Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff)

Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y., 2014, A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Zootaxa 3875 (1), pp. 1-82 : 69

153. Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff)

Xyleborus compactus Eichhoff, 1875: 201 .

Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) : Nunberg,1959: 434.

Thai distribution: C: Chanthaburi, Nakhon Nayok ; N: Chiang Mai; N-E: Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima; S: Chumphon, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Songkhla ( Beaver 1990) , Surat Thani, Trang .

New records: Chanthaburi, Khao Khitchakut NP, 100 m N/ Prabaht Unit , 12° 48.842' N, 102° 9.144' E, 203 m, MT, 28.vii–3.viii.2008 (Suthida & Charoenchai) (2); as previous except: Khao Prabaht peak/ 150 m S of forest base, 12° 50.45' N, 102° 9.81' E, 875 m, 6–13.ii.2009 (1); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao WS, Nature trail, 19° 24.278' N, 98° 55.311' E, 491 m, MT, 30.ix–7.x.2007 (Songkran & Apichart) (1); Chumphon, Sawi distr. , 10° 19' 07.7'' N, 99° 01' 40.2'' E, 103 m, durian plantation, EtOH trap, 1.xi.2010 (W. Sittichaya) (14); as previous except: Thung Tako Distict, 10° 02' 41.9'' N, 99° 01' 5.7'' E, 86 m, 1.xi.2010 (2); Khon Kaen, Phu Pha Man NP, Num Pood, 16° 44.902' N, 102° 0.182' E, 245 m, MT, 14–21.vi.2006 ( R. Phatai) (2); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai NP, Hnong Pak Chee Trail, 14° 27.115' N, 101° 21.951' E, 733 m, pan traps, 8–9.v.2007 (W. Sukho) (1); as previous except: San Jao Khaokeaw, 14° 22.96' N, 101° 23.253' E, 750 m, pan trap, 9–10.iii.2007 (1); Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai NP, Elephant trail nr fire protection office, 14° 28.285' N, 101° 22.57' E, 751 m, pan traps, 6–7.vi.2007 (W. Sukho) (1); Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Chang Klang Distr. , 8° 21' 33.7'' N, 99° 39' 02.9'' E, 60 m, durian plantation, EtOH trap, 1.xi.2009 (W. Sittichaya) (2); Khao Luang NP, headquarters, 08° 22' 21.6'' N, 99° 44' 14.7'' E, 196 m, 01.ii.2011 (W. Sittichaya) (11); Namtok Yong NP, 8° 10.434' N, 99° 44.508' E, 80 m, MT, 9–16.ix., 16–23.ix., 23–30.ix.2008 (U-prai, K.) (9); as previous except: Nature trail, 8° 10.351' N, 99° 44.519' E, 100 m, pan trap, 11–12.viii.2008 (1); Surat Thani, Bhan Nasan Distr. , 08° 48' 57.3'' N, 99° 23' 52.2'' E, 62 m, durian plantation, EtOH trap, 1.xi.2009 (W. Sittichaya) (1); Trang, Khao Bantad WS, Sairung Waterfall, 07° 26' 31.0'' N, 99° 48' 28.6'' E, 110 m, EtOH trap, 01.x.2013 (W. Sittichaya) (2) .

Other distribution: Probably of Asian origin ( Wood 1977), and widespread through the Oriental region, extending North to Japan, and East to New Guinea, Fiji and Samoa; presumably originally imported to tropical Africa, but now widespread in the Afrotropical region; established in Central America and southern United States, Hawai’i, Italy, Brazil and Peru. (5)

Biology: Strongly polyphagous ( Dole & Cognato 2010). The biology has been reviewed by Browne (1961a), Brader (1964), Le Pelley (1968), Entwhistle (1972) and Beaver (1988) amongst others. This is a species of considerable economic importance because it can attack and breed in healthy shoots and twigs. This can result in the introduction of pathogenic fungi. The main economic host is coffee ( Coffea spp. ) ( Rubiaceae ), but it is also a pest of tea ( Camellia thea ) ( Theaceae ) in Japan, of cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) ( Sterculiaceae ) and avocado ( Persea americana ) ( Lauraceae ) in southeast Asia and elsewhere, and may kill seedlings and saplings of shade and forest trees (e.g. Browne 1968, Le Pelley 1968, Entwhistle 1972).

Illustrations: P (e.g. Atkinson 2014, Dole & Cognato 2010, Hulcr 2013, PaDIL 2014); D ( Schedl 1963 as Xyleborus morstatti Hagedorn ).