Moneuptychia wahlbergi Freitas, Barbosa, Siewert & Mielke

Freitas, André V. L., Barbosa, Eduardo P., Siewert, Ricardo R., Mielke, Af. H. H., Zacca, Thamara & Azeredo-Espin, Ana Maria L., 2015, Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil, Zootaxa 3981 (4), pp. 521-541 : 535-538

Moneuptychia wahlbergi Freitas, Barbosa, Siewert & Mielke , new species

( Figs. 3 D 10, 11)

Adult: Diagnosis. Moneuptychia wahlbergi n. sp. is similar to some species in the Euptychoides castrensis species complex. However, both sexes are distinguished from the above species by the transverse dark reddish brown lines crossing the hind wing, which are bordered by yellowish scales in M. wahlbergi (absent in all other species of the Euptychoides castrensis species complex).

Descriptions of adults: Male ( Fig. 10 ). Forewing length 17–18 mm (n = 8); hind wing length 14–15 mm (n = 8). Eyes naked, entirely brown. Palpus length 2.0 times head height, beige, with long dark brown and white hairs. Antenna of males 9 mm in length, with 36 antennomeres extending to mid-costa; shaft rust brown, dorsally covered by dark brown scales, club with 12 antennomeres, not conspicuously developed. Male foreleg covered by long beige hairs. Wings with dorsal ground color brown with few markings, restricted to marginal and submarginal lines in both wings; forewing with one small black ocellus in M1–M2 (absent in some individuals); hind wing with three large black ocelli in M1–M2, CuA1-CuA2 and CuA2-2A (last two ocelli outlined by an orange ring); in some individuals, one additional small ocellus is present in M3-CuA1. Forewing of males presenting a conspicuous callus on SC, close to distal end of swollen portion of vein ( Fig. 3 D). Ventral wings most brown; forewing crossed by two dark reddish brown lines, first extending from discal cell to 2A one third from base; second extending from costa to 2A at two thirds from wing base, curved basally in portion near costa; a dark brown zigzag submarginal line and a brown regular marginal line extending from costa to 2A; ocelli absent. Hind wing crossed by two dark reddish brown nearly straight lines from costa to anal margin, first bordered externally by yellowish scales, one-third from wing base, second bordered internally by yellowish scales, two-thirds from it; second crossing line delimiting a lighter marginal area; a brown irregular zigzag submarginal line and a brown regular marginal line extending from costa to 2A; a series of six black ocelli outlined by a pale yellow ring can be found in Rs- M1 (ocellus 1), M1–M2 (2), M2–M3 (3), M3–CuA1 (4), CuA1–CuA2 (5) and CuA2–2A (6); ocelli 2 and 5 with double white pupil in some individuals; ocelli 1, 3 and 4 small and commonly absent or reduced to few yellow and black scales; ocelli 2, 5 and 6 larger than others. Hind wing outer margin slightly wavy. No conspicuous androconial scales or patches observed.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 11 ). Saccus short and slender in ventral view; tegumen rounded, conspicuous gnathos shaped as forked lateral structures with two pointed upright processes; appendix angularis extremely conspicuous projecting posteriorly as a long process; uncus elongated; valva elongated, narrowing towards end, with internal margin projecting internally in a structure with a series of small teeth ( Figs. 11 B–C); aedeagus slightly curved upwards; cornuti present as a membranous structure armed with several small teeth at tip; juxta membranous.

Female ( Fig. 10 ). Forewing length 19–20 mm (n = 4); hind wing length 16–17 mm (n = 4). Body entirely dark brown. General color and pattern very similar to that of males, with wings more rounded.

Remarks on color variation. Variation on the dorsal wing surfaces is virtually absent. The ventral surface of both wings shows some variation, especially in the conspicuousness of the smaller ocelli (as described above in both sexes).

Habitat, behavior and natural history. The species was observed in open forests in regions of contact with cerrado savannas. No additional information is available on habitats, early stages, behavior and natural history.

Distribution. The species is known from low montane regions (700–1000 m) in Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District.

Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Niklas Wahlberg, a prominent Finnish biologist who has made a large contribution to the understanding of Satyrinae evolution.

