Dyscophellus basialbus, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Grishin, 2022

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2022, Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 2022 (921), pp. 1-135 : 16-18

Dyscophellus basialbus Grishin, new species

http://zoobank.org/ 20AC7B30-B572-4E35-B3B3-FDC0910626A7

Definition. Sequencing of the Nascus diaphorus Mabille and Boullet, 1912 (type locality Suriname) holotype (NVG-18086A07, EL63162) in MNHP reveals that it is a taxon closely related to Dyscophellus ramon Evans, 1952 (type locality Panama: Bugaba), and not to the species Evans (1952) and consequently Austin (2008) identified as Dyscophellus diaphorus . The D. diaphorus holotype will key out to D. ramon in Evans (1952: 149), because it has a white stripe along the vein 8 (i.e. Sc+R 1) on dorsal hindwing (instead of white basal area of Evans’ “ D. diaphorus ”) and tawny wing color (instead of more brown). Therefore, in the absence of available synonyms, Austin’s and Evans’ “ D. diaphorus ” becomes a species without a name, which is given to it here. Description of this species is already provided by Evans (1952: 149), where it keys out to D.4.8., and complemented by Austin (2008: 23), who also illustrated its male genitalia in detail (2008: Fig. 100). In brief, the new species is distinguished from its relatives by males with a broad pale area along hindwing costa above, up to about half wing length, preceded by dark basal spot and followed by dark-brown scaling between veins Sc+R 1 and M 1. This species is most closely related to Dyscophellus porsena (E. Bell, 1934) (type locality Peru: Iquitos) as revealed by sequencing of its holotype (NVG-15104B04) in AMNH. Austin (2008) discussed and illustrated D. porsena , which according to Austin differs from the new species by the pale area at the hindwing costa being confined to near vein Sc+R 1 as a white ray (but it looks more extensive in D. porsena holotype, so it remains to be investigated whether this character is variable or Austin misidentified D. porsena as well) and male genitalia with bulkier uncus, shorter tegumen and narrower valva with somewhat downturned harpe instead of slightly upturned harpe in the new species. The COI DNA barcodes of the new species and D. porsena differ by 5.8% (38 bp), and the new species is identified by the following combination of DNA characters in the barcode: A40C, T59C, A79G, T112C, A238G, T382A, T463C, A494T, and T547C. The COI barcode sequence of the holotype is:

A AC T C T T TAT T T TAT T T T C G G A AT T T G AG C AG G A ATAG T C G G TAC AT C AT TA AG AT TAC TA AT T C G A AC T GAAT TAGGGATCTCAGGT TCT T TAAT TGGTGATGATCAAATCTATAATACTAT TGT TACAGCTCATGCT T T TAT TATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGGGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCATTAATATTAGGGGCCCCT G ATATA G C T T T C C C G C G A ATA A ATA A C ATA A G AT T T T G AT TAT TA C C C C C AT C C T TA AT T T TA C TA ATTTCAAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTTTATCTTCTAATATTGCTCAT CAAGGATCTTCTGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGAATTTCATCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTT TATTACTACAATTATTAACATACGAATTAGAAACTTATCATTCGATCAATTACCCTTATTTGTTTGATCTGTTGGAAT TACAGCTTTACTATTATTACTTTCCTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACAATACTTCTTACTGATCGAAATTTAAATA- CATCATTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT

Type material. The specimen illustrated by Austin (2008: Fig. 34, 37), a male, is chosen as the holotype, also illustrated in Fig. 2j,k here. It is currently in the collection of McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Gainesville, FL, USA ( MGCL) and bears the following labels: || BRASIL: Rondonia | 65 km S Ariquemes | linea C-20, 7 km E | B-65, Fazenda | Rancho Grande | 9 June 1993 / leg. G. T. Austin | (at paper lures | 1700-1730) || DNA sample ID: | NVG- 15026C05 | c/o Nick V. Grishin ||. Another male from the same locality, but collected on 11 August 1993, was also sequenced as NVG- 15026C06 and is the only paratype. Due to possibly cryptic species in this complex, unsequenced specimens are not made paratypes. Type identification labels will be mailed to curators of the collection to be placed on these specimens.

Type locality. Brazil: Rondônia ; 62 km south of Ariquemes, Linha C-20, 7 km (by road) east of route B65, Fazenda Rancho Grande , elevation 180 m.

Distribution. Currently only known with confidence from the type locality, but phenotypically similar populations according to Evans (1952) are recorded from Colombia (Muzo, Rio Negro), French Guiana, Amazonian Peru and Brazil (Pará). At least some of these, however, may be D. porsena or other species.

Etymology. The species is named for the diagnostic character defined by Evans, white basal area by the costa on dorsal hindwing, instead of white ray along vein 8 (Sc+R 1). The name is a masculine adjective.

Figures

Figure 2. Holotypes of the Eudaminae species described in this work: a) Ornilius rotundus Grishin, gen. n., sp. n. dorsal; b) ibid. ventral; c) Dyscophellus australis Grishin, sp. n. dorsal; d) Salantoia metallica Grishin, sp. n. dorsal; e) ibid. ventral; f) ibid. left antennal club in ventro-anterior view, nudum facing up, 1 mm scale above; g) ibid. sterigma and ovipositor in ventral view, 1 mm scale below; h) Telegonus subflavus Grishin, sp. n. dorsal; i) ibid. ventral; j) Dyscophellus basialbus Grishin, sp. n. dorsal; k) ibid. ventral. Specimen images are to scale (shown under image a) and data are in the text. Photograph c (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).