Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901

Kantor, Yuri, Lozouet, Pierre, Puillandre, Nicolas & Bouchet, Philippe, 2014, Lost and found: The Eocene family Pyramimitridae (Neogastropoda) discovered in the Recent fauna of the Indo-Pacific, Zootaxa 3754 (3), pp. 239-276 : 241-246

Family Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901

Cossmann 1901: 124.

Type genus: Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865.

GENBANK accession numbers.

Family Genus species MNHN BOLD ID COI GB 16S GB 12S GB 28S GB

Number

Buccinidae Paraeuthria plumbea FM999174.1 FM999126.1 FM999095.1 (Philippi, 1841)

Neobuccinum eatoni (Smith, FM999127.1 FM999096.1 FM999149.1 1875)

Pisania striata Gmelin , FM999175.1 FM999128.1 FM999097.1 1791

Metula amosi Vanatta , FM999176.1 FM999129.1 FM999098.1 FM999150.1 1913

Cancellariidae Cancellaria cooperi Gabb , FM999156.1 FM999104.1 FM999073.1 FM999135.1

1865

Cancellaria cancellata FM999157.1 FM999105.1 FM999074.1 FM999136.1 Linné, 1767

Fasciolariidae Latirus gibbulus IM_2007- NEOGA 027- JQ950196 JQ950138 JQ950151

(Gmelin, 32544 10

1791)

Amiantofusus sp. IM_2007- NEOGA 133- JQ950210 JQ950144 JQ950166 34648 10

Muricanthus radix Gmelin , FM999168.1 FM999118.1 FM999087.1 1798

Nucella lapillus FM999169.1 FM999119.1 FM999088.1 FM999146.1 (Linnaeus,

1758)

Cronia sp. FM999170.1 FM999120.1 FN391982.1 Stramonita haemastoma FM999171.1 FM999121.1 FM999090.1 (Linné, 1767)

Drupella cornus RÖding FM999122.1 FM999091.1 FM999147.1 1798

Nassariidae Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say, DQ238598.1 DQ238598.1 DQ238598.1 1822)

......continued on next page Diagnosis. Shell medium in size, reaching about 20 mm in adult shell length (SL), narrowly fusiform or terebriform, rather solid, with tall elevated spire. Short to medium long siphonal canal, from nearly straight to strongly curved abaxially. Protoconch of planktotrophic larval type (3–4 whorls) in fossil species, with axial ribs on second or third whorl, strong, widely spaced, opisthocyrt, parallel to protoconch/teleoconch border. In most Recent species protoconch bulbous, of non-planktotrophic larval type. Teleoconch whorls slightly convex, sometimes nearly flat, subsutural ramp may be present. Spiral sculpture dominant, of strong cords that may form beads when intersecting axial ribs. Adapical spiral cordlet more or less pronounced below suture. Axial sculpture of variable importance, from inconspicuous, broad and wavy, to sharp, straight or sinuous ribs. Columella smooth or with two oblique, closely spaced, plaits. Inner apertural lip smooth or lirate.

Operculum absent. Proboscis short, with buccal mass at proboscis base, salivary glands acinous, gland of Leiblein small, tubular. Radula with three teeth per transverse row: rachidian with broad base strongly or moderately arched anteriorly, and with large cusp emanating from posterior edge and irregularly spaced additional denticles; subtriangular, narrow but tall, scoop-shaped lateral teeth, with several small additional cusps on inner margin.

Included genera ( Fig. 2 ). Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865 (Eocene—Gulf Basin of North America), Endiatoma Cossmann, 1896 (Eocene—Anglo–Parisian Basin), Hortia Lozouet, 1999 (Eocene-Oligocene—France; Recent— New Zealand, New Caledonia, Madagascar), Teremitra n. gen. (Eocene—France and Italy; Recent—Tropical West Pacific), Vaughanites Woodring, 1928 (Miocene—Jamaica; Recent—Philippines, Papua New Guinea).

