Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799)

Hakim, Jonathan, Trageser, Scott J., Ghose, Animesh, Rashid, Sheikh Muhammad Abdur & Rahman, Shahriar Caesar, 2020, Amphibians and reptiles from Lawachara National Park in Bangladesh, Check List 16 (5), pp. 1239-1268 : 1244

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799)

Material examined. BANGLADESH • 1 F, 56 mm adult; Sylhet Division, Moulvibazar District, Kamalganj Upazila, LNP, stream at Lawachara Station ; 24°19.59′N, 091° 47.10′E; 16 Jun. 2015; 20:39; photo voucher ZRC ( IMG) 1.126 .

Identification. Specimens observed in the park were tan to olive-brown frogs, often with large olive spots on the dorsum, which have eyes prominently placed towards the top of the head ( Kabir et al. 2009). Calls among our specimens were 0.6–1.2 seconds long and made once every 2.0–2.5 seconds, pulsing at 13–16 pulses/s with a dominant frequency of 3100–3400 Hz and a fundamen- tal around 1600–1700 Hz. Examined specimens keyed out to E. cyanophlyctis as opposed to the original description of E. kalasgramensis Howlader 2015 due to a large SVL of 49-56 mm in females, nostril-snout length 6–7% of SVL, nostril no closer to snout tip than eye, and first finger longer than both second and fourth.

Taxonomic notes. Howlader et al. (2015) described the congener E. kalasgramensis and showed genetic and/or morphological matches occurring to the north, west, and south of LNP. Surprisingly, our specimens aligned morphologically with Howlader et al.’s (2015) description of E. cyanophlyctis as opposed to E. kalasgramensis . However, the morphological description in Howlader’s paper was based on relatively few sites, and it is possible that the morphological characteristics will not hold with broader sampling. It is recommended that more sampling be done in this area to robustly distinguish these species across their wider range.

Habitat. One of the most widespread species in the park, E. cyanophlyctis was found in every type of mature and degraded habitat from dense forest to open fields. It usually sat or floated in still or slow-moving water bodies includ- ing man-made ponds, ditches, rice paddies, flooded fields, pools in drying streams, and slow-moving stream waters.