Euthalia phemius, (DOUBLEDAY, 1848)

Yago, Masaya, Yokochi, Takashi, Kondo, Mariko, Braby, Michael F., Yahya, Bakhtiar, Peggie, Djunijanti, Wang, Min, Williams, Mark, Morita, Sadayuki & Ueshima, Rei, 2012, Revision of the Euthalia phemius complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on morphology and molecular analyses, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2), pp. 304-327 : 321-323

SSP. PHEMIUS ( DOUBLEDAY, 1848)

Distribution: Bangladesh, Nepal, north India (including Sikkim, Assam), Bhutan, Myanmar, west Malaysia, Langkawi, Thailand [including Tarutao Island and Samui Island (new record)], Laos, Vietnam, south and south-west China (including Hong Kong and Hainan Island).

Itanus phemius Doubleday, 1848 : pl. 41, fig. 4. Syntype ♂, type locality: Silhet , Bangladesh (NHM).

Adolias phemius: Westwood, 1850: 291 ; Moore, 1858: 187 (1♂, Darjeeling); Moore, 1859: 65, pl. 3, fig. 3 [partim: ♂, phemius , ♀, phemius nec. Doubleday = Euthalia alpheda ( Godart, 1824) ]; Moore, 1866: 766.

Adolias sancara Moore, 1858: 195 . syn. nov. Syntypes 2♀ (1♀ as 1♂ in the original description), type localities: north India and Darjeeling (NHM); Moore, 1859: 78, pl. 9, fig. 1 (♀); Butler, 1869: 602 (1♂ 1♀, north India and China).

Adolias (Itanus) phemius: Felder, 1861: 34 .

Adolias hesperus [nec. Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 = Euryphura chalcis (Felder & Felder, 1860) ]: Butler, 1869: 604.

Euthalia sancara: Kirby, 1871: 253 .

Euthalia phemius: Kirby, 1871: 254 ; Staudinger, 1886: 153, pl. 54 (partim: ♂, phemius , ♀, phemius nec. Doubleday = E. alpheda ); de Nicéville, 1886:

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Figure 20. Linearized neighbour-joining (NJ) tree based on Kimura’s two-parameter model using a combined sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) genes. Identical sequences were treated as a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Numbers indicate bootstrap values from NJ (top left) and maximum parsimony (top right) analyses, and posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (bottom). Only bootstrap values> 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities> 0.50 are shown. The abbreviations of OTUs correspond to those in Table 1. Molecular clocks of 1.1–1.2 ¥ 10 -8 substitutions per site per year for mitochondrial genes were applied for the divergence time estimations ( Brower, 1994). The classifications of Tsukada (1991) and from the present study are shown on the right.

218–219; Swinhoe, 1893: 286; Moore, 1898: 123, pl. 238, figs 1 (♂), 1a (♂), 1b (♀), 1c (♀); Bingham, 1905: 280, fig. 53 (♂); Tytler, 1911: 59; Matsumura, 1919: 573, pl. 44, figs 4 (♀), 5 (♂); Evans, 1924: 904, pl. 19, F.18.17 (1♂ 1♀); Matsumura, 1929 *: 23; Corbet, 1945: 182; Corbet, 1956: 233, pl. 7, fig. 92 (♂ genitalia); Doggett, 1974: 37 (1♂); Eliot, 1978: 200, 202, 437, 541, fig. 99 (♂ genitalia); G. & B. Johnston, 1980: 164 (♂); D’Abrera, 1985: 357–359; Mani, 1986: 134, 136; Wu, 1988: 135, pl. 12, figs 4 (♂), 5 (♀); Koiwaya, 1989: 89, 147, fig. 548; Eliot, 1992: 187, 188, 408, 557, fig. 99 (♂ genitalia), pl. 27, figs 23 (♂), 24 (♀); Igarashi & Fukuda, 1997: 437–438, pl. 198, figs ♂ UP, ♂ UN, ♀ UP, ♀ UN (+larva, pupae, and habitat); Aoyama, 1998: 132, fig. 3 (♂), 133, fig. 5 (♂), 282; Watanabe, 1998: 83, fig. ♀, 148; Chou, 1998: 136, pl. 56, figs 1 (♂), 2 (♂ UN); Nishiyama, 1999: 118, pl. 64 (2♂ 1♀); Bascombe et al., 1999: 15, 54, 55, 344, 345, 382, 391, 392, figs 9.141 (wing venation), 9.142B (♂ genitalia).

