Philornis torquans Nielsen, 1913

Iorio, Osvaldo Di & Turienzo, Paola, 2011, Insects found in birds’ nests from the Neotropical Region: addenda, corrections, and the Subantarctic Region of Argentina and adjacent countries 2950, Zootaxa 2950 (1), pp. 1-108 : 24-28

Philornis torquans Nielsen, 1913

= “larvas de moscas ( Philornis sp. )”: De la Peña 2005.

[ ARGENTINA: Santa Fe] ( De la Peña 2005); 31º 23’ 08’’ S, 60º 55’ 00’’ W, IX-2006 to III-2007 and IX-2007 to III- 2008, 50 % infested from 2 examined nestlings in 100 % infested from 1 examined nest; maximal intensity 16 larvae / nestling ( Antoniazzi et al. 2010).

Note: see Note 1 and Note 2 below Paroaria coronata (Miller, 1776) [ Emberizidae ].

Philornis sp.

[ ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Ea. La Candelaria] ( De la Peña 2005); ( Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006, following Fraga 1984).

Note: Gibson (1918) makes an interesting comment: “I have an impression that the nest of this species is haunted by an evil-looking fly, which I have never observed elsewhere, somewhat larger than a house-fly and yellow banded.” Justly the last abdominal segments in some Philornis ( P. seguyi , P. torquans ) are of a yellow color, giving the impression that the insect is banded.

HYMENOPTERA : Vespidae

Polybia occidentalis scutellaris (White, 1841)

ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Campo de Mayo , III-2005, one small inhabited wasp nest build inside (Turienzo & Di Iorio 2005, pers. obs.) .

THYSANOPTERA : Idolothripidae

Leptogastrothrips hoodi De Santis, 1958

ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: 300 m of the way of La Balandra to Punta Blanca (500 m from the limit with Berisso), 18-VIII-1979 ( De Santis et al. 1980a) .

Certhiaxis cinnamomea [russeola (Vieillot, 1817)]

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis seguyi Garcia, 1952

= Philornis torquans [non Nielsen, 1913]: De la Peña et al. 2003: error of identification.

= Philornis: De la Peña 2005 .

[ ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: Arroyo Cululu]: one nestling with 11 larvae ( De la Peña 2005); Arroyo Cululu, Puente de Hierro (31º 21’ S, 60º 56’ W), XI-2003, Antoniazzi leg., 4 adults, [ MNRJ], # SF00027b, reared from larvae ( Couri et al. 2009).

Coryphistera alaudina Burmeister, 1860

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis sp.

= Philornis torquans: De la Peña et al. 2003 .

[ ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: 31º 23’ S, 60º 55’ W]: ( De la Peña 2005); Esperanza, Reserva de la Escuela de Agricultura, Ganadería y Granja ( Antoniazzi et al. 2006).

Note: Apparently specimens reared from Coryphistera alaudina were not sent to M. Couri for identification. Because P. torquans was reared in the same locality on other Furnariidae , but also P. seguyi on C. cinnamomea ( Couri et al. 2009) , identification of P. torquans given by De la Peña et al. (2003) needs a further corroboration.

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Triatoma infestans Klug in Meigen, 1834

ARGENTINA: Córdoba: Dto. Cruz del Eje, Guanaco Muerto [37 km from Cruz del Eje], 1 adult, in nest # 10, distant 50 m from a house; 1 adult, in nest # 18, distant 1100 m from a house, from a total of 11 examined nests ( Brewer et al. 1978) .

Triatoma sp.

ARGENTINA: Córdoba: Dto. Cruz del Eje, Guanaco Muerto [37 km from Cruz del Eje], nymphs [undetermined]

in nest # 10, distant 50 m from a house; 1 nymph [undetermined], in nest # 16, distant 800 m from a house; 1 nymph [undetermined], in nest # 17, distant 900 m from a house, from a total of 11 examined nests ( Brewer et al. 1978).

Cranioleuca pyrrhophia [ pyrrhophia (Vieillot, 1817) ]

[ DIPTERA : Muscidae ]

[ Philornis sp. ]

[ ARGENTINA]: the nestlings are affected by larvae of flies ( De la Peña 2005).

Furnariidae nests

= “birds´nests”: Blaksley & Carcavallo 1968: 34.

= “nidos de furnáridos”: Blaksley & Carcavallo 1968: fig. 6B.

[Undetermined spp.]

= “ectoparasites”: Keirans et al. 1973: 515.

ARGENTINA: Córdoba: Los Leones , 30° 20’ S, 65º 10’ W, 70 km NW Cruz del Eje, two stick-nests up to 0.3 m in diameter in Prosopis trees, “all contained ectoparasites but not Argas ” ( Keirans et al. 1973) .

