Cyclorhipidion japonicum, (NobUchi, 1981)

Johnson, Andrew J. & Smith, Sarah M., 2023, Yet Another New Exotic Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) in Florida: Cyclorhipidion japonicum (Nobuchi, 1981), The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 148-151 : 148-151

CYcLORHIPIDION JAPONIcUM (NobUchi, 1981) , new continental record

( Figs. 1–6 )

Xyleborus japonicus Nobuchi 1981: 150 . Cyclorhipidion japonicum (Nobuchi, 1981) :

Mandelshtam and Petrov 2009: 207.

Three specimens from Florida and eight from Asia were examined: UNITED STATES • 1 ♀; Florida, Alachua County, Austin Cary Forest; 29.7237°, −82.2227°; 4 Feb. 2022; Andrew J. Johnson leg.; Collected live at sunset, hand collected in flight; UFFE:37496 (deposited in the University of Florida Forest Entomology Cryopreserved Insect collection (UFFE), Gainesville, FL; also one large phoretic mite: UFFE:37502) • 1 ♀; Florida, Alachua County, Austin Cary Forest; 29.7237°, −82.2227°; Sheet with LED and ethanol. 30 Mar. 2022; Andrew J. Johnson leg.; UFFE:37604 • 1 ♀; Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville; 29.66°N, − 82.31°E; 23 Sep.2022; Andrew J.Johnson leg.; UFFE:37894 (Albert J. CookArthropod Research Collection (MSUC), East Lansing, MI) • 1 ♀; CHINA: [unspecified province], northeastern China, DB07, A56, Wang (Robert J. Rabaglia Collection (RJRC) in Annapolis, MD).• 7 ♀ SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do, Namjeon-ri, Inje-eub, Injegun, 31.V.–16.VI.2021, Sangwook Park leg.(MSUC).

We also compared the specimen to photos of the holotype: Holotype ♀, JAPAN: Ohshima, Wakayama, ex Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.), 5. III. 1979, M. Kaimochi (images available from NIAES 2022), and photos of a specimen from Taiwan (Lin and Smith 2022: 299).

Cyclorhipidion japonicum can be distinguished from other species of Cyclorhipidion in North America by the following combination of characters: 2.0– 2.3 mm long, 2.81–3.5 times as long as wide (Park et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020), declivity weakly truncate, and sulcate (depressed along suture), declivital interstriae 3 with 4–6 pairs of prominent spines/tubercles. Among Cyclorhipidion known from North America, C. japonicum is the only species with large tubercles/spines on the declivity, which is obviously impressed.

There is a superficial resemblance to Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama, 1934), which can be easily distinguished by the more elongate shape, the

150 notched anterior margin of the pronotum, and the Cyclorhipidion has an astonishing diversity in declivity without any spines. Other Xyleborini spe- North America and now, among Xyleborini , concies have a sulcate declivity surrounded by several tains the largest number of introduced species on the pairs of spines, notably Xyleborinus artestriatus continent. The two sites from where these specimens (Eichhoff, 1878) and Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff , were collected—Austin Cary Memorial Forest, and a 1868, but both are easy to distinguish with other residential neighborhood in Gainesville—have been characters. There is also a strong superficial resem- sampled extensively over the last nine years by the blance to some of the Premnobius Eichhoff, 1879 first author prior to this discovery, with thousands of ( Ipini : Premnobiina) species in Central America scolytines collected at light sheets, which have been whose spines, if present, are along the costate mar- exhaustively identified. Three other Cyclorhipidion gins of the truncate declivity rather than on the species have also been collected at the same localdeclivital surface. ities. There are no major ports nearby, and speci- Other notable species with superficial resem- mens were collected in a rural area with a large tract blance include Acanthotomicus suncei Cognato , of natural hardwood forest.

2018 ( Ipini : Ipina) and Pityophthorus juglandis

Blackman, 1928 ( Corthylini : Pityophthorina ), but

A these are easily distinguished by the arrangement of CKNOWLEDGMENTS spines on the declivity and by the tibiae: those of We thank Anthony Cognato (Michigan State Cyclorhipidion are semicircular with denticles along University) for reviewing an earlier version of the the distal edge. manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for com- Couplet 1 of the identification key to ments. This research was supported by NSF, US Cyclorhipidion of North America by Smith and Forest Service, and Cooperative Agreement Cognato (2022) can be modified as follows: IP00533923 (awarded to Anthony Cognato) from the United States Department of Agriculture’s 1a. Declivity deeply sulcate, declivital interstriae 1 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and 2 smooth with minute setae, and declivital (APHIS). It may not necessarily express APHIS’ interstriae 3 with 4 to 6 prominent spines ....... views.

