Chamus, DISTANT, 1904

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Systematic revision and phylogeny of the plant bug tribe Monaloniini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) of the world, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1), pp. 36-136 : 88-90

CHAMUS DISTANT

Figures 6 , 10C, K , 11A , 14T –AE, 18K–O, 22

Chamus Distant, 1904a: 197 (gen. nov.; type species: Chamus wealei Distant, 1904 by monotypy); Kirkaldy, 1906: 134 (cat.); Reuter, 1910: 152 (cat.); Reuter and Poppius, 1911: 413 (descr.); Poppius, 1912: 176, 192, 193 (key to gen., descr., key to spp.); Bergroth, 1922: 57 (cat.); China, 1944: 174 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 41 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 144 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 272, 274 (disc., descr., key to spp.); Schuh, 1995: 527 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 – 2013 (cat.).

Chamopsis Reuter and Poppius, 1911: 415 (gen. nov.; type species: Chamopsis conradti Reuter & Poppius, 1911 by monotypy); Poppius, 1912: 176, 195 (key to gen., descr.); Bergroth, 1922: 57 (cat.); China, 1944: 174 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 40 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 144 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 282 (disc., descr.); Schuh, 1995: 527 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.); Namyatova et al., in press (phylogeny), syn. nov., this work.

Parachamus Schouteden, 1946: 282 (gen. nov.; type species Parachamus bellus Distant, 1918 by monotypy); Villiers, 1952: 187 (descr.); Carvalho, 1952: 60 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 40 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 147 (cat.); Odhiambo, 1962: 271, 285 (disc., descr.); Schuh, 1995: 530 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.), syn. nov., this work.

Diagnosis: Chamus is diagnosed by a number of unique characters, including: three frontal spines ( Fig. 10K , fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), presence of long flattened setae on ASI, presence of wrinkles on lateral side of head (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press), and R + M very short, not reaching middle of corium. It can also be separated by: row of punctures on R + M and clavus present (as in fig. 12C, D in Namyatova et al., in press), distance between antennal fossa longer than antennal fossa diameter; calli separated (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), hemelytra widened posteriorly, membrane cell forming right angle (as in fig. 13B in Namyatova et al., in press), endosoma with semicircular or semioval spicule apically ( Fig. 14T, X , AB).