Note: These nests were explored for the presence of Argas monachus Keirans, Radovsky & Clifford, 1973 [Acari: Argasidae ]. Apparently the word “ectoparasites” is used by Keirans et al. (1973) in a wide sense, probably referring to other arthropods commonly present in the nests. The same was said for the nest of Furnarius sp. , that “also contained ectoparasites but not Argas . ”

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes coreodes (Bergroth, 1911)

ARGENTINA: Chaco: Puente Lavalle , II-1982, Di Iorio leg., 4 exx. (ODI) .

Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859

BRAZIL: northeastern Brazil, nests of furnariid birds …sometimes also inhabited [by the birds] ( Monteiro et al. 2000).

Triatoma platensis Neiva, 1913

[ ARGENTINA] ( Blaksley & Carcavallo 1968).

Triatoma sordida garciabesi Carcavallo, Cichero, Martínez, Prosen & Ronderos, 1967

ARGENTINA: dry zone of the country, Espinal ( Blaksley & Carcavallo 1968); center and north [of the country] ( Martínez et al. 1985).

Furnarius rufus [ rufus (Gmelin, 1768) ]

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis torquans Nielsen, 1913

= Philornis sp. : Manzoli et al. 2008.

ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: Espinal forest, near Esperanza, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 ( Manzoli et al. 2008); 31º 23’ 08’’ S, 60º 55’ 00’’ W, IX-2006 to III-2007 and IX-2007 to III-2008, 9.8 % infested from 41 examined nestlings in 31.3 % infested from 16 examined nests; maximal intensity 9 larvae /nestling ( Antoniazzi et al. 2010).

Note: Apparently specimens reared from F. rufus were not sent to M. Couri for identification. See Couri et al. (2009) and Note 2 below Paroaria coronata (Miller, 1776) [ Emberizidae ].

HEMIPTERA : Cimicidae

Acanthocrios furnarii ( Cordero & Vogelsang, 1928)

= Cimex furnarii: Kasianoff 1937a: 99 [host (table)], 102 [distr.; host]; Kasianoff 1937c: 316 [morphol.; distr.]; Kasianoff 1937d: 405 [ref.]

= Ornithocoris: Del Ponte 1958: 101 [biol.; place]

= Ornithocoris furnarii ( Cordero & Vogelsang, 1928) : Pinto 1930: 235 [distr.; place; ref.], 274 [distr.; place], 277

[distr.; place]; Carvalho 1939: 129 [distr.; place], 139 [distr.; place]

= Caminicimex furnarii: Aramburú & Campos Soldini 2008: 132 [hosts]; Bentancourt et al. 2009: 285 [hosts]

= “ O. [ Ornithocoris ] furnarii ”: Otto et al. 2008: 99 [distr.; place; ref.]

= Caminicimex furnarii (Cordero y Vogelsang) : Aramburú & Calvo 2009: 3-6 [distr.; host]

ARGENTINA: north of Argentina, in nests (Aramburú & Calvo 2009, following Wygodzinsky 1951, Ronderos 1961, Usinger, 1966); Chaco: Resistencia, Romaña leg. ( Del Ponte & Riesel 1945); ( Del Ponte 1958).

URUGUAY: in nests ( Pinto 1930, following Cordero & Vogelsang 1928); (Kasianoff 1937) [see Note 1]; in nests ( Carvalho 1939, following Cordero & Vogelsang 1928); live in the nests ( Ruffinelli & Carbonell 1954); “espécie desse gênero ( O. furnarii ), que vive nos ninhos de “’João de Barro’” ( Otto et al. 2008, following Cordero & Vogelsang 1928); ( Bentancourt et al. 2009).

Note 1: Following the original description of Cordero & Vogelsang (1928), Kasianoff (1937) erroneously states that C. furnarii is associated with “hirondelles” [= swallows] (p. 99), or lives “dans un nid d’hirondelles” (page 102). The same error [= swallow] is repeated by Hicks (1959).

Note 2: The new combination Ornithocoris furnarii was made by Pinto (1930), without any enlightening detail.

Note 3: Surprisingly, Ruffinelli & Carbonell (1954) use the binomial name Acanthocrios furnarii , but as the list of its references is incomplete, the source cannot be ascertained.

Note 4: Del Ponte (1958) makes reference to Ornithocoris furnarii , a combination used in these times because Pinto (1930) and Carvalho (1939). Del Ponte himself did not use his genus Acanthocrios Del Ponte & Riesel 1945 , nor Wygodzinsky (1959a 1959b). Acanthocrios was “discovered” by Di Iorio & Turienzo (2008) [see note 3], and the current synonymy with Caminicimex Usinger, 1966 was established. It is probable that Del Ponte believes that Acanthocrios was an invalid name because it appears in an abstract of the regular meetings of communications, and not in a formal work. Nevertheless, as was stated by Di Iorio & Turienzo (2008), the short description meets the requirements of a valid name.

