Ctenoplus castaneus (Fleutiaux) Fuller & Platia, 2006

Fuller, E. & Platia, G., 2006, A revision of the click beetle genus Ctenoplus Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Synaptina), Zootaxa 1217 (1), pp. 1-76 : 48-51

Ctenoplus castaneus (Fleutiaux) , n. comb.

Figures 24 , 36 , 49, 76, 97, 110

Silesis castaneus Fleutiaux 1934: 486 ; sex and number of specimens not stated; type locality: “Mindanao: Zamboanga, Kabasalan, mars (H.C. Muzzall); Bukidnon, Diklom, 3000 pieds (F.C. Haden)”.

Diagnosis

Medium­sized, unicoloured reddish­brown to yellowish­brown Ctenoplus with a well developed ventral lobe on tarsomere 4. The only other known species of Ctenoplus with a well­developed lobe on tarsomere 4 is C. rufoantennatus n. sp., which is bicoloured red and black.

Description

Body fusiform posteriorly. Head, pronotum and ventral surface reddish­brown, elytra, antennae, legs and palpi yellowish­brown; setae opaque pale yellowish­white. Length: 8.0– 10.5 mm; width: 2.0–3.0 mm.

Head. Punctures relatively deep, almost contiguous throughout. Eye ringed by patch of smooth cuticle delineated from eye mesally by carina, width of ring slightly less than diameter of adjacent punctures. Dorsal periocular pit appears deeper than other species. Antenna ( Fig. 24 ) reaching apex of pronotal hind angles in male, not reaching apex of pronotal hind angles by about length of antennomere 11 in female; male antennomeres 4–11 with fine, moderately long, erect setae along anterior margin; cuticle microrugose. Right mandible with groove for reception of left mandible slightly wider than in other species.

Prothorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 36 ) varying from subquadrate to longer than wide, length:width ratio: 1.0–1.09; carina of hind angles not obscuring lateral carina of pronotum in dorsal aspect; pronotal punctures varying in size and density from subequal to head punctures to about 1/2 that size and separated by about own diameters; lateral pronotal carina and mesal hypomeral carina meeting posterad anterior pronotal margin. Hypomeron: mesal margin with broad rounded projection adjacent to procoxa, mesal margin with ca. 10 relatively large punctures posterad anteromesal concavity; posterolateral angle projecting beyond posterior margin by about own basal width; punctures grading from subequal in size to pronotal punctures anteriorly to minute posteriorly, absolute size variable, generally reflecting size on pronotum; posterior 1/4 glabrous. Prosternal punctures subequal in size to hypomeral punctures, almost contiguous anteriorly, separated by about 1/2 diameters posteriorly; prosternal spine: elongate: ca. 2.5X to posterior concavity as width posterad procoxa; ventrolateral carinae conspicuous, remaining separate almost to ventral apex; otherwise in lateral aspect as in C. coomani (c.f. Fig. 52 ).

Mesothorax. Scutellum flat, anterior margin slightly elevated above adjacent elytron; anterior margin slightly emarginate, darkly pigmented, posterior margin broadly rounded; punctures dense, setae directed posteriorly. Mesosternum: margin between mesocoxae slightly raised, varying from slightly sloping anteriorly to subhorizontal; declivous beaded margin angled at ca. 45°. Mesepisternum with posteromesal angle glabrous, extent variable; anterolateral groove sparsely setate, with low carina in lateral 1/3. Elytra not attenuated, broadly rounded posteriorly with small tooth at sutural interval, apices contiguous; punctures surrounded by subquadrate to subrectangular patch of darker cuticle; intervals with moderately dense minute punctures; posterior margin of epipleura oblique.

Metathorax. Metasternum: carina posterad mesocoxa varying from absent to about 3X basal width; size and density of punctures variable: generally reflecting those of pronotum. Metepimeron: punctures minute, separated by about own diameters; anterolateral angle slightly produced, rounded.

Legs. Profemur with dark microspines along anterior margin of groove; punctures random, closely spaced, as on meso­ and metafemora; tarsomere 4 mostly membranous dorsally, tarsomere 3 about 1/2 membranous dorsally; tarsomere 4 with well developed ventral lobe (Fig. 49), lobe slightly wider than tarsomere 5; claws robust, with 5–6 subapical tines, apical tine about 1/2 again as long as subapical tines.