The status of the nominal genus Petrafixia Cossmann, 1901 , which has been treated as a subgenus of Pyramimitra in the literature, requires discussion. Cossmann fixed Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 , as the type species by original designation. Fusus koeneni ( Fig. 3 C) was described from the Lower Oligocene of the Paris Basin, and is a species of conoidean commonly found in the Pierrefitte Sands ( Lozouet 2012: Fig. 289, 33– 34) [from which, incidentally, the name Petrafixia is etymologically derived]. However, there are two issues with this species and its fixation as the type of Petrafixia . The first issue is that the specimen referred to as Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni by Cossmann (1901: 127, pl. 8 fig. 17) when he established the name Petrafixia is not conspecific with Fusus koeneni , and is possibly a buccinid ( Fig. 3 D–F) as already indicated by Wenz (1943). In fact Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann (1901) resembles some species of the Eocene genus Suessionia Cossmann, 1889 ( Buccinidae ), e. g. S. asperula (Lamarck, 1803) (see Gougerot & Le Renard 1983: fig. 8). Petrafixia is thus based on a wrongly identified type species. The second issue is that Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann, 1901, has never been collected again in the Pierrefitte Sands. It is likely that the specimen illustrated by Cossmann was mislocalized, and its occurrence in the Pierrefitte Sands is the result of a contamination, as would indicate its peculiar rust color—an appearance not encountered in any other Pierrefitte Sands fossils. Under Art. 70.3 of the Code (misidentified type species) ( ICZN), an author may fix as type the nominal species originally designated by the author (i.e. Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 ) or the taxonomical species actually meant (i.e. Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann 1901). In both cases, Petrafixia is not a pyramimitrid. Because of the uncertainty on the origin and identity of the specimen illustrated by Cossmann (1901), we fix here Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 as the type species of Petrafixia .

Remarks. The family Pyramimitridae was placed in the synonymy of Buccinidae by Ponder and Warén (1988). This position was followed by Bouchet and Rocroi (2005), who placed the family in synonymy of the tribe Colini ( Buccinidae , Buccininae ).

The Recent species of Pyramimitridae occur in deep water (270–1588 m). The two fossil species of Hortia recognized from the Upper Eocene and Upper Oligocene also originate from offshore deposits ( Lozouet 2004). On the other hand, the North American species in the Eocene genus Pyramimitra as well as the European species of Endiatoma all come from shallow water deposits.

Endiatoma contains the oldest species, from the Lower Eocene, that can be attributed to Pyramimitridae .

The shells of different genera are rather similar in major characters. Comparative morphology of shells is summarized in Table 2 .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Overview of fossil and Recent Pyramimitridae. A. Endiatoma quadricincta (Cossmann, 1883), MNHN. F. A 47757, Lower Eocene, France. B – C. Pyramimitra terebraeformis (Conrad, 1848), MNHN. F. J 08748, Middle Eocene, USA. D – E. Pyramimitra quadralirata Dockery, 1977, MNHN. F. A 47750, Middle Eocene, USA. F. Hortia priabonica n. sp., MNHN. F. A 47752, Upper Eocene, France. G. Hortia arriuensis Lozouet, 1999, MNHN. F. A 47751, Upper Oligocene, France. H. Hortia pseudotaranis n. sp., New Caledonia, SL 8.4 mm. I. Hortia macrocephala n. sp., New Caledonia, SL 10.4 mm. J. Hortia paradrillia n. sp., New Caledonia, SL 8.1 mm. K. Hortia marshalli n. sp., New Zealand, SL 10.6 mm. L. Hortia spenceri n. sp., New Zealand, SL 9.0 mm. M. Hortia aotearoa n. sp., New Zealand, SL 9.0 mm. N. Hortia solitaria n. sp., South of Madagascar, SL 6.5 mm. O. Teremitra fallax n. sp., Solomon Islands, SL 11.8 mm. P. Teremitra efatensis (Aubry, 1999), Vanuatu, SL 10.8 mm. Q. Teremitra? hortensis (Vinassa de Regny, 1898), Upper Eocene, France. R. Teremitra sp., Taiwan, SL 16 mm. S. Vaughanites? superstes n. sp., Philippines, SL 19.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Fossil species of Pyramimitra and Petrafixia. A – B. Pyramimitra quadralirata Dockery, 1977, MNHN. F. A 47754, Middle Eocene, Moody Branch Formation of Mississippi, USA. C. Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884; Syntype, MNHN. F. J 05167, Pierrefitte Sands, St-Hilaire, Essonne, France. D – F. Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann, 1901, said to be from Pierrefitte Sands, St-Hilaire, Essonne, France, MNHN. F. J 08574, (specimen figured by Cossmann 1901, pl. 8 fig. 17). G – H. Pyramimitra? olssoni Palmer, 1937, holotype, Middle Eocene, Claiborne Group, Alabama, USA, SL 10 mm (after Palmer, 1937).