Note 5: Because each breeding pair builds a new nest each year, Furnarius rufus never is in contact with A. furnarii , and it is not a host ( Turienzo & Di Iorio 2010). Thus, the nests of F. rufus are referred to as the place where A. furnarii can be found.

Furnarius sp.

Undetermined sp.

= “ectoparasites”: Keirans et al. 1973: 515.

ARGENTINA: Córdoba: Los Leones , 30° 20’ S, 65º 10’ W, 70 km NW Cruz del Eje, one active nest in a Prosopis sp. tree ( Keirans et al. 1973) .

Note: See below Furnariidae nest [undetermined species].

Leptasthenura platensis Reichenbach, 1853

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis sp.

= Philornis torquans: De la Peña et al. 2003

[ ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: 31º 23´S, 60º 55´W] : one larva in one nestling ( De la Peña 2005).

Note: Apparently specimens reared from L. platensis were not sent to M. Couri for identification.

Phacellodomus ruber ruber (Vieillot, 1817)

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis torquans ( Nielsen, 1913)

= “larvas de moscas”: De la Peña 2006: 121 [fig.].

= Philornis torquans: De la Peña et al. 2003 ; Couri et al. 2009.

= Philornis sp. : De la Peña 2005, Antoniazzi et al. 2006, De la Peña 2006, Manzoli et al. 2008.

= Philornis spp. : Antoniazzi et al. 2008, Saravia Pietropaolo et al. 2008; Manzoli et al. 2010.

[ ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: 31º 23’ S, 60º 55’ W]: 1 to 16 larvae per nestling ( De la Peña 2005); Esperanza, Reserva de la Escuela de Agricultura, Ganadería y Granja ( Antoniazzi et al. 2006); ( De la Peña 2006); Espinal forest, near Esperanza, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 ( Manzoli et al. 2008); Esperanza, Reserva de la Escuela de Agricultura, Ganadería y Granja], one of four preferential hosts ( Antoniazzi et al. 2008); Santa Fe ( Saravia Pietropaolo et al. 2008, included in “tres especies de Phacellodomus ”); Road between Esperanza and Empalme San Carlos (31º 31’ S, 60º 51’ W), II- 2007, Antoniazzi leg., 1 adult [ MNRJ], # 002, reared from larva ( Couri et al. 2009); [locality not stated], nestlings that underwent larva removal (12 treated) had over 5 times the odds of surviving than those of controls (15 controls) ( Manzoli et al. 2010); 31º 23’ 08’’ S, 60º 55’ 00’’ W, IX-2006 to III-2007 and IX-2007 to III-2008, 26.3 % infested from 39 examined nestlings in 33.3 % infested from 12 examined nests; maximal intensity 44 larvae /nestling ( Antoniazzi et al. 2010).

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965

BRAZIL: Paraná: Município de Porto Rico, 26 exx., in nests ( Almeida et al. 2009, following Silva et al. 2004).

Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954

[ BRAZIL: Distrito Federal] ( Gurgel-Gonçalves & Cuba Cuba 2009, following Gurgel-Gonçalves et al. 2004).

Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus Ridgway, 1887

= “ Phascellodomus rufifrons spp.”: Machado Allison & Ramirez Perez 1967.

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes arthuri (Pinto, 1926)

VENEZUELA: Anzoátegui; Aragua; Carabobo; Cojedes; Guarico; Miranda; Portuguesa; Yaracuy; always found in the nests ( Machado Allison & Ramirez Perez 1967, Torrealba et al. 1985); Yaracuy: Las Flores, V-1938, a lot with one specimen naturally infested by Schyzotrypanum cruzi ( Pifano 1939); [localities not discriminated] (Otero et al. 1975, following Pifano 1939 and/or Cova Garcia & Suarez 1959 and/or Machado Allison & Ramirez Perez 1967); Carabobo: Municipality of Guigue, La Encantada, eggs and nymphal instars in a nest ( Feliciangeli et al. 1978); Meta: Meta Lejano, Región 4 ( D’Alessandro & Barreto 1985, following D’Alessandro, Barreto, Savaria & Barreto unpublished data).

Triatoma maculata (Erichson in Schomburgk, 1848)

[ VENEZUELA]: “en muy escaso numero, en los [nidos] de … cucaracheros …, siempre con muy baja densidad” ( Gamboa Cuadrado 1974).

HYMENOPTERA : Scelionidae

Telenomus capito De Santis & Loiácono, 1980 in De Santis et al. 1980b

= Telenomus sp. : Feliciangeli et al. 1978.

