Arnoglossus Bleeker, 1862

Amaoka, Kunio & Ho, Hsuan-Ching, 2019, The lefteye flounder family Bothidae (Order Pleuronectiformes) of Taiwan, Zootaxa 4702 (1), pp. 155-215 : 157

Arnoglossus Bleeker, 1862

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Arnoglossus Bleeker, 1862:427 . Type species: Pleuronects arnoglossus Schneider, 1801 .

Diagnostic features. Body elongate, elliptical. Tip of isthmus below posterior margin of lower eye. Dorsal profile of head not changing in both sexes and with growth. Eyes separated by ridge or very narrow concave; interorbital width same in both sexes. No rostral, orbital and mandibular spines in both sexes.

Mouth middle to large in size; maxilla extending to anterior margin to middle of lower eye or slightly beyond that point. Teeth on both jaws small to moderately large, uniserial, sometimes enlarged canine-like anteriorly; teeth on lower jaw stronger, longer, and more widely-spaced than those on upper jaw. Gill rakers slender to stout, sometimes with spines along each inner margin.

Scales cycloid or ctenoid with row of feeble ctenii on posterior margin on ocular side; scales cycloid on blind side; lateral line on ocular side curved above pectoral fin; absent on blind side.

Dorsal-fin without branched rays, sometimes with elongate anterior rays in adult males and/or females. Pectoral fin on ocular side not filamentous. Pelvic fin on ocular side originating at tip of isthmus, first fin ray on blind side opposite to third or fourth fin ray on ocular side. Vent on blind side, just before anal-fin origin; urogenital pore on ocular side. Caudal skeleton with four plates, including parhypural and three hypurals, without deep clefts.

Remarks. Arnoglossus is closely related to Japonolaeops , and differs in the larger mouth, with the upper-jaw length more than 1/3 HL.