Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979

Monckton, Spencer K., 2016, A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species, ZooKeys 591, pp. 1-144 : 26-30

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Colletidae

Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979 Figs 1B; 15 D–E; 16 D–F; 17C; 25B; 27 C–D; 31 A–C; 32 A–J; 49

Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979: 114-116 (male holotype, female allotype, AMNH [examined]). Aravena and Toro 1985: 177, 179-183; figs 6, 13, 29 (illustration, morphology). Michener 1995: 337. Michener 2007: 184. Almeida et al. 2008: 76 (phylogeny). Packer 2008: 74, 77-78 (phylogeny). Montalva and Ruz 2010: 28 (checklist). Moure et al. 2012 (catalogue). Ascher and Pickering 2015 (checklist).

Chilicola valparaiso Toro & Moldenke, 1979: 117-118 (male holotype, AMNH [examined]). Packer 2008: 77. Montalva and Ruz 2010: 29 (checklist). Moure et al. 2012 (catalogue). Ascher and Pickering 2015 (checklist). Syn. n.

Diagnosis.

Males are diagnosable by the combination of malar space short (~0.6 × clypeal lateral), mesobasitarsus mostly dark, and metatibia with the combination of ventral carina extending full length of longitudinal concavity and smooth, posterior carina absent basally and originating in apical half of ventral carina, and apical lamina reduced (~0.5OD in length). Females are diagnosable by the combination of the malar space short (~0.5 × clypeal lateral), metapostnotum with sparse, irregular longitudinal carinae, and protibia yellow along entire dorsal surface but darkened somewhat to yellow-brown apically. Among consubgeners Chilicola deserticola is most similar, but can be differentiated in both sexes by the shorter malar space (<0.5 × clypeal lateral) and by the characters given in the key.

Description.

Male. Length 4.8-5.5mm, forewing length 3.0-3.3mm, head width 1.1-1.3mm, thorax width 1.1-1.4mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.11-0.12mm.

Colouration: Black-brown except as follows: antenna variable (scape with yellow apicoventral spot to entirely dark; apicoventral rim of pedicel brown to entirely dark; ventral surface of flagellum yellow to yellow-brown, narrowing basally on F1, remaining flagellomeres suffused with brown basally). Following parts yellow: labrum; clypeus except narrowly to broadly dark along epistomal suture and apex usually brown laterad; lower paraocular area extending ~1OD above transverse portion of epistomal suture and not reaching lower tangent of antennal socket; protrochanter apical rim posteriorly; apex of profemur broadly on anterior surface, narrowly on posterior surface; protibia except dark medioventrally; probasitarsus, at least on dorsal half; prodistitarsus, at least on apical two-thirds; narrow apical ring on mesofemur; wide basal ring and narrow apical ring on mesotibia, the latter wider anteriorly; apical ring on metafemur, broad dorsally; broad basal and apical rings on metatibia, excluding apical margin of ventral convexity; metabasitarsus in basal quarter dorsally, extending to apex ventrally; anterior spot on tegula. Apicoventral rim of metacoxa yellow-brown. Ventral metatibial carina black. Metasoma dark brown, T1-T6 marginal zones translucent yellow.

Pubescence: White, hairs generally short (0.5OD) and sparse, not especially plumose; on lower paraocular area and around antennal base moderately long and moderately dense (1OD); genal beard long and dense (0.5-2OD) longest at midlength; discs of mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum mostly bare, few short hairs (0.5OD), denser and as long or longer toward lateral margin as follows: mesoscutum (0.5OD), scutellum (1-2OD) also on posterior margin, longest posteromedially, metanotum (≤2OD); propodeal hairs moderately long and dense dorsolaterally (0.5-1.5OD); T1-T3 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD); S2 hairs long and dense (1.5OD basolaterad, 0.5OD distilaterad, shorter mesad).

Surface sculpture: Microsculpture imbricate, integument generally dull; punctures generally small and deep. Clypeus and supraclypeal, lower paraocular, and vertexal areas moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) except supraclypeal area more densely punctate toward lateral margin (i≤d); frontal area punctate (i≤d); ocellocular space moderately densely punctate adjacent to compound eye (i=1-2d) becoming impunctate adjacent to lateral ocellus; scape shallowly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) densely punctate apicoventrally (i≤d); genal area coarsely imbricate to weakly microstriate and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); hypostomal area weakly imbricate and densely punctate (i=d); pronotum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d); mesoscutum and scutellum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) punctures crowded around median (i≤d); mesepisternum irregularly punctate, sparse below scrobe and anterior of episternal groove (i=1-3d), impunctate just dorsad of scrobe, otherwise dense on hypoepimeral area (i≤d); metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) punctures crowded around median and anteriorly (i≤0.5d); metepisternum densely punctate (i≤d) distinctly longitudinally striate anterodorsally; metapostnotum rugose, fewer transverse lineations and more weakly microsculptured posteriorly; propodeum coarsely imbricate, moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T1 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T2-T5 moderately densely punctate-puncticulate (i=1-3d); T6-T7 moderately sparsely punctate (i≥2d); marginal zones of terga weakly imbricate and shiny, shallowly punctate.

