Ctenoplus collaris Candèze, 1891

Fuller, E. & Platia, G., 2006, A revision of the click beetle genus Ctenoplus Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Synaptina), Zootaxa 1217 (1), pp. 1-76 : 39-42

Ctenoplus collaris Candèze

Figures 11 , 62 , 71 , 94 , 109

Ctenoplus collaris Candèze 1889: 123 ; sex and number of specimens not stated; type locality: " Sumatra; Bodjo ".

Ctenoplus collaris, Candèze 1891: 209, 1894: 502 ; Schwarz 1907: 295; Schenkling 1927: 490.

Diagnosis

Small, red and black Ctenoplus , with relatively large, dense frontal punctures. C. collaris is similar to C. pseudocollaris n. sp. but can be distinguished by the punctation on the frons and by the male genitalia. In C. collaris , frontal punctures are larger and more dense ( Fig. 11 ) and the apex of the median lobe is more rounded ( Fig. 71 ). In C. pseudocollaris , the frontal punctures are smaller and sparser ( Fig. 12 ) and the apex of the median lobe is pointed ( Fig. 72 ). Distribution can also be used to separate C. collaris from C. pseudocollaris : the former is known from the Mentawei Islands south of Sumatra and northwestern Sumatra, while the latter is known from Malaysia.

Description

Prothorax red; head and elytra black; venter of meso­ and metathorax reddish­black to black; legs and palpomeres yellowish­brown; antennae reddish­black to black, darker in males than females; setae yellowish­white. Length: 6.0– 7.5 mm; width: 2.0 mm.

Head. Punctures separated from nearest neighbour by less than 1/2 own diameter ( Fig. 11 ); punctures relatively deep, those between eyes about 2X diameter of those on vertex; setae about as long as longest setae on antennae. Antenna: antennomere 1 with punctures slightly smaller than lateral frontal punctures, almost contiguous, cuticle microrugose, shiny; antennomere 2 globular, antennomere 3 subtriangular, about 2/3 width of antennomere 4, cuticle like antennomere 1; antennomeres 2+3 slightly longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4–10 subtriangular, anterior margin convex beyond basal stalk, antennomeres 4 and 5 about as long as distal width, antennomeres 6–10 progressively longer than wide, anterior margin of antennomeres 4–10 lighter in colour and more densely setate than posterior margin; antennae extending to apex of pronotal hind angles.

Prothorax. Pronotum subquadrate, somewhat flattened along midline; lateral margins subparallel to slightly convex at middle, converging in anterior 1/4–1/2, hind angles slightly divergent; punctures about same size as posterior frontoclypeal punctures, separated by about 2X own diameters at center of disk, becoming separated by about 1/2 own diameters at lateral margin; posterior margin as in C. javanensis (c.f., Fig. 31 ). Hypomeron: punctures about 1/2 size of lateral pronotal punctures, separated from nearest neighbour by about 2X own diameters; setae subequal in length to pronotal setae; posterolateral angle acute in most specimens, with abrupt right angle in one specimen (asymmetrical); posterior 1/4 glabrous. Prosternum: anterior lobe with minute punctures on anterior ridge, punctures on rest of lobe large, contiguous, relatively deep, simple; punctures grading from relatively large anteriorly, subequal to those on lobe and almost contiguous, to very small, widely spaced posteriorly; prosternal setae somewhat finer than and about same length as pronotal setae, directed mesally laterally, becoming directed posteriorly along midline; prosternal spine: submarginal groove­carina combination continuing anteriorly onto prosternum for distance subequal to width of procoxa, groove divergent posteriorly, becoming slightly convergent anteriorly.

Mesothorax. Scutellum convex, midline bluntly pointed; posterior margin broadly rounded, anterior margin weakly convex; punctures minute. Mesosternum: posterior 1/4 raised and thickened laterally between mesocoxae, lateral margins between mesocoxae horizontal in lateral aspect, posterior margin weakly concave; in ventral aspect posterior margin between mesocoxae variably concave; punctures small, inconspicuous. Mesepisternum: posterior margin narrowly and posteromesal angle broadly glabrous; anterior setae as on mesosternum, posterior setae shorter with somewhat larger punctures.

Metathorax. Metasternum: carina posterad mesocoxae about as long as mesocoxa; punctures simple, grading from medium­sized, almost contiguous near submarginal groove to minute, separated by 3–5X own diameter near midline. Elytra: lateral margins subparallel in basal 1/2, gradually converging in apical 1/2; apex of each elytron with tooth­like projection, projections slightly divergent from each other, tooth about as long as basal width ( Fig. 62 ); striae 1–3 weakly impressed, other striae absent; margins of striae 1 and 2 vertical basally, stria 3 with sloping margins; punctures of striae separated by up to 1.5X own diameters, punctures with vertical walls, moderately deep, simple; intervals with minute punctures, irregularly arranged.

Legs. Tarsomere 4 with small ventral lobe; claws with 5 tines.

