Mantura floridana Crotch

Eiseman, Charles S., Feldman, Tracy S. & Palmer, Michael W., 2024, New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea), Zootaxa 5549 (1), pp. 1-60 : 42-43

Mantura floridana Crotch

( Figs. 97–98 , 163 )

Reared specimens. CONNECTICUT: Hartford Co., East Hartford, Hockanum River Linear Park Trail , 4.vi.2016, em. 23.vi.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Persicaria virginiana , # CSE2620 (1 adult, MLBM) ; MICHIGAN: Ingham Co., Okemos, Ted Black Woods , 19.vi.2019, em. 7.vii.2019, C.S. Eiseman & J.A. Blyth, ex Oxalis stricta , # CSE5464 (2 adults, MLBM) ; NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co., Durham , 11.v.2015, em. by 21.v.2015, T . S. Feldman , ex Oxalis (ornamental), # CSE1575 (3 adults, MLBM) ; OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 4.xi.2015, em. 1.xii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Oxalis dillenii , # CSE2185 (1 adult, MLBM) ; 19.iii.2016, em. 6– 8.iv.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Rumex hastatulus , # CSE3066 (2 adults, MLBM) ; 19.iii.2016, em. 14–22.iv.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Rumex hastatulus , # CSE2380 (2 adults, MLBM) ; 2.iv.2016, em. 24.iv.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Rumex hastatulus , # CSE3067 (2 adults, MLBM) ; TEXAS: Comal Co., New Braunfels, Panther Canyon Trail , 15.iii.2023, em. by 26.iv.2023, C. Burrier, ex Oxalis , # CSE8129 (1 adult, MLBM) .

Collected specimens. TEXAS: Comal Co., New Braunfels, Panther Canyon Trail , 15.iii.2023, C. Burrier, ex Oxalis , # CSE8112 (2 larvae, MLBM) .

Photographed mines. ARKANSAS: Stone Co., 36.015277, -92.228669, 1.v.2022, C.S. Eiseman, Oxalis [larva] (iNat 203358675); MARYLAND:Baltimore City Co., Herring Run Park, 15.v.2015, T. Wilson, Persicaria virginiana [larvae] (BG 1067915); MASSACHUSETTS: Franklin Co., Northfield, 42.647199, -72.425359, 23.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, Persicaria longiseta [parasitized larva] (iNat 203356535); 42.64668, -72.424444, 23.vi.2020, C.S. Eiseman, Oxalis stricta [vacated] (iNat 203361845); MICHIGAN: Ingham Co., Eastgate Park, 19.vi.2019, C.S. Eiseman, Fallopia scandens [larva] (iNat 203356763) and Persicaria virginiana [larva] (iNat 203356764); Wayne Co., Dearborn, 30.v.2018, J. Craves, Persicaria virginiana [larvae] (BG 1528302); NEW YORK: Delaware Co., 42.038867, -75.023628, 25.vi.2020, S.J. Wrens, Oxalis montana [vacated] (iNat 51255507); NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co., Durham, Pelham Rd., 1.iv.2016, T.S. Feldman, Oxalis dillenii (BG 1206153); Scotland Co., Laurinburg, 7.iv.2015, T.S. Feldman, Rumex hastatulus [larva] (BG 1070523); 31.iii.2016, T.S. Feldman, Oxalis dillenii [larva] (BG 1205858); 5.iv.2016, T.S. Feldman, Rumex hastatulus (BG 1208140); Tyrell Co., 35.913692, -76.255088, 30.iv.2023, L. Chen, Rumex verticillatus (iNat 158341707); OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., McPherson Preserve, 9.iv.2020, E. LoPresti, Oxalis violacea [larva] (iNat 74009849); Mehan, 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 5.vi.2015, M.W. Palmer, Oxalis dillenii [larva] (BG 1078884); 29.x.2015, M.W. Palmer, Oxalis dillenii [larva] (BG 1160723); 10.iv.2020, M.W. Palmer, Oxalis violacea [larvae] (iNat 203357305); PENNSYLVANIA: Crawford Co., 41.619859, -80.15969, 4.ix.2023, T. Brooks, Reynoutria japonica [vacated] (iNat 181818588); Westmoreland Co., 40.246452, -79.253933, 6.vi.2020, M. Schultz, Persicaria sagittata [larvae] (iNat 48724979); TEXAS: Brazos Co., College Station, 30.598033, -96.313269, 20.xi.2021, A. R. Kelly, Oxalis stricta [larva] (iNat 104389536); Comal Co., 29.815245, -98.387938, 7.iv.2020, C. Chang, Oxalis triangularis [vacated] (iNat 73268584); Harrison Co., Karnack, 30.xii.2019, G. Smiley, Rumex hastatulus [larva] (BG 1766867); Wilson Co., Stockdale, 29.275312, - 97.883828, 18.xi.2023, C. Burrier, Oxalis [larvae] (iNat 191396728); PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Queens Co., 46.240344, -63.134699, 16.vi.2021, J. Klymko, Oxalis [larva] (iNat 83318585).

