & J. Farka č ( NHMB, CK), 3 ♂♂ “China: Yunnan Prov. Na Pa Hai, 20 km NW Zhongdian, 2002/6/16, alt. 3365 m Hans BŠnzinger leg feeding on Rosa omeiensis ” (CA) .

Lectotype description ( Anomalophylla tristicula ). Length: 6.1 mm, length of elytra: 3.9 mm, width: 3.5 mm. Body oblong, black, dorsal surface dull with long, dense, erect setae; pilosity black, setae on elytra and sometimes those on pronotum posteriorly white. Head: Labroclypeus transverse, widest medially; lateral margins strongly convex and slightly convergent anteriorly and toward base; anterior angles strongly rounded; lateral border and ocular canthus producing a distinct blunt angle; anterior and lateral margin strongly reflexed and anteriorly sinuate medially; surface almost flat medially and moderately shiny, coarsely and densely punctate, with numerous long, erect setae. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, weakly curved and slightly elevated; smooth area anterior to eye as wide as long. Ocular canthus moderately long and slender, finely and densely punctate, densely setose. Frons with coarse, dense punctures; punctures bearing a long and erect seta; basal punctation less dense. Eyes small, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.47. Antenna black with ten antennomeres; club with five equal in length antennomeres; club 2.5 times as long as the remaining antennomeres combined, reflexed. Prementum almost flat. Pronotum: widest adjacent to base; lateral margins in posterior half subparallel, in anterior third strongly convex and convergent; anterior angles weakly produced and moderately rounded; posterior angles blunt and moderately rounded; anterior margin medially weakly convex with distinct, fine marginal line; basal margin with a fine marginal line. Pronotal surface with dense punctation with fine glabrous punctures mixed with large punctures, bearing a long erect seta that is slightly directed anteriorly and weakly curved posteriorly. Anterior and lateral borders setose; basal margin of hypomeron not produced ventrally, not transversely sulcate anterior to base. Scutellum : moderately long; apex weakly rounded with fine, moderately dense punctures; medially smooth; minute setae present in the punctures. Elytra: Shape oblong, widest medially; striae indistinctly impressed and finely densely punctate; intervals flat with fine, moderately dense punctures; punctures bearing long, erect setae, which are longer basally. Epipleural edge fine, ending at the strongly convex external apical angle of elytra, epipleura densely setose, strongly curved in anterior third of elytra; apical border chitinous, without short microtrichomes. Venter: Ventral surface dull with fine, dense punctures. Metasternum densely setose, setae long, partially appressed, partially erect. Metacoxa glabrous adjacent to articulation of the leg; elsewhere with fine, long appressed setae. Abdominal sternites with an indistinct transverse row of coarse punctures bearing thick setae between fine, dense punctation; all abdominal sternites with fine, long setae; tegument of abdominal sternites (60x magnification) with fine polygonal mesh pattern formed by microtrichomes; ultimate three abdominal sternites at midline with longitudinally impressed line. Mesosternum between mesocoxae narrow, narrower than mesofemur with irregularly scattered, thick setae. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.45. Pygidium moderately convex, posteriorly shiny; with fine, dense punctures bearing fine, long setae; without smooth midline. Legs: slender with shiny surface. Femora with two longitudinal rows of setae, finely densely punctate and setose; anterior edge of metafemur acute, lacking adjacent serrated line; posterior margin weakly convex with a few fine setae medially, ventral posterior margin weakly widened in apical half; posterior margin smooth ventrally and dorsally. Metatibia moderately slender and long, widest at apex; ratio width / length: 1 / 3.9; dorsal margin sharply carinate and smooth with two groups of spines, the basal group at one third, apical one at two thirds of metatibial length, basally with a few single spines in punctures; lateral face longitudinally convex with dense, fine punctures (some of them longitudinally impressed); ventral edge serrated, with five thick and long, equally spaced spines; medial face finely punctate, apex sharply truncate interiorly near tarsal articulation. Tarsomeres dorsally glabrous, coarsely punctate; ventrally with sparse, short setae; metatarsomeres dorsally without longitudinal impressions, ventrally with strongly serrated ridge, laterally without strong longitudinal carina; first metatarsomere slightly shorter than the following two tarsomeres combined and one third of its length longer than the upper tibial spur. Protibia short, bidentate. Protarsal claws symmetrical, basal tooth of inner protarsal claw evenly pointed. Aedeagus: Fig. 1A–C .

Intraspecific variation. Length: 5.2–6.5 mm, length of elytra: 3.1–4.2 mm, width: 2.8– 3.6 mm. In some specimens elytra uniformly reddish brown without dark lateral margins. Density of punctation on dorsal surface variable. Anomalophylla tristicula shows in the southern part of its range a considerable infraspecific variation in shape of parameres, which seems to be neither geographically nor morphologically well defined (with sympatrically occurring different intermediate stages; see form B, in additional material examined above, Fig. 1B, E ). ♀: Antennal club with three antennomeres and distinctly shorter than the remaining antennomeres combined; eyes equal in size to that of male; pygidium apically less convex.

Remarks. The original description based on an uncertain number of syntypes (”Am oberen Laufe des Blauen Flusses, By­Tchu genannt (12,000 ü. d. M.), im Juni 1884 einige Exemplare erbeutet.” Reitter 1887: p. 232). Therefore it was necessary to designate the only available syntype ( NHHM) as lectotype for A. tristicula to stabilize the identity and taxonomy of the taxon. According to the statement of Nikolaev (1982) [...in the collection of the ZIN are preserved the types of A. tristicula Rtt. and A. kozlovi Medv ...”] there might be other paralectotypes (number unknown) in the ZIN, however these specimens could not be examined. The original description of Melaserica thibetana Brenske based on an uncertain number of syntypes. Therefore I designate the only available syntype ( ZMHB) as lectotype for Melaserica thibetana . The paralectotypes, which should be preserved in the MSNG according to Brenske (1897), were not found. Balthasars specimen of A. “ unicolor ” is virtually identical to the lectotype of A. tristicula . Homaloplia discoidalis Fairmaire is known from female specimens only. At MNHN no additional male specimens could be found among the syntype series or from the same locality. Since it is presently impossible to distinguish female specimens without males of the same sample (or at least locality), the identity of this taxon remains unclear. So far recognized, the external morphology is identical with the females of A. tristicula , and its validity cannot be proved based on presently known morphological characters.

The species considered by Miyake & Yamaya (2001) as Anomalophylla tristicula and A. moupinea , are not conspecific with this species. According to their drawings of parameres ( Figs 6 , 7 ), it is not clear whether these taxa even belong in the genus Anomalophylla .

Diagnosis. Anomalophylla tristicula is in genital shape and habitus similar to A. moupinea Fairmaire, 1891 . It is differentiated from A. moupinea by the basal lobe of right paramere directed medially ( Fig. 1B ) and by the parameres with a sharp lateral carina in basal half ( Fig. 1A,C ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. (A–C) Anomalophylla tristicula Reitter (Tibet: Kuku­Nor); (D–F) A. tristicula Reitter (China, Yunnan, Dequen env., “population B”); (G–J) A. tsangpoana sp. n. (holotype); (K–M) A. moupinea (Fairmaire) (lectotype “Chine: Moupin”); (N–P) A. subcarinata sp. n. (holotype); (Q–S) A. obscuripennis sp. n. (holotype). (A, D, G, K, N, Q) aedeagus, left side lateral view; (B, E, H, L, O, R) parameres, dorsal view; (C, F, J, M, P, S) aedeagus, right side lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Present known distribution of Anomalophylla stoetzneri, A. tristicula, and A. tsangpoana as well as their intermediate form.

FIGURE 6. Present known distribution of Anomalophylla liciata, A. moupinea, A. subcarinata, and A. subfastuosa.

FIGURE 7. Present known distribution of Anomalophylla hispidulosa, A. majori, A. mandhatensis, A. morula, A. obscuripennis, and A. vidua.