Abdomen. Spiracles enclosed on terga 2–6. Dorsal submarginal carina of ventrite 5 broadly V­shaped; ventrite 5 slightly wider than long, punctures coarse, close except smaller and separated by about own diameters anteromesally. Punctures on other ventrites grading to smaller, more widely spaced along midline, but variable; punctures slightly larger than metasternal punctures laterally, about 1/2 size of lateral punctures along midline. Male genitalia, Figs. 76a, b ; genitalia arched dorsally; junction between phallobase and parameres darkly pigmented, conspicuous; in ventral aspect, anterior end of parameres separated along midline by about width of ejaculatory duct, produced anteriorly, apex narrowly rounded. Female genitalia, Fig. 97 ; bursal plates attenuated posteriorly, with relatively sparse spines compared to other species; tubular extension: arising dorsally, about 3–4X as long as bursal plates, spined for most of length; proximal spines same size and length as bursal spines, arranged in short narrow band at base, but forming much wider, denser band immediately distad base; spines grading into coarser, sparser spines with wide bases in distal 1/2; spermatheca absent.

Type material

Fleutiaux (1934) described this species based on at least two specimens from Mindanao, Philippines. A cotype in the MNHN, Paris has been examined by Platia and a cotype female in BPBM, Honolulu has been examined by Fuller. The form of the periocular pit and the female genitalia are consistent with Ctenoplus as defined here, and this species is here transferred from Silesis to Ctenoplus .

Material examined and range 5♂, 4♀. PHILIPPINES: cotype female, “ Mindanao, Bukidnon, Diklom , 3000 ft. ” /

“F.C. Hadden Collection” [BPBM]; 2♂, 3♀, “ Luzon , Laguna, Mt. Makiling ”, vi–1–32 to vi–26–32/ “ F.C. Hadden Collection ”/ “Elevation 2000 ft ” [ BPBM] ; 1♂, “ Negros , Cuernos Mts., Baker” [ MNHN] ; 1♂, “ Samar , Baker” [ CPG]. VIETNAM : 1♂, “ 25 km. SW of Pleiku , 400 m, 12.v.1960, L.W. Quate ” [ CPG]. This species appears to be widely distributed in the Philippines with records from Luzon, Negros, Samar and Mindanao, and is here recorded from Vietnam ( Fig. 110 ) .

Natural history

In the Philippines, specimens have been collected from 1–26 June and from 608–912 m in elevation; in Vietnam, the only known specimen was collected on 12 May at an elevation of 400m.

Figures

FIGURE 110. Distribution of Ctenoplus species.

FIGURES 15–30. Antenna of Ctenoplus species. 15, C. javanensis Cand.; 16, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 17, C. sanguinolentus (Cand.); 18, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 19, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 20, C. indicus n. sp.; 21, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 22, C. siamensis n. sp.; 23, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 24, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 25, C. coomani Fleut.; 26, C. divergens n. sp.; 27, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 28, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 29, C. cateianus n. sp.; 30, C. dorsalis n. sp. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 31–43. Pronotal outline of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 31, C. javanensis Cand.; 32, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 33, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 34, C. indicus n. sp.; 35, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 36, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 37, C. coomani Fleut.; 38, C. divergens n. sp., a: male, b: female; 39, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 40, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 41, C. gigas n. sp.; 42, C. cateianus n. sp.; 43, C. dorsalis n. sp. Abbreviation: bf, sublateral longitudinal incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 50–57. Prosternal spine of Ctenoplus and Silesis species. 50–57, lateral; 58, 59, ventral. 50, C. sanguinolentus (Cand.); 51, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 52a, b, C. coomani Fleut.; 53, C. balli n. sp.; 54, C. gigas n. sp.; 55, C. divergens n. sp.; 56, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 57, C. dorsalis n. sp.; 58, C. brunneus Fleut.; 59, S. fulvus Fleut.; Abbreviations: da, dorsal apex; va, ventral apex. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 66–85. Male genitalia of Ctenoplus species, dorsal aspect unless otherwise specified. 66, C. javanensis Cand.; 67, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 68, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 69, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 70, C. indicus n. sp.; 71, C. collaris Cand., a, dorsal, b, ventral; 72, C. pseudocollaris n. sp.; 73, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 74, C. siamensis n. sp.; 75, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 76, C. castaneus (Fleut.), a, dorsal, b, lateral; 77, C. coomani Fleut.; 78, C. divergens n. sp.; 79, C. alutaceus n. sp., a, dorsal, b, lateral; 80, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 81, C. balli n. sp.; 82, C. girardianus n. sp.; 83, C. gigas n. sp.; 84, C. cateianus n. sp.; 85, C. deceptus n. sp. Abbreviations: st, median struts; pa, parameres; ph, phallobase. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 89–97. Female genitalia of Ctenoplus species. 89, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 90, C. sanguinolentus Cand.; 91, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 92, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 93, C. indicus n. sp.; 94, C. collaris (Cand.); 95, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 96, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 97, C. castaneus (Fleut.). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.