Structure: Labrum 2.4 × wider than long (24:10); malar space ~0.6 × as long as clypeal lateral (5:8); LOT below anterior tentorial pits; clypeus ~1.2 × as long as maximum width in frontal view (35:29) extending for less than half its length beyond LOT; clypeus lacking median longitudinal groove; subantennal sutures ~1.15 × as long as shortest distance between them (14:12); IAD 1.5 × AOD (12:8); scape ~2.5 × as long as maximum width (23:9); pedicel slightly shorter than wide (7.5:8); F1 slightly shorter than wide (8:8.5); F2 shorter than F1 and ~0.75 × as long as F3 (F2:F3 - 7:9); UOD ~1.4 × LOD, IOD ~1.1 × UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 47:51:34); frontal line carinate in lower half, flat above; MOC subequal to width of head (84:83); OOC ~0.7 × IOC (12:17); genal area ~0.6 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (18:31); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 55:22:10:12; probasitarsus ~3.33 × as long as maximum depth (20:6); prodistitarsus ~0.9 × as long as preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 6:5:4:13); metafemur nearly twice as long as maximum depth (61:31); summit of metatibial ventral convexity at approximately two-thirds tibial length; metatibia ~2.2 × as long as maximum depth (55:25); in apical view apical lamina of metatibia reduced, short and thick, length ~0.5 × OD (5:9); ventral metatibial carina angled ventrad, somewhat laminate, rounded inflection near midpoint, posterior carina absent basally and originating in apical half of ventral carina; metabasitarsus 3.4 × as long as maximum depth (34:10); S1 process apical surface longitudinally concave, in lateral view anterior and posterior margins convergent apically. S7 apodemal arm sclerotized margin entire, fully enclosing membranous portion of arm; ventral lobe ~0.5 × as broad as basal attached length; dorsal lobe strap-like, subparallel-sided and somewhat anteriorly curved, with basal tuft of long setae and a short apical row, midlength bare. S8 lateral process ~1.1 × wider than long, anteromedial sclerotized margin wide and subparallel to margin throughout. Gonobase apicoventral truncate process biconvex and distinctly notched by a width less than one convexity.

Female. Length 4.5-5.1mm, forewing length 2.8-3.0mm, head width 1.0-1.1mm, thorax width 1.1-1.2mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.10mm.

Colouration: Black to black-brown except as follows: mandible with yellow basal spot, translucent yellow in apical half except apex translucent brown; antenna variable (apicoventral margin of F3 yellow-brown to brown; ventral surface of flagellum from F4 to terminal flagellomere yellow-brown to yellow, flagellomeres suffused with brown basally). Following parts yellow: dorsal surface of protibia, darkened to yellow-brown apicodorsally; apical half of prodistitarsus; narrow basal ring on mesotibia, wider dorsally. Anterior spot on tegula absent or faintly yellow. Following parts brown: apicodorsal spot on mesotibia; apical one-third of mesodistitarsus; narrow apical ring on metafemur (yellow-brown on some specimens). Metatibia with wide basidorsal band yellow-brown. Metasoma black, T1-T5 marginal zones narrowly translucent yellow.

Pubescence: As in male except as follows: clypeal hairs short and sparse (0.5OD); genal beard sparse (0.5-1.5OD); discs of mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum with sparse short hairs (≤0.5OD), longer and denser toward lateral margin of mesoscutum (0.5OD), and toward lateral and posterior margins of scutellum (1-1.5OD), longest posteromedially; scopae on metafemur and metatibia (1-1.5OD); T1-T3 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD); S1 hairs long and moderately dense (≤2OD); S2 scopal hairs (1-2OD).

Surface sculpture: As in male except as follows: lower paraocular area densely punctate (i=d); scape and frontal, vertexal, and genal areas moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d), scape shallowly punctate, genal area weakly imbricate; hypostomal area weakly imbricate to glossy apically, shallowly and moderately sparsely punctate (i≥2d); mesoscutum and scutellum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d); mesepisternum irregularly punctate, sparse below scrobe and anterior of episternal groove (i=1-3d), irregularly spaced on hypoepimeral area (i≤2d); metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=0.5-2d); metapostnotum sparsely longitudinally carinate, carinae irregular; propodeum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T1-T5 punctures small and sparse (i=1-3d on T1-T3; i≥2d on T4-T5); T6 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d).