Abdomen. Terga heavily sclerotized; spiracles enclosed on terga 2–6; cuticle microrugose, punctures decreasing in number from tergum 1 to tergum 6, no obvious punctures on tergum 7; tergum 7 apex less heavily sclerotized than rest of tergum. Ventral punctures relatively dense throughout, separated by 1–2X own diameter along midline, punctures larger and shallower laterally; ventrite 5 about as long as basal width; punctures slightly larger than other ventrites, somewhat tear­drop shaped, lateral punctures about 2X diameter of median punctures, shallow, simple, extreme lateral punctures minute; dorsal submarginal carina broadly V­shaped, becoming distinctly elevated anteriorly; sternum 8 with heavily pigmented triangular sclerites on dorsal surface by intersegmental membrane at posterolateral angle. Male genitalia, Fig. 71 ; median lobe widening in basal 3/4, then narrowing, apical 1/4 thickened laterally and apically; mesal margins of paramere straight in ventral aspect, not covering median lobe; articulation between parameres and basal piece darkly pigmented; in lateral aspect, parameres narrowed to 2/3 basal width at level of apical expansion, dorsal margin relatively straight, ventral margin declivous at narrowed part. Female genitalia, Fig. 94 ; bursal plates narrow, attenuated posteriorly, rounded anteriorly, with moderate covering of stout triangular spines; ventral plate longer than dorsal plate, ventral plate extending to anterior end of bursa, dorsal plate about 3/4 length of ventral plate; bursa with band of free spines at posterior end of plates, covering middle 1/3 of bursa; remains of spermatophore in bursa and tubular extension in specimen examined; tubular extension: relatively long, irregularly but strongly coiled, with 2 rows of spines in specimens with inflated extension, spines larger and irregularly spaced near spermathecal gland, rows of spines uniform in width; sac­like spermatheca at base.

Type material

Candèze (1889) did not state the sex or number of specimens examined in the original description of this species. Three specimens were received from ISNB when the type material of C. collaris was requested. The first specimen, a male, bears the following labels: “Bodjo” [small label glued to yellow ISNB curatorial label]/ “n. sp. collaris; Bodjo Weyers”/ “ Ctenoplus collaris Cd ” [handwritten]; “dét. E. Candeze”/ “TYPE” [red curatorial label]. This specimen is designated the lectotype of C. collaris . The second specimen, a female, bears the following labels: “ INDONESIE Ile Bodjo” [handwritten on yellow ISNB curatorial label]/ “ Ctenoplus collaris Cand ” [handwritten], dét E. Candeze”. This specimen is designated the lectoallotype. The third specimen was collected between Oct. 1890 and Mar. 1891 and cannot be part of the type series.

Material examined and range

2♂, 2♀, 34 undetermined sex. INDONESIA: lectotype male, lectoallotype female, Bodjo Isl. [ ISNB] ; 1♀, “ Sumatra, Pangherang­Pisang; X.90–III.91; E. Modigliani ” [ ISNB] ; 1♂, “W. Sumatra, Siberut Isl., Muara Siberut 1.9.1992 " [ ERFC]. The material from Siberut Island consists of 34 additional specimens from Muara Siberut and Saliguma collected between 30 August and 1 September 1992 [ CCW, CPG]. This species is known from the Mentawei Islands south of Sumatra and western Sumatra around Lake Toba ( Fig. 109 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 109. Distribution of Ctenoplus species.

FIGURES 11–14. Head capsule of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 11, C. collaris Cand.; 12, C. pseudocollaris n. sp.; 13, C. dorsalis n. sp.; 14, C. divergens n. sp. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 60–63. apex of elytra of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 64, 65: left elytron of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 60, C. javanensis Cand.; 61, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 62, C. collaris Cand.; 63, C. siamensis n. sp.; 64, C. balli n. sp.; 65, C. girardianus n. sp. Scale bar = 60–63: 0.5 mm; 64, 65: 1 mm.

FIGURES 66–85. Male genitalia of Ctenoplus species, dorsal aspect unless otherwise specified. 66, C. javanensis Cand.; 67, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 68, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 69, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 70, C. indicus n. sp.; 71, C. collaris Cand., a, dorsal, b, ventral; 72, C. pseudocollaris n. sp.; 73, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 74, C. siamensis n. sp.; 75, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 76, C. castaneus (Fleut.), a, dorsal, b, lateral; 77, C. coomani Fleut.; 78, C. divergens n. sp.; 79, C. alutaceus n. sp., a, dorsal, b, lateral; 80, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 81, C. balli n. sp.; 82, C. girardianus n. sp.; 83, C. gigas n. sp.; 84, C. cateianus n. sp.; 85, C. deceptus n. sp. Abbreviations: st, median struts; pa, parameres; ph, phallobase. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 89–97. Female genitalia of Ctenoplus species. 89, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 90, C. sanguinolentus Cand.; 91, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 92, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 93, C. indicus n. sp.; 94, C. collaris (Cand.); 95, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 96, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 97, C. castaneus (Fleut.). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 31–43. Pronotal outline of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 31, C. javanensis Cand.; 32, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 33, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 34, C. indicus n. sp.; 35, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 36, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 37, C. coomani Fleut.; 38, C. divergens n. sp., a: male, b: female; 39, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 40, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 41, C. gigas n. sp.; 42, C. cateianus n. sp.; 43, C. dorsalis n. sp. Abbreviation: bf, sublateral longitudinal incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.