Amphibalanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854)

Pitriana, Pipit, Valente, Luis, von Rintelen, Thomas, Jones, Diana S., Prabowo, Romanus E. & von Rintelen, Kristina, 2020, An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia, ZooKeys 945, pp. 17-83 : 17

Amphibalanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854) Figure 23a-p , Table 1: species no. 89

Balanus amphitrite var. (8) variegatus Darwin, 1854: 241.

Balanus amphitrite var. stutsburi Krüger, 1914: 437.

Balanus concavus sinensis Broch, 1931: 63, fig. 23.

Balanus amphitrite rafflesia Nilsson-Cantell, 1934a: 64.

Balanus amphitrite var. cirratus : Pope 1945: 362, pl. 28 fig. 6, pl. 29 fig. 6, pl. 30 figs 13, 14.

Balanus amphitrite cirratus : Skerman 1960: 610, figs 1, 3 (non Balanus amphitrite cirratus Darwin, 1854).

Balanus variegatus : Harding 1962: 291, pl. 10 figs a-k; Zevina et al. 1992: 92, fig. 64.

Balanus variegatus var. cirratus : Pope 1966: 179.

Balanus amphitrite : Foster 1967: 83 (part.).287.

Balanus kondakovi : Henry & McLaughlin 1975: 78 (part., New Zealand specimens; non B. kondakovi Tarasov & Zevina, 1957).

Balanus variegatus variegatus : Foster 1979: 111, fig. 67, pl. 14b.

Balanus cirratus : Ren & Liu, 1978: 145, figs 14, 15 (1-13), pl. 4 figs 15-20, pl. 5 figs 1-6.non Balanus amphitrite variegatus : Nilsson-Cantell 1934a: 60.

non Balanus variegatus : Henry & McLaughlin 1975: 78, fig. 17, pls. 6, 7; Utinomi 1968b: 171 (= B. cirratus ).

Amphibalanus variegatus : Pitombo 2004: 274; Horikoshi and Okamoto 2005: 49, fig.3.

Material examined.

Ambon Island: 15 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 014, Waitatiri, 3°37'04.0"S, 128°16'20.3"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 19 Sep 2017. Saparua Island: 10 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 015, Teluk Saparua, 3°34'25.7"S, 128°39'25.8"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 22 Sep 2016.

GenBank accession numbers.

COI gene (MK995342-MK995345), 18S (MK981355).

Diagnosis.

Primary parietal tubes with transverse septa; exterior of shell with longitudinal and horizontal striations; anterior margin of cirrus III without conical denticles, erect hooks below posterior angles of distal articles of rami absent.

Description.

Shell steeply conical, tubular in crowded populations; six parietal plates, smooth, thin, brownish purple externally with longitudinal stripes crosshatched by transverse bands, single row of internal tubes (Fig. 23b ); carina forming a spout-like projection; radii wide, summits oblique, pink-purple; alae with summits oblique; orifice toothed (Fig. 23a-c ); sheath purple with white bands, vesicular; basis calcareous, porous; scutum externally with growth lines prominent, internally with articular ridge high, adductor ridge moderately long; tergum with spur furrow, externally purple, margins white, spur pointed, basal margin deeply excavated on either side of spur, depressor muscle crests prominent(Fig. 23d, e ); cirrus III without conical denticles on anterior margin (Fig. 23h ); maxilla without notch (Fig. 23l ), mandible with four teeth (Fig. 23n ), labrum notched, denticulate (Fig. 23o ); penis with basidorsal point, with two apical setae (Fig. 23p ). Basal length (8.3-11.8 mm, basal width 6.9-10.4 mm, height 4.3-8.4 mm; orifice length 4.8-11.8 mm; orifice width 3.4-5.3 mm (measurements for ten specimens are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S22).

Distribution.

Amphibalanus variegatus has been reported from the Indo-west Pacific: Bay of Bengal; Sumatra; New Zealand, Australia; Indonesia; Singapore; Vietnam; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; W Kyushu; Vladivostok; and is a common fouling species ( Henry and McLaughlin 1975; Jones and Hosie 2016). In this study, A. variegatus was found on the islands of Ambon (at Waitatiri) and Saparua (at Teluk Saparua) on stones and a plastic bag (a map with the occurrence of Amphibalanus variegatus in the Moluccas is shown in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S4).

Remarks.

Amphibalanus variegatus is a member of the Balanus amphitrite complex, whose members can be difficult to distinguish morphologically. Amphibalanus variegatus can be differentiated by its vesicular sheath, and from A. reticulatus by features of the tergum, armature of cirrus II and the lack of erect teeth below the posterior distal angles of cirri III-VI ( Henry and McLaughlin 1975).

Figures

Figure 23. Amphibalanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854) (MZB Cru Cir 014 - 1) a upper view b lower view c side view d external view of scutum and tergum e internal view of scutum and tergum f cirrus I g cirrus II h cirrus III i cirrus IV j cirrus V k cirrus VI l maxilla m maxillule n mandible o labrum p penis. Scale bars: 3 mm (a-c); 1 mm (d-h); 2 mm (i-k); 2 mm (p); 0.5 mm (l-o).