Structure: Labrum ~2.5 × wider than long (21:8); malar space 0.5 × as long as clypeal lateral (4:8); LOT below anterior tentorial pits; clypeus subequal in length to maximum width in frontal view (30:28) extending for less than half its length beyond LOT; median longitudinal groove weak on clypeus; subantennal suture length subequal to shortest distance between them (11:12); IAD ~1.5 × AOD (12.5:8); scape ~3.2 × as long as maximum width (21:6.5); pedicel longer than wide (7.5:6.5); F1 subequal in length and width (6:6); F2 ~0.67 × as long as F1 and same length as F3 (F2:F3 - 4:4); UOD ~1.3 × LOD, IOD ~1.05 × as long as UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 44:47:34); frontal line carinate in lower half, flat above; MOC subequal to or slightly longer than width of head (78:74); OOC ~0.75 × IOC (11.5:16); genal area ~0.6 × as wide as eye in lateral view (16:26); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 51:20:10:11.5; probasitarsus ~3 × as long as maximum depth (20:6.5); length of prodistitarsus subequal to that of preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 5.5:5:4:14); metafemur ~2.6 × as long as maximum depth (42:16); metatibia ~4.2 × as long as maximum depth (55:13); metabasitarsus ~3.67 × as long as maximum depth (33:9).

Material studied

(38 males & 20 females): Holotype (male): Region V, Lilenes, S 32.928°, W 71.546°, 19m, 13.i.1967, Toro (AMNH); Allotype (female): same locality and date as holotype, De la Hoz (AMNH); Chilicola valparaiso holotype (male): Region V, Peñuelas, S 33.149°, W 71.559°, 362m, i.1975, Cerda (AMNH) Region V: one paratype female, same locality as holotype, 5.x.1975, L. Ruz (PUCV); two paratype females, same data, PUCV-ENTO 21480, PUCV-ENTO 21481 (PUCV); one paratype male, same locality as holotype, 23.x.1966, De la Hoz (AMNH); one paratype male, same locality as holotype, 25.x.1966, De la Hoz (AMNH); one paratype male, same locality as holotype, 23.x.1966, H. Toro G. (AMNH); two paratype males, same locality as holotype, 5.x.1975, H. Toro, PUCV-ENTO 21467, PUCV-ENTO 21474 (PUCV); one paratype male, Mantagua, S 32.866°, W 71.491°, 15m, 13.i.1967, H. Toro G. (AMNH); three paratype males, same locality and collector, xii.1971 (AMNH); two paratype males, Reñaca, S 32.972°, W 71.544°, 14m, 20.xi.1966, De la Hoz (AMNH); one paratype female, Pr. Aconcagua, 5.xi.1971, A.R. Moldenke, on Chaetanthera linearis , INT BIOL PROGRAM 45330 (AMNH); one male, same locality as holotype, 26.x.1979, L. Ruz (PUCV); one female, Lilenes Alto, S 32.934°, W 71.544°, 74m, i.2000, F. Vivallo (UFRJ); one male, Dunas de Concón, S 32.941°, W 71.552°, 41m, 12.i.1976, G. Cerda (AMNH); one male, Reñaca, S 32.972°, W 71.544°, 14m, 22.x.1994, J.G. Rozen (AMNH); one male, same locality, 17.i.1973, G. Cerda (AMNH); one female, Curauma, S 33.015°, W 71.541°, 61m, 5.i.2000, F. Vivallo (UFRJ); seven males, Viña del Mar, S 33.025°, W 71.552°, 18m, xi.1988, Fritz (AMNH); one female, Peñuelas, S 33.149°, W 71.559°, 362m, 22.i.1975, Cerda (AMNH); two males and two females, Concón, S 32.917°, W 71.5°, 60m, 21.x.2008, K.S. Ramos, CCDB-06736 F02 // PCYU-KCC-10040, CCDB-06736 F03 // PCYU-KCC-10041, CCDB-06736 F01 // PCYU-KCC-10039, CCDB-06736 E12 // PCYU-KCC-10038 (PCYU); one female, Mantagua, S 32.866°, W 71.491°, 15m, 26.xi.1976, H. Toro Jr (AMNH); one female, same locality, 2.ii.1967, H. Toro, PUCV-ENTO 21990 (PUCV); one male, Mantagua Dunas, S 32.865°, W 71.494°, 13m, 12.i.1976, G. Cerda B. (PUCV); six males and five females, Playa Ritoque, N of Concón, S 32.849°, W 71.515°, 13m, 5.x.2000, L. Packer (PCYU); one male and one female, same data (CTMI); one male, same data, CCDB-03755 A04 (PCYU); two males, Aconcagua Prov. Papudo/Zapallar, 5.xi.1971, A.R. Moldenke, on Chaetanthera linearis , INT BIOL PROGRAM 45330, INT BIOL PROGRAM 45387 (AMNH); one male, Aconcagua Prov. Papudo/Zapallar, date unknown, H. Toro (AMNH); one female, Aconcagua Prov., 12.i.1973, A.R. Moldenke, on Carpobrotus chilensis , INT BIOL PROGRAM 45397 (AMNH); Region IV: one female, Choapa, Pichidangui, S 32.1383°, W 71.5067°, 15m, 10.xi.2003, F.D. Parker, pan trap, CHL-14510-85 // Native Bee Survey BBSL695300 (BBSL).

Distribution.

Coastal, southern Coquimban Desert, from Peñuelas (Region V) north to Pichidangui (Region IV); 13-362m a.s.l.

Ecology.

Collected on Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) N. E. Br. (1 record), Cheatanthera linearis Poepp. ex Less. (2 records), and Chorizanthe vaginata Benth. (1 record). Recorded October to February.