Eophrixus Caroli, 1930

An, Jianmei, Boyko, Christopher B. & Li, Xinzheng, 2015, A Review Of Bopyrids (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae) Parasitic On Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) From China, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015 (399), pp. 1-85 : 66

Eophrixus Caroli, 1930

DIAGNOSIS: Female: Body distorted with swollen brood pouch. All seven pairs of pereopods well developed and of same size. Pleon of five segments, first four pleomeres with lobate lateral plates and biramous pleopods. Endopodite of pleopods often smaller than exopodites; uropods usually small.

Male: Longer than wide, head often fused with first pereomere. Pleon fused into single piece, without pleopods.

TYPE SPECIES: Phrixus (Eophrixus) lysmatae Caroli, 1930 , by subsequent designation of Markham, 1982.

OTHER SPECIES: Eophrixus adriaticus (Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis, 1931), E. brevicauda ( Chopra, 1923) n. comb., E. caudatus , n. sp., E. enchophyllus Caroli, 1930 , E. kuboi ( Shiino, 1939) , E. laevimanus Caroli, 1930 , E. leptochelae ( Pillai, 1966) n. comb., E. nigrocinctus ( Chopra, 1923) , E. pikei ( Bruce, 1968) , n. comb., E. shojii Shiino, 1941 , E. subcaudalis ( Hay, 1917) .

REMARKS: Caroli (1930) established Eoph ‐ rixus, containing three species, as a subgenus of “ Phrixus ” (= Hemiarthrus Giard and Bonnier, 1887 ), but only one species, Phrixus (Eophrixus) lysmatae Caroli, 1930 , was well described, leading Markham (1985a) to conclude that the other two species, Phrixus (Eophrixus) enchophyllus Caroli, 1930 , and Phrixus (Eophrixus) laevimanus Caroli, 1930 , were nomina nuda. However, Caroli (1930) mentioned morphological characters (mostly color) and provided photographs (of poor quality) for both these species therefore, although both are poorly described and not included in the key below, the names are available under ICZN Article 12.2.7 (applying to names published before 1931). The earliest author to mention a type species for the genus appears to be Markham (1982), but he indicated that Phrixus (Eophrixus) lysmatae was the type species by monotypy, which is incorrect. Markham (1982) actually selected Phrixus (Eophrixus) lysmatae as the type species of Eophrixus by subsequent designation. Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis (1931) raised Eophrixus to generic status and Caroli (1949) synonymized Hypophryxus Shiino, 1934 , with Eophrixus .

Markham (1992a) purportedly removed Hypophryxus from synonymy with Eophrixus , but a reading of that paper shows that he was, in fact, purporting to remove from synonymy Hyperphrixus , a genus that has never been synonymized with any other. Markham (1992a) appeared to transfer Hemiarthrus filiformis Chopra, 1923 , to Hypophryxus (e.g., pp. 277, 291 and fig. 15, 16 figure captions on pp. 292–293) but also on (pp. 292–293) gave the new combination as Hyperphryxus [sic] filiformis and erroneously referred to Hyperphrxus [sic] Shiino, 1934, when Hyperphrixus was a genus erected by Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis, 1931. He also cited the type species of Hyperphrixus as Hyperphryxus [sic] yusakiensis Shiino, 1934 , when it is Hyperphrixus tattersalli Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis, 1931. Apparently, Markham (1992a) became confused by the similarity of the genus names Hyperphryxus and Hypophrixus and confounded their characters and type species. Based on the key characters of H. filiformis , including having fewer than seven pereopods on one side of the body, this species belongs to Hyperphrixus , not Hypophryxus . The correct name for the species is therefore Hyperphrixus filiformis ( Chopra, 1923) (new combination). Markham’ s (1992a) statement about removing Hyperphryxus [sic] from synonymy with Eophrixus is likewise incorrect as Hyperphrixus was never synonymized with Eophrixus by Caroli (1949) or any other author. Hypophryxus was synonymized with Eophrixus by Caroli (1949) bases on the fact that the type species ( H. yusakiensis ) has all the characters of Eophrixus and thus we concur that the two genera should be considered synonymous. Pillai (1966) and Bruce (1968) each described a species in Hypophryxus , both unaware of Ca‐ roli’ s (1949) synonymy of that genus with Eophrixus . The result of this is that Eophrixus contains 13 species: the seven included by Markham (1985a), the two poorly described species of Caroli (1930), Hemiarthrus brevicauda Chopra, 1923 , Hypophryxus leptochelae Pillai, 1966 , Hypophryxus pikei Bruce, 1968 , and the new species described herein.