Cryphalus dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1866)

Johnson, Andrew J., Li, You, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Park, Sangwook, Lin, Ching-Shan, Gao, Lei & Hulcr, Jiri, 2020, East Asian Cryphalus Erichson (Curculionidae, Scolytinae): new species, new synonymy and redescriptions of species, ZooKeys 995, pp. 15-66 : 15

Cryphalus dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1866) Figures 2C , 3C , 6A-H

Hypoborus dorsalis Motschulsky, 1866: 403 (India).

Hylesinus sericeus Motschulsky, 1866: 402 (Sri Lanka).

Hypoborus nebulosus Motschulsky, 1866: 403 (India).

Cryphalus indicus Eichhoff, 1878a: 384 (Myanamar).

Cryphalus indicus Eichhoff, 1878b: 489 (Myanamar).

Other material examined.

China • 1 ♀; Hainan, Qiongzhong, Wanling; 19.2115°N, 109.9548°E; 26 Oct. 2016; You Li leg.; Light trap with ethanol; UFFE:34070; (UFFE) • 1 ♂; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; 27 Jul. 2014; Craig Bateman leg.; EtOH live trap; specimens with crystalline structure, degraded; UFFE:21476; (UFFE).

Thailand • 1 ♂; Phatthalung, Srinagarindra District, Khao Banthat wildlife sanctuary; Jun. 2015; S. Steininger, and W. Sittichaya leg.; UFFE:25581; (UFFE) • 1 ♀; same collection data; DNA: 28S:MG051084; UFFE:25582; (UFFE).

Vietnam • 1 ♀; Hải Châu District, Da Nang; 10 Dec. 1966; H. P. Schurtleff leg.; S.L.Wood Collection; UFFE:12188; (USNM).

Diagnosis.

The combination of the size (1.60-1.90 mm), body proportions (1.75 × as long as wide), the transverse ridge on the male frons, scale-like setae on the pronotal disc, the very short pronotal disc, the smooth elytra with barely visible rows of strial punctures, and the presence of sparse interstrial bristles on only odd-numbered interstriae, and long spatula-shaped setae on the male protibiae distinguish this species from others in East Asia.

Female. Length 1.60-1.90 mm. Proportions 1.75 × as long as wide. Frons simple, convex, with sparse, evenly distributed erect setae. Antennal club with three procurved sutures marked by coarse and long setae, the most distal slightly more procurved. Antennal funiculus with four segments, the pedicel is slightly shorter than the other segments combined. Gular surface with evenly spaced hair-like setae. Pronotal colour brown, lighter on apical third. Pronotal profile slightly triangular, widest in line with centre of pronotal disc, 0.65 × as long as wide. Pronotal margin rounded, armed with four to eight serrations, the median pair slightly larger, contiguous, or separated by approximately half of their width, the outer pairs smaller separated by more than their width. Pronotal declivity with approximately 50 asperities, otherwise smooth. Pronotal disc approximately one quarter the length of the pronotum, gently sloped, with surface texture weakly tuberculate. Pronotal vestiture hair-like and dark coloured on anterior portion pointing towards summit, and scale-like setae over pronotal disc. Suture between pronotum and elytra weakly sinuate. Scutellum very small, barely visible when elytra closed. Elytra 1.6 × as long as pronotum, brown to translucent yellow-brown, elytral disc short, less than 1/3 length of elytra, and broadly rounded. Striae weakly visible as rows of punctures and hair like setae. Interstrial bristles erect, coarse bristles, shorter with a rounded tip on apical half, becoming longer and pointed on the declivity and lateral regions, only present on interstriae 1, 3, and 5 on declivity. Interstrial ground vestiture tridentate, approximately 2 × as long as wide, translucent brown with a weak iridescence, except a few on the basal area near scutellum, which are blonde, antero-lateral margin with hair-like setae shorter than interstrial bristles. Procoxae with coarse, hair-like setae. Protibiae and protarsi with only straight, hair-like setae. Mesocoxae moderately separated, more than distance between metacoxae. Proventriculus sutural teeth in multiple irregular rows. Apical teeth extend two thirds the width of the segment. Closing teeth longer than masticatory brush, branched near tips. Masticatory brush with fine teeth, short, less than half the segment length.

Male.

Similar to female except: Length 1.60-1.80 mm. Frons with straight transverse carina and sulcus above the level of eyes. Gular surface impressed and glabrous, surrounded by sparse hair-like setae. Pronotal profile triangular, almost constricted on antero-lateral edges. Pronotal declivity almost flat (not broadly rounded). Procoxae with large feather-like setae. Protibiae and protarsi with large spatula-shaped setae along inner margin. Last abdominal ventrite emarginated. Proventriculus same as female. Aedeagus not examined.

Distribution.

China (Hainan, Yunnan); Thailand; Vietnam.

Remarks.

Yin et al. (2002) listed Cryphalus indicus Stebbing, 1902, a primary homonym replaced by Cryphalus strohmeyeri Stebbing, 1914, as from Hainan. This record has subsequently been included in catalogues ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017). Based on the descripted in Yin et al. (2002), the identity was probably intended as Cryphalus indicus Eichhoff, 1878a, a junior synonym of C. dorsalis . The description in Yin et al. (2002) clearly indicates the stout proportions (1.8 × as long as wide) and the transverse ridge on the male frons, which correspond to C. dorsalis as we found in Hainan. Yin et al. (2002) listed the host as Abies , probably from other records or the original description, which does not grow in Hainan. Specimens of C. strohmeyeri were studied from elsewhere in China (USNM).

Figures

Figure 2. Proventriculus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 33232 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 3. Aedeagus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 31745 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 6. Cryphalus dorsalis A, C, E, G female, UFFE: 34070 B, D, F, H male, UFFE: 21476.