Hosts. * Oxalidaceae : Oxalis dillenii Jacq. , O. montana Raf. , O. stricta L., O. triangularis A.St. -Hil., O. violacea L.; Polygonaceae : Fallopia scandens (L.) Holub, * Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag. , P. sagittata (L.) H. Gross, P. virginiana (L.) Gaertn., * Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (only vacated mines observed), Rumex crispus L., R. *hastatulus Baldwin , R. hymenosepalus Torr. , R. obtusifolius L., R. *verticillatus L. ( Marcovitch 1916; Frost 1924 [beetle misidentified as Hippuriphila modeeri (L.)]; Brisley 1925; Eiseman 2014). Adults have also been collected on Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross, Rumex acetosella L., and R. altissimus Alph.Wood (Riley & Enns 1979; Wheeler & Mengel 1984; Clark 2000).

Biology. The leaf mines ( Figs. 97–98 ) were described and illustrated by Eiseman (2014), and the larva was distinguished from that of Mantura chrysanthemi (Koch) by Eiseman (2015). Brisley (1925) reported that pupation is within the mine on Rumex hymenosepalus , and this appears to have been the case with our North Carolina rearing from Oxalis : the mined leaves were placed in a container without soil on 11 May, and when CSE received them on 21 May there were three M. floridana adults feeding on them externally, one of them teneral. In our other rearings of M. floridana , larvae have burrowed into soil to pupate as is typical for leaf-mining alticines.

Through most of its range, Mantura floridana is evidently univoltine: adults overwinter; larvae are active between late March and mid-June; and adults emerge between early April and early July, becoming dormant soon thereafter. There appears to be a second generation in Oklahoma, where we found larvae feeding in late October and early November 2015, with an adult emerging on 1 December. Later in December 2015, we dug up a healthylooking patch of Oxalis dillenii and placed it in a small terrarium. A week later (31 December), nearly every leaflet had been mined, and there were quite a few Mantura larvae both in the mines and wandering outside them, along with a few highly active adults. Likewise in Texas, larvae have been found in mid-March and from mid-November to late December.

Parasitoids. Three eulophids are recorded from Mantura floridana : Neochrysocharis agromyzae Crawford , N. diastatae Howard , and Pnigalio minio Walker ( Burks 1979; Hansson 1995). The details of the N. agromyzae record ( Burks 1979) are not available; it may refer to the same material from M. floridana that was identified as N. diastatae by Hansson (1995). Adults of undetermined Pnigalio spp. emerged from our 29 October 2015 collection of Oxalis dillenii (CSE2200, BMNH), our 5 April 2016 collection of Rumex hastatulus (CSE2402, BMNH), and our 6 June 2016 collection of Persicaria virginica (CSE2603, BMNH).

Notes. Michigan and Prince Edward Island are new, though unsurprising, state and provincial records for this widespread beetle ( Riley et al. 2003).

Although Polygonaceae and Oxalidaceae are distantly related plant families, they are chemically similar; both contain oxalic acid, and some species of Rumex and Oxalis taste sufficiently similar that they have been given similar common names (sorrel and wood sorrel, respectively). The leaf-mining fly Pegomya pseudobicolor Griffiths ( Anthomyiidae ) has likewise been reared from both Oxalis and Polygonaceae ( Eiseman 2018) .

Figures

FIGURES 89–98. Leaf mines of Alticini spp.; 89: Altica cf. lazulina on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 90: Dibolia borealis on Plantago major; 91: D. chelones on Chelone glabra (larva producing squiggly frass); 92: same (two larvae producing central frass lines); 93: D. melampyri on Melampyrum lineare; 94: same; 95: D. cf. obscura on Penstemon griffinii; 96: same; 97: Mantura floridana on Persicaria virginiana; 98: M. floridana on Oxalis stricta.

FIGURES 162–173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians.