Salmo kottelati, Turan, Davut, Dogan, Esra, Kaya, Cueneyt & Kanyilmaz, Mahir, 2014

Turan, Davut, Dogan, Esra, Kaya, Cueneyt & Kanyilmaz, Mahir, 2014, Salmokottelati, a new species of trout from Alakir Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae), ZooKeys 462, pp. 135-151 : 137-140

Taxon classification Animalia Salmoniformes Salmonidae

Salmo kottelati sp. n. Fig. 1

Holotype.

FFR 03180, 205 mm SL, male; Turkey: Antalya Province: Altınyaka village; Alakır Stream (40°35.32'N, 40°51.50'E); D. Turan, E. Doğan and C. Kaya. 21 September 2014.

Paratypes.

FFR 03181, 21, 98-210 mm SL; same data as holotype. FFR 03182, 16, 98-176 mm SL; CMK 22405, 4, 97-143 mm SL; Turkey: Antalya Province: Altınyaka village; Alakır Stream (40°35.32'N, 40°51.50'E); M. Kanyılmaz, 15 September 2008.

Diagnosis.

Salmo kottelati is distinguished from all the described species of Salmo in Turkey by the combination of the following characters: 7-9 parr marks along lateral line distinct in males up to at least 176 mm SL and in females up to at least 208 mm SL; absence of four dark bands on flank in males and females; black spots on body numerous, ocellated, scattered on back, middle and upper part of flank (sometimes lower part of flank) in males larger than about 160 mm SL, and females between about 160−190 mm SL; in males and females smaller than about 160 mm SL, black spots few, present only on upper part of flank; few to numerous ocellated red spots on back and half of upper and lower flank; number of both black or red spots commonly increasing with size and age in males while number of both black and red spots decreasing with size and age in females; head long (29-33% SL in males, 26-32 in females); mouth large (length of mouth gape 13-19% SL in males, 12-15 in females), slightly subterminal; maxilla long (10-13% SL in males, 8-12 in females), reaching beyond eye in males longer than about 120 mm SL and in females longer than about 170 mm SL; 105-113 lateral-line scales (until posterior hypural margin); 24-29 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 17-19 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13-15 scale rows between lateral line and adipose-fin insertion; gill rakers 18-20 on outer side of first gill arch.

Description.

General appearance shown in Fig. 1, morphometric and meristic data given in Tables 1 and 2. Dorsal profile of body behind head markedly convex, ventral profile less arched than dorsal profile in both sexes. Body moderately deep. Head long, 1.2-1.4 times body depth at dorsal-fin origin in males, 1.0-1.2 in females, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally in males longer than about 190 mm SL, not flattened in males smaller than about 180 mm SL, and in females. Head shape sexually dimorphic: upper profile slightly convex in interorbital area and convex on snout slightly behind level of nostrils in males, straight in interorbital area and markedly convex on snout in females. Mouth large, terminal or slightly subterminal in males larger than about 190 mm SL, subterminal in males smaller than about 180 mm SL and in females, conspicuously subterminal in juveniles. Upper jaw equal or slightly longer than lower jaw in males larger than about 190 mm SL, longer in females and juvenile, and in males smaller than about 180 mm SL. Tip of lower jaw slightly curved upward in males larger than about 190 mm SL and but in contrast, not curved in females of all sizes. Maxilla long, reaching beyond eye in males larger than about 120 mm SL and in females longer than about 170 mm SL, upper edge convex posteriorly in males, straight or slightly convex in females. Snout pointed in males and slightly pointed in females.

Lateral line with 105-113 scales; 24-29 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 17-19 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13-15 scale rows between lateral line and adipose-fin insertion (Table 2). Dorsal fin with 3-4 simple and 9½–10½ branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Adipose fin small in males smaller than about 170 mm SL with upper edge straight or slightly convex anteriorly and convex posteriorly or large, almost reaching caudal-fin base in males larger than about 190−200 mm SL, upper margin markedly convex. In females, adipose fin small to medium, upper edge markedly convex both anteriorly and posteriorly. Pectoral fin long, with 1 simple, 10-13 branched rays, outer margin slightly concave. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7-9 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 6½–8½ branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly. Caudal fin long and emarginate in small to large size specimens, lobes slightly pointed. Gill rakers 6-7 + 12-13 = 18-20 on outer side of first gill arch. Total vertebrae 55(2), 56(12), 57(5), and 58(1); predorsal vertebrae 13-15 with mode of 14; number of abdominal vertebrae 33-35 with mode of 34, and that of caudal vertebrae 21-23 with mode of 22. Abdominal region longer than caudal region, rarely regions equal, and difference between abdominal and caudal counts 11-14; most common vertebral formula 34+22.

Sexual dimorphism. Males of Salmo kottelati having longer head and maxilla and greater mouth gape than females.

Colouration.

General body colour greenish to silvery in life. Body dark brown on back and upper part of flank, brownish to yellowish on lower part of flank and belly yellowish in preserved specimens (Fig. 1). A large black spot (larger than pupil but smaller than eye) and one to five small black spots (smaller than pupil) behind eye (on cheek and preopercle), and 4-15 on opercle (smaller than pupil). Three to 21 black spots on top of head, smaller than pupil. Black spots on body, numerous, ocellated, medium to large (equal to or smaller than pupil), scattered on back (sometimes present in predorsal area), middle and upper part of flank (sometimes lower part of flank) in males larger than about 160 mm SL. Black spots few, present only on upper part of flank in both sexes smaller than about 160 mm SL, and in females over about 190 mm SL. Red spots few to numerous, ocellated, scattered on median, and half of lower and upper part of flank. Number of both black or red spots increasing with size and age in males except for one male (Fig. 1B) but, in contrast, number of both black and red spots decreasing with size and age in females. Dorsal fin greyish, with three or four rows of red spots posteriorly on lower part, 6-7 rows of black spots on middle, lower and upper part, boldly marked. Caudal fin dark grey, outer margin blackish. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Leading edge of anal fin white in specimens larger than about 170 mm SL. Adipose fin greyish. Seven to nine parr marks distinct in males up to at least 176 mm SL and in females up to at least 208 mm SL, broad and large (Fig. 1), slightly rounded.

Distribution and habitat.

Salmo kottelati is only known from Alakır Stream in which located about 96 km southwest of the city of Antalya, a drainage of Mediterranean Sea in southern Anatolia (Fig. 2). It inhabits in cold and clear water and moderate current, with gravel and pebble substrate.

Etymology.

The species is named for Maurice Kottelat, who contributed to the knowledge of the fish fauna of Europe and Asia.