Sanguinobolus maculosus Wesener, 2009

Wesener, Thomas, Enghoff, Henrik & Sierwald, Petra, 2009, Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda), ZooKeys 19 (19), pp. 1-128 : 14-16

Sanguinobolus maculosus Wesener , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CD92BDAF-F533-40B5-A50B-DA179DE3B2CC

Material examined: 1 ♂, 1 F. Holotype: 1 ♂ (118 mm long), FMMC 3918. Madagascar, Province Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d’Ambre , 3.6 km 235°SW Joffreville, 925 m, montane rainforest, 12°32’4” S, 049°10’46” E, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 20–26.I.2001 . Paratype: 1 ♀, FMMC 3918, same data as holotype .

Description. Measurements: male holotype with 51 body rings, circa 118 mm long, 9.8 mm wide. Female paratype with 52 body rings, 120 mm long, 10.5 mm wide.

Coloration faded in alcohol. Head, antennae, legs and telson red. Body rings dirty red-brownish.

Head: each eye with circa 35–40 ocelli arranged in 7 or 8 vertical rows. Labrum with standard three irregular teeth and a single row of 10–12 stout marginal setae. Clypeus with two setiferous foveolae on each side. Antennal cavity present, not extending below eye. Antennae of medium length, protruding back to ring 4. Relative lengths of antennomeres: 1<2>3=4=5=6, antennomere 2 longest. Terminal antennomere with four large sensory cones located together inside a membranous area ( Fig. 7A ). Antennomere 5 latero-apically with four rows, antennomere 6 with three rows ( Fig. 7B ) of sensilla basiconica.

Gnathochilarium: of usual spirobolidan shape. Lamellae linguales each with two standard setae located behind one another. Stipites each with three apical setae. Palpi of gnathochilarium with numerous sensilla. Hypopharyngeal crest with a field of spinelike structures. Central pads of endochilarium separated into two levels, group of 10– 12 sensilla located apically in recessed area. Medial palps with a large group of sensilla each, located towards hypopharyngeal crest.

Mandible: external tooth simple, rounded; mesal tooth with three cusps ( Fig. 7E ). Five or six pectinate lamellae. Mesal margin of pectinate area with circa two rows of small slender spines. Molar plate with numerous (8–10) transverse furrows.

Collum: smooth, laterally not protruding as far as ventral surface of body ring 2.

Body rings: mostly smooth, with some irregular punctation and some transverse impressions on mesozona. Metazona and mesozona ventrally with deep longitudinal impressions. Ozopores starting at body ring 6, located closely in front of, but not touching suture between mesozona and metazona. Ozopore on ring 6 located much more ventrally than subsequent ozopores.

Telson: anal valves with well-developed lips and micropunctation but with neither grooves nor setae. Preanal ring and subanal process well-rounded, not extending beyond anal valves. Preanal process inconspicuous.

Legs: coxae 1 and 2 elongated and fused with sternum, podomeres from prefemur to tarsus in both sexes each with 4–10 ventral/mesal setae. Length of midbody legs circa 1.2 times body diameter in males, circa 1.0 times body diameter in females. Each podomere with an apical ventral seta. Coxae 3 and beyond of rectangular shape. Tarsus with a stout dorso-apical seta and a pair of stout ventro-apical ones in males, in females with three pairs of setae, of which apical pair stout, others successively smaller.

Male sexual characters: tarsi 3 and beyond with a small tarsal pad not protruding past base of claw. Mesal margin of tarsus towards tarsal pad carrying five grooves with short sensory setae ( Figs 7C, D ). An additional row of numerous short setae present on outer tarsal margin ( Fig. 7D ). Coxae 3 and 4 each with a short process protruding posteriorly, but never overlapping adjacent coxa.

Anterior gonopod sternite elongated into a wide, broadly-rounded lobe with a slightly narrowed tip ( Fig. 6A ). Mesal process of coxite weakly developed, protruding into a wide, very short process, shorter than sternite ( Fig. 6A ). Telopodite on posterior side basally with a circular groove ( Fig. 6B ). Telopodite process long, basally slender, proximally greatly enlarged into a characteristic swollen knob ( Fig. 6B ). Mesal margin not projecting ( Fig. 6B ).

Posterior gonopods unique ( Figs 6C, D ). Gonopod pair connected by a well-sclerotized and visible sternite. Telopodites positioned face-to-face with one another. Coxite and telopodite separated by a membranous area. Branch of coxite long and stout, almost as long as, but more slender than lateral main branch of telopodite ( Figs 6C, D ), latter curved towards opposite gonopod, not tapering ( Fig. 6C ). Main branch 2 times longer than wide, completely sclerotized. Mesal margin towards coxite branch with some membranous folds, which slightly protrude above mesal margin ( Fig. 6D ). Sperm canal discharging apically at mesal margin of lateral main branch.

Female sexual characters: vulva simple, consisting of two simple, subequally-sized, sclerotized plates, bivalve-like ( Fig. 8 ). Both plates only basally with 3 or 4 rows of setae located towards opening. Anterior plate slightly larger than posterior one ( Fig. 8 ).

Intraspecific variation: only known from holotype and a single female paratype.

Etymology: maculosus , adjective, refers to the spotted black-red colour pattern.

Figures

Figure 6. Sanguinobolus maculosus sp. n., male holotype. A left half of anterior gonopod, anterior view B left half, posterior view C left posterior gonopod, anterior view D left posterior gonopod, posterior view. Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; St = sternite; T = telopodite;T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale.

Figure 7. Sanguinobolus maculosus sp. n., male paratype, SEM. A antenna, apical view, arrow indicates area shown in 7B B antennomere 6 with sensilla basiconica C male left midbody leg D detail of tarsus E left mandible, mesal view. 3iT = 3-combed internal teeth; eT = external tooth; LT = lateral tooth; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; sb = sensilla basiconica.

Figure 8. Sanguinobolus maculosus sp. n., female paratype, SEM, right vulva. Abbreviations: av = ante- rior valve; O = operculum; pv = posterior valve.