............................ CYcLORHIPIDION JAPONIcUM

(NobUchi, 1981)

— Declivity broadly convex, declivital interstriae REFERENCES CITED

1 and 2 with setae like other interstriae, small granules present on interstriae 1, 3 and some- Gomez, D. F., R. J. Rabaglia, K. E. O. Fairbanks, and times 2 ....................................................... 1b J. HUlcr. 2018a. North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: A review and key to genera and 1b. Declivital interstriae 1 with one row of setae

species ( Coleoptera , Curculionidae , Scolytinae ). ........................................... CYcLORHIPIDION NeMesIs ZooKeys 768: 19–68. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.

Smith and Cognato, 2022 768.24697.

— Declivital interstriae 1 with two or three irregular Gomez, D. F., J. Skelton, M. S. Steininger, R. rows of setae .............................................. 2 StoUthamer, P. RUgman-Jones, W. Sittichaya,

R. J. Rabaglia, and J. HUlcr. 2018b. Species Cyclorhipidion japonicum has been previously re- within the Euwallacea fornicatus ( Coleoptera : ported from China (Yunnan), Japan, South Korea, Curculionidae ) complex revealed by morphomet- Russia (Primorsky Krai), Taiwan, and Thailand (Lin ric and phylogenetic analyses. Insect Systematics and Smith 2022; Mandelshtam and Petrov 2009; and Diversity 2(6), 2. doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy018.

Lin, C.-S., and S. M. Smith. 2022. Four new species of Nobuchi 1981; Park et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020).The

Cyclorhipidion and five new records of other xyrecords are from a wide latitudinal range,from Thailand leborine genera ( Coleoptera , Curculionidae , Sco- (16°N) to Russian Primorsky Krai (43°N), suggesting lytinae, Xyleborini ) from Taiwan. Taiwania that this species may potentially have a very broad dis- 67(3): 285–301. doi.org/10.6165/tai.2022.67.285. tribution over much of the eastern United States. Mandelshtam, M. YU., and A. V. Petrov. 2009. Family Very little is known about C. japonicum , other Scolytidae —bark beetles [pp. 206–209]. In: than a few host records from Castanopsis and Nasekomye Lazovskogo zapovednika (Insects of Quercus (both Fagaceae ), which is typical for the the Lazovsky Reserve) (S. Yu. Storozhenko, Yu. genus (Smith et al. 2020). No members of this genus N. Sundukov, A. S. Lelei, V. S. Sidorenko, and

M. Yu. Proshchalykin, editors). Dal’nauka, Vladare known as pests, nor has this species been asso-

ivostok, 464 pp. [in Russian]

ciated with any tree health issues in Asia. An un- NIAES. 2022. National Institute for Agro-Environmental identified phoretic mite was collected on one of the Sciences type specimens. www.naro.affrc.go.jp/ specimens and imaged ( Fig. 7 ), but the origins and archive/niaes/inventory/insect/dbscolytidae/ nature of the associations are unknown. scolytidaesys.htm (accessed 14 December 2022) .

NobUchi, A. 1981. Studies on Scolytidae ( Coleoptera ) XXII. Six new species and two new females of the genus Xyleborus from Japan. Kontyû 49: 143–154.

Park, S., S. M. Smith, A. I. Cognato, and R. A. Beaver. 2020. Catalogue of Korean xyleborine ambrosia beetles ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae ) with seven new species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 13(2): 210–228. doi.org/10.1016/ j.japb.2020.01.002.

Rabaglia, R. J., S. L. Smith, P. RUgman-Jones, M. DiGirolomo, C. Ewing, and A. Eskalen. 2020. Establishment of a non-native xyleborine ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius) ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae ), new to North America in California. Zootaxa 4786:269–276.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4786.2.8.

Smith, S. M., R. A. Beaver, and A. I. Cognato. 2020. A monograph of the Xyleborini ( Coleoptera , Curculionidae , Scolytinae ) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys 983: 1–442. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.

Smith, S. M., R. A. Beaver, T. H. Pham, and A. I. Cognato. 2022. New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae ). Zootaxa 5209(1): 1–33. doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.5209.1.1.

Smith, S. M., and A. I. Cognato. 2022. New exotic beetles found in the United States among pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion species ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae : Xyleborini ) revealed via a multigene phylogeny. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(4), 2. doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac014.

Smith, S. M., D. F. Gomez, R. A. Beaver, J. HUlcr, and A. I. Cognato. 2019. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae ) complex after the rediscovery of the “lost” type specimen. Insects 10, 261. doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261.

(Received 7 October 2022; accepted 14 January 2023. Publication date 17 March 2023.)

Figures

Figs. 1–7. Photographs of Cyclorhipidion japonicum, specimen UFFE:37496. 1) Dorsal view; 2) Lateral view; 3) Ventral view; 4) Frontal view; 5) Declivital view; 6) Live photograph of dorsal view with phoretic mite; 7) Phoretic mite collected on the specimen.