VENEZUELA: Carabobo: Municipality of Guigue, La Encantada, number of microhymenopterans produced by the eggs of P. arthuri found in one nest; specimens sent to L. De Santis [ MLP], genus identification confirmed, species probably new to the Neotropics; further study will be done by him (pers. com.) ( Feliciangeli et al. 1978); La Encantada [type locality], VI-1977, Piñero leg., 1 female Holotype, 1 male Allotype, numerous Paratypes of both sexes, parasitoid of the eggs of Psammolestes arthuri ( De Santis et al. 1980b) ; Valencia, VI-1977, Piñero leg., 1 female Holotype, # 1303/1 [ MLP], 1 male Allotype, # 1303/2 [ MLP], 6 males Paratypes, # 1303/3-8 [ MLP], 17 females Paratypes, # 1303/9-25 [ MLP], 10 males Paratypes, # 1303/26-35 [ MLP], from eggs of Psammolestes arthuri ; La Encantada, 1978, Piñero leg., 13 females Paratypes, # 1303/36-48 [ MLP], from eggs of Psammolestes arthuri ( Loiácono & Díaz 1996) , 11 females Paratypes, # 1303/49-59 [ MLP], 13 males Paratypes # 1303/60-71 [ MLP], 2 exx., M.S. 1303/66, reared from Psamolestes [sic] arthuri eggs ( Diaz et al. 2005).

Note 1: De Santis et al. (1981) mention that this species is undescribed to date. Coscarón et al. (1999) also does not mention the original citation.

Note 2: The specimens were not labelled as found in the nests of P. r. inornatus .

Note 3: Loiácono & Díaz (1996) states that VI-1977 was the unique date mentioned in the original description.

Note 4: Only La Encantada was given as the type locality ( De Santis et al. 1980b), and localities and collection data do not agree between them.

Phacellodomus rufifrons [ rufifrons (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) ]

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965

[ BRAZIL] ( Espinola 1985); Minas Gerais: Lassance , [ IOC], labelled “ 26/V/1934,” “7/933,” “C. L.,” “S,” “ Psammolestes coreodes Bergrt ,” “2069/ gaveta n. 229/ armário n. 11/ Offer. por J. C. Penido / Hosped. Em ninhos de passaro” (Anonymous without date) .

Note: The specimen in the collection IOC corresponds to the one mentioned by Costa Lima (1934) [see Di Iorio & Turienzo 2009: 35].

Triatoma sordida sordida (Stål, 1859)

Note: Erroneously included in the revision from Argentina ( Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007). The citation of Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979) was based on Barretto & Carvalheiro 1968) from Brazil.

Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis Cabanis, 1883

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911

BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Municipality of Miranda, in nests ( Gurgel-Gonçalves 2010).

Note: Previous citations of P. coreodes in Mato Grosso do Sul were summarized in Di Iorio & Turienzo (2009). See also the note of P. coreodes below Gallus gallus [ Phasianidae ].

Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis Hellmayr, 1925

HEMIPTERA

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965

[ BRAZIL] ( Espinola 1985).

Phacellodomus sibilatrix Sclater, 1879

DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis torquans Nielsen, 1913

= Philornis sp. : Manzoli et al. 2008;

= Philornis spp. : Antoniazzi et al. 2008; Saravia Pietropaolo et al. 2008.

ARGENTINA: Santa Fe: Esperanza, Reserva de la Escuela de Agricultura, Ganadería y Granja], one of four preferential hosts ( Antoniazzi et al. 2008); Espinal forest, near Esperanza, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 ( Manzoli et al. 2008); Santa Fe ( Saravia Pietropaolo et al. 2008, included in “tres especies de Phacellodomus ”); 31º 23’ 08’’ S, 60º 55’ 00’’ W, IX-2006 to III-2007 and IX-2007 to III-2008, 9.7 % infested from 67 examined nestlings in 26.1 % infested from 23 examined nests; maximal intensity 20 larvae /nestling ( Antoniazzi et al. 2010).

Note: Apparently specimens reared from P. sibilatrix were not sent to M. Couri for identification. According to Antoniazzi et al. (2010), “previous collections from the same area (De la Peña et al. 2004) and a subsample of the parasites submitted to M. Couri … suggest that the dominant species in this community is Philornis torquans (all the specimens collected in the area so far belonged to Phi. torquans ),” the predominant (probably only) species in our system.” Because P. seguyi was reared in the same locality from other Furnariidae , Certhiaxis cinnamomea ( Couri et al. 2009) , identification of P. torquans given by De la Peña et al. (2003) and Antoniazzi et al. (2010) needs a further corroboration.