Types. Holotype male. Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / Holotypus / A[rea] P[roteção] A[mbiental] Morro da Pedreira, Cardeal Mota, Santana do Riacho, M[inas] G[erais]: Brazil, 19°18’34.08”S, 43°37’02.34”W, 3.IX.2012, 800– 950 m, Marina V. Beirão leg. / SISBIOTA—CIPO IT2— Armadilha A3, 03.IX.2012, ind. n o6315 / Holotypus Moneuptychia wahlbergi Freitas, Barbosa, Siewert & Mielke det. 2014 / ZUEC LEP 8917 /

Allotype female. Deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (DZUP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / Allotypus / Minas Gerais, Cambuquira, 15-IX-1969, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert / Holotypus Moneuptychia wahlbergi Freitas, Barbosa, Siewert & Mielke det. 2014 / DZUP 26.530 /

Paratypes (all from Brazil). DZUP— Minas Gerais: Bom Sucesso, 4-IX-1956, 2 males, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.523, DZ 26.524. Paraopeba, 750 m, 11-IX-1961, 2 males, 1 female (without abdomen), Ebert leg., excoll. Ebert, DZ 26.525, DZ 26.533, DZ 26.529. Barbacena, Serra da Mantiqueira, 1100m, 25-IX-1951, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.528. Distrito Federal: Brasília, 1000m, 08-IX-1961, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 25.526; 12-IX-1968, 2 females, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.527, DZ 26.531. ZUEC — Minas Gerais: Ibirité, Serra do Rola Moça, 28-IX-2013, 1 female (DNA voucher YPH-0419), 20°02’23.5”S, 44°01’21.3”W, 1072 m, D. S. S. Lacerda leg., UFMG-ILE 1305523, ZUEC LEP 8921. Santana do Riacho, APA Morro da Pedreira, Cardeal Mota, 3.IX.2012, 19°18’35.70”S, 43°37’02.22”W, 890 m, 1 male (DNA voucher YPH- 0482), M. V. Beirão leg., ZUEC LEP 8922, 3-IX-2012, 19°18’27.02”S, 43°36’56.73”W, 950 m, 1 male (DNA voucher YPH-0483), M. V. Beirão leg., ZUEC LEP 9016. Mato Grosso do Sul: Jardim, Parque Nacional da Bodoquena, Trilha Santa Fé, 23-II-2014, 21°30’05”S, 56°44’37”W, 500 m, 1 female (DNA voucher YPH-0477), P. R. B. Souza leg., ZUEC LEP 9014, 19-II-2014, 1 male (DNA voucher YPH-0478), P. R. B. Souza leg., ZUEC LEP 9015.

Additional material. ZUEC-AVLF — Minas Gerais: Nova Lima, APE Manancial Mutuca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Rola Moça, 20º01’01”S, 45º58’23”W, 06-X-2008, ( DNA voucher PM 10-11), A. R. M. Silva leg. 1 male; Ibirité, Pq. Estadual da Serra do Rola Moça, 29-IX-2013 ( DNA voucher YPH-0414), 20°03’38.9”S, 44°03’03.1”W, 998 m, D. S. S. Lacerda leg., UFMG-ILE 1305193, 1 female.

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic inference. Distances within species ranged from 0 % to 3.5 %, and interspecific distances ranged from 4.1 % to 9.5 %, never overlapping with intraspecific distances ( Fig. 12 ). The overall mean distance (variation) within each species was as follows: M. soter 0.3 %, M. itapeva 1.1 %, M. giffordi 0.0 %, M. pervagata 0.1 %, M. vitellina 0.0 %, M. montana 0.2 % and M. wahlbergi 1.9 %. The genetic distances among the analysed species of Moneuptychia are shown in Table 2. Based on sequences of the mitochondrial gene CoxI, all new species here described are monophyletic ( Fig. 13 ), and well distinct from all other described species of Moneuptychia . Also, the analysed species of Moneuptychia appeared separated in two main clades, but confirmation as to whether these represent actual species groups is dependent on a broader study with more genes (Barbosa et al. in prep.).

Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. M. soter

2. M. giffordi 0.065

3. M. itapeva 0.055 0.059

4. M. pervagata 0.077 0.078 0.074

5. M. vitellina 0.043 0.078 0.070 0.082 6. M. montana 0.071 0.077 0.055 0.068 0.078 7. M. wahlbergi 0.074 0.071 0.067 0.090 0.071 0.077

Figures

FIGURE 3. Cleared left forewings of males of five Moneuptychia species (all in dorsal view) showing the conspicuous callus in SC vein; A in general view (black arrow indicates the callus); B in closer view; C to F in an intermediate view. A, B. Moneuptychia montana n. sp.; C. Moneuptychia pervagata n. sp.; D. Moneuptychia wahlbergi n. sp.; E. Moneuptychia itapeva; F. Moneuptychia soter.

FIGURE 10. Holotype male (left) and allotype female (right) of Moneuptychia wahlbergi n. sp. Dorsal above, ventral below. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 11. Male genitalia of M. wahlbergi n. sp. A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. aedeagus (lateral view); E. aedeagus (dorsal view). All morphological details following Fig. 4. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Frequency distribution of pairwise individual genetic distances within (grey) and between (black) the seven species of Moneuptychia.

FIGURE 13. Phylogenetic relationships among seven species of Moneuptychia based on DNA sequences of Cox 1 and obtained by a Maximum Likelihood analysis. Values above branches are bootstrap branch support.