Euthalia (Euthalia) phemius: Evans, 1912: 575 .

Euthalia phemius phemius: Fruhstorfer, 1913: 674– 675 , pl. 131c ( phemius ♀); Godfrey, 1930: 293; Corbet, 1945: 179, fig. 6 (♂ genitalia); Fleming, 1974: 60, pl. 1 (♀); Fleming, 1975: 51, pl. 48, N 112♀; Pinratana, 1979: 76, figs N 131♂ (UP), N 131♀ (UP, UN); Fleming, 1983: 53, pl. 48, fig. N 112♀; D’Abrera, 1985: 357, ♂ R, ♂ V, ♀ R; Aoki & Yamaguchi, 1986: 151 (1♂); Motono & Negishi, 1989: 31; Chou, 1994: 487– 488, figs 4♂ UP, 4♂ UN, 4♀ UP, 4♀ UN; Gu & Chen, 1997: 185, figs 185 ♂ (UP, UN), ♀ (UP, UN); Nishiyama, 1999: 207; Ek-Amnuay, 2006: 442–443, pl. 195, fig. N148 (♂ UP, ♂ UN, ♀ UP).

Euthalia phemius seitzi Fruhstorfer, 1913: 675 , pl. 131d ( phemius ♂), pl. 137d ( seitzi U ♀). Syn. nov. Syntypes 1♂ 1♀, type locality: Hong Kong (MNHN); Mell, 1935: 240 (4♂ 1♀); Marsh, 1968: 73, pl. 27, figs 3 (♂), 4 (♀), 5 (♂); G. & B. Johnston, 1980: 189; D’Abrera, 1985: 358; Chou, 1994: 487–488, figs 5♂ UP, 5♂ UN, 5♀ UP, 5♀ UN; Bascombe et al., 1999: 344.

Euthalia phemius ipona Fruhstorfer, 1913: 675 . syn. nov. Syntype ♂, type locality: Perak, W. Malaysia (NHM); Pendlebury, 1939: 389–390.

Euthalia phemius f. phemius: Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza, 1924: 43 .

Euthalia phemius corbeti Pendlebury, 1939: 389– 390 , pl. 6, fig. 15 (♂). Holotype ♂, type locality: Langkawi (NHM) [not found]; Corbet, 1945: 182; Corbet, 1956: 233, 451; Pasteur, 1972: 21 (2♀).

Euthalia ipona: Fleming, 1974: 60 , pls 2a (♂), 2b (♀); Fleming, 1975: 51, pl. 48, N 113♂, N 113♀; Eliot, 1978: 200, 202, 437; Pinratana, 1979: 76, figs N 132♀ (UN), N 132♂ (UP), N 132♀ (UP); Fleming, 1983: 53, pl.48, figs N 113♂, N 113♀; D’Abrera, 1985: 358–359, ♂ R; Eliot, 1992: 187–188, 408, pl. 27, figs 21 (♂), 22 (♀); Kato & Raman, 2005: 137 (2♂ 2♀), 269; Ek-Amnuay, 2006: 442–443, pl. 195, fig. N151 (♂ UP, UN, ♂ UN, ♀ UP, UN).

Euthalia (Aconthea) phemius phemius: Pinratana & Eliot, 1996: 78 , pl. 53, fig. 143 (♂, ♀).

Euthalia (Aconthea) ipona: Pinratana & Eliot, 1996: 78 , pl. 53, fig. 144 (♂, ♀).