Description: Male: Length 5–7.5 mm. COLORATION ( Fig. 6 ). Ground colour varying from yellow to dark brown to black, appendages whitish yellow to yellow, sometimes with reddish tinge or pale brown areas; hemelytron often whitish yellow to yellow, transparent, with pale brown to dark brown markings, including large marking on posterior margin of corium, sometimes hemelytron mostly reddish or pale brown, not transparent. TEXTURE. Body mostly impunctate, only pair of punctures between mesoscutum and scutellum, striations on lateral margin of scutellum, and rows on punctures on clavus and on R + M present (as in Fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); head dorsally smooth or rugose, with wrinkles laterally (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press); vertex with pair of tubercles anteriorly on depression delimiting neck and single depression between eyes; tubercles on ASI absent or present; semicircular depression between scutellum and mesoscutum present ( Fig. 11A ); pronotum impunctate, often with small tubercles (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes mostly smooth with tubercles only laterally; scutellum often with wrinkles and tubercles, rarely smooth ( Fig. 11A ); hemelytron often with tubercles at base of setae, sometimes smooth. VESTITURE. Dorsum, ASII–IV, legs and abdomen clothed with pale or dark long erect setae often longer than tibia width, sometimes those setae spine-like; legs regularly setose; hemelytra also with short flattened setae, sometimes only basally; pleura clothed with pale short simple setae; ASI clothed with dense long flattened setae; spinules on femora absent; spinules on tibia in rows (as in fig. 18D in Namyatova et al., in press). STRUCTURE. Head. Distance between eye and pronotum subequal or slightly longer then eye diameter (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); depression delimiting occipital region indistinct or rarely distinct; longitu- dinal depression on vertex present, short; eye often not stylate, sometimes substylate, not embedded into head ( Fig. 10K , fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), c. 0.2– 0.25× as wide as head; distance between antennal fossa almost as long as or slightly longer than antennal fossa diameter; frons straight or concave, with three distinct outgrowths ( Fig. 10K , fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes middle outgrowth shorter than lateral; anterior view head c. 1.4–1.6× as wide as high ( Fig. 10K ); eye as long as or slightly longer than distance from eye to apex of clypeus; antennal fossa round, its diameter subequal to or slightly shorter than half of eye height ( Fig. 10K ), distinctly tuberculate (fig. 6B in Namyatova et al., in press), its inferior margin placed slightly above to or on the same level with inferior half of eye; base of clypeus placed on the same level with inferior margin of antennal fossa, delimited with depression; in lateral view head often almost flat, rarely convex dorsally; gula c. 1.5–2× as long as buccula. Labium. Length varying from slightly surpassing anterior margin of mesosternum to reaching middle of metasternum; LSI–II twice as long as wide, almost subequal in length; LSIII c. 1.5–2× as long as wide, slightly shorter than LSII, LSIV c. 3–5× as long as wide, c. 1.5–2× as long as LSIII. Antenna. Almost reaching apex of cuneus; ASI as long as, slightly longer or slightly shorter than head width, widened medially; ASII c. 1.6–2.0× as long as ASI, as long as or slightly longer than head and pronotum combined; ASIII c. 0.6– 0.7× as long as ASII, ASIV c. 0.4–0.7× as long as ASIII; ASII–IV filiform. Thorax. Collar distinct, fused with calli, flat (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); calli distinctly separated, rounded, depression delimiting calli posteriorly indistinct distinct only laterally (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); humeral angles of pronotum rounded, not dilated (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press), posterior part of pronotum sometimes with two protuberances ( Fig. 10C ); posterior margin of pronotum straight or sinuate (fig. 4B in Namyatova et al., in press); scutellum almost flat or slightly swollen anteriorly, without outgrowth, with wide medial depression, without ridge ( Fig. 11A ); metepimeron more or less enlarged, c. 2–3× as high as long, more or less angulate and subtriangular (as in Fig. 13C ); metasternum extending to abdominal segment II in triangular outgrowth (fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press). Hemelytron. Costal margins convex; hemelytra broadened posteriorly; claval commissure c. 1.6–2× as long as scutellum, straight (as in fig. 11C in Namyatova et al., in press); R + M shortened, not reaching posterior margin of corium; medial fracture inclined towards midline; posterior margin of corium slightly or moderately raised, but without swelling; cuneus c. 1–1.8× as long as wide, as long as, shorter or slightly longer than pronotum, medial margin almost straight; membrane cell slightly to distinctly surpassing apex of cuneus, forming almost right angle (as in fig. 13B in Namyatova et al., in press), as long as or longer than pronotum; auxiliary vein absent; distance from cell to apex of membrane 0.5–0.6× as long as cell length. Legs. Forecoxae contiguous (as in fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press); femora only indistinctly swollen apically, straight; foretibia shorter than head and pronotum combined; swellings on tibiae absent; segment I of hind tarsus subequal to or slightly longer than segment II, subequal to or slightly shorter than segment III; claw with apical half or third part curved; basal tooth on claw 2–3× as long as wide, concave or almost straight ( Fig. 13J ). Genitalia ( Fig. 14 , T-AE). Genital capsule at least slightly longer than wide, without outgrowth(s), its ventral wall not shortened anteriorly; left paramere c. 3.5–5× as long as right paramere, shape varying from almost straight to distinctly curved; sclerite around primary gonopore bowl-shaped, with short or long outgrowths, supporting ductus seminis; ductus seminis not sclerotized basally or apically, distinctly shorter than phallotheca length, without coils, attached to phallobase medially; sclerotized part of phallotheca broad, occupying entire dorsal part, rounded apically, without outgrowths or ridges; endosoma with oval or semioval dentate sclerite apically, and sometimes also with large field of small spicules.

Female: Length 5.5–8.5 mm. Similar to male, generally only slightly larger than males ( Fig. 6 ). Genitalia ( Fig. 18K–O ). DLP often without sclerotized bands, sometimes with single band, with many striations, without sclerotizations; lateral oviducts placed in posterior half of DLP or at midpoint, equidistant between them and lateral margins of DLP; spermathecal gland often placed in posterior part of DLP, sometimes almost at midpoint; posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with small tubercles, without any sclerotizations; base of second valvula slightly concave; ventral wall membranous.

Distribution: Broadly distributed in central and southern Africa ( Fig. 22 ).

Host plants: Chamus species are known from noncrop plants, such as Alchornea sp. (Euphorbiaceae) , Tetracera potatoria (Dilleniaceae) , Erythrina sp. (Fabaceae) ( Odhiambo, 1962) and Combretum spp. ( China, 1944; Odhiambo, 1962). Chamus tuberculatus was collected from guava ( Odhiambo, 1962).

Figures

Figure 6. Habitus photographs. Arculanus marshalli ♂ AMNH_PBI 5102, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19290; Pachypeltis sp. ♂ AMNH_PBI 46046, ♀ AMNH_PBI 34149; Chamus bellus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19050, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5223; Chamus conradti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19048, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19046; Chamus overlaeti ♂ AMNH_PBI 5123, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5123; Mansoniella flava ♂ AMNH_PBI 19270; Mansoniella nitida ♀ AMNH_PBI 45968; Mansoniella sassafri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19276, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19067; Eupachypeltis flavicornis ♂ LT AMNH_PBI 19128, ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19641.

Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. A, Mansoniella nitida ♀ AMNH_PBI 46067; B, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; C, Chamus bellus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5223; D, Lycidocoris mimeticus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5043; E, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110; G, Odoniellia reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19090; H, Volkelius carvalhoi ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19630; I, Yangambia vesiculata ♀ AMNH_PBI 19084; J, Ragwelellus suspectus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19629. Head, dorsal view. F, Sahlbergella tai ♀ AMNH_PBI 5106. Head, anterior view. K, Parachamus bellus ♀ AMNH_ PBI 5837. Head, lateral view. L, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838. Frons, dorsal view. M, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838.

Figure 11. SEM images. Scutellum, dorsal view. A, Chamus tuberculatus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5025; B, Volkeliopsis mindanao ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 45979; C, Boxia khayae ♂ AMNH_PBI 5065; D, Bryocoropsis soror ♂ AMNH_PBI 5115; E, Odoniella reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19090; F, Pseudodoniella typical ♂ AMNH_PBI 45978; G, Sahlbergella tai ♀ AMNH_PBI 5106; H, Pseudodoniella pacifica ♂ AMNH_PBI 46080; I, Yangambia vesiculata ♀ AMNH_PBI 19084; J, Sahlbergella singularus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19053; K, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Small tubercules on pronotum. L, Chamus tuberculatus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5025.

Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs. Metepimeron. A, Helopletis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628; B, Afropeltis hyalospilosus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5137; C, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; D, Pachypeltis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 45980; E, Odoniella reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19194. Setae on hemelytron. F, Boxia khayae ♂ AMNH_PBI 5065. Fore- and middle femora. G, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Hind femur. H, Helopeltis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628. Hind tarsus. I, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Claw, lateral view. J, Chamus sp. sex unknown, not databased; K, Pachypeltis brevirostris sp. nov. sex unknown, not databased; L, Helopeltis bradyi sex unknown, not databased.

Figure 14. Male genitalia, dorsal view. Afropeltis hyalospilosus AMNH_PBI 5137. A, aedeagus; B, right paramere; C, left paramere; D, genital capsule. Arculanus marshalli AMNH_PBI 5102. E, aedeagus; F, right paramere; G, left paramere; H, genital capsule. Arthriticus eugeniae AMNH_PBI 19573. I, aedeagus; J, right paramere; K, left paramere; L, genital capsule. Boxia khayae AMNH_PBI 5065. M, aedeagus; N, left paramere; O, genital capsule. Distantiella theobromae AMNH_PBI 19056. P, aedeagus; Q, right paramere; R, left paramere; S, genital capsule. Chamus bellus AMNH_PBI 19059. T, aedeagus; U, right paramere; V, left paramere; W, genital capsule. Chamus conradti AMNH_PBI 19048. X, aedeagus; Y, right paramere; Z, left paramere; AA, genital capsule. Chamus overlaeti AMNH_PBI 19073. AB, aedeagus; AC, right paramere; AD, left paramere; AE, genital capsule. The smaller scale is for genital capsule, the larger scale is for aedeagi and paramers.

Figure 18. Female genitalia, bursa copulatrix. Afropeltis lalandei AMNH_PBI 5261. A, dorsal labiate plate; B, posteri- or wall. Arculanus marshalli AMNH_PBI 19290. C, dorsal labiate; D, posterior wall. Arthriticus eugeniae no USI. E, dorsal labiate plate; F, posterior wall. Bryocoropsis laticollis var. infuscate AMNH_PBI 29096. G, dorsal labiate plate; H, posterior wall. Bryocoropsis soror AMNH_PBI 5144. I, dorsal labiate plate; J, posterior wall. Chamus bellus AMNH_PBI 19290. K, dorsal labiate plate. Chamus conradti AMNH_PBI 19046. L, dorsal labiate plate; M, posterior wall. Chamus overlaeti AMNH_PBI 19073. N, dorsal labiate plate; O, posterior wall. Dimia inexpectata AMNH_PBI 271341. P, dorsal labiate plate; Q, posterior wall. Distantiella theobromae. R, dorsal labiate plate; S, posterior wall.

Figure 22. Distribution maps of Afropeltis, Arculanus, Arthriticus, Boxia, Chamus, Eupachypeltis, Helopeltis, Mansoniella, Physophoropterella, Pseudodoniella and Sahlbergella.