Scorpaena papillosa ergastulorum Richardson, 1842a

Wibowo, Kunto & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2020, Review of the Scorpaena papillosa species complex (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) with description of a new species from southwestern Australia, Zootaxa 4852 (5), pp. 527-546 : 530-532

Scorpaena papillosa ergastulorum Richardson, 1842a

English name: Southern Red Scorpionfish

Figures 3 C–D, 4, 6, 7A–F; Tables 1–3

Scorpaena ergastulorum Richardson, 1842a: 217 (type locality: Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia); McCulloch 1929: 383 (in part, Australia).

Scorpaena militaris Richardson, 1842b: 90 (type locality: Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia) (error as " miles " in Richardson 1843: 18); Richardson 1845: 22, pl. 14, figs. 1–2 (coast of Van Diemen`s Land, Tasmania, Australia).

Scorpaena cruenta (not Solander in Richardson): Gunther 1860: 112 (in part, coast of Van Diemen`s Land, Tasmania, Australia); Bleeker 1863: 446 ( Port Jackson , New South Wales, Australia); Macleay 1881: 430 ( Port Jackson , Port Phillip, Tasmania, Australia); Waite 1898: 36 (New South Wales, Australia); Waite 1899: 99 (New South Wales, Australia); McCulloch 1912: 17 ( Port Jackson , New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia); McCulloch 1922: 116 (New South Wales, Australia); Mc-Culloch 1926: 36 (Shell Harbour and Narooma, New South Wales and eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia).

Ruboralga cardinalis (not Solander & Richardson in Richardson): Whitley 1968: 84 (in part, Australia).

Scorpaena papillosa: Kuiter 1993: 120 (coast of southeastern Australia); Kuiter 1997: 86 ( Australia); Motomura et al. 2005b: 867 (in part, Australia); Johnson & Motomura 2008: 488 (southern coast of Australia).

Specimens examined. 85 specimens, 24.5–148.7 mm SL. New South Wales: AMS I. 6747, 78.3 mm SL, Port Jackson , 33°51′S, 151°16′E, 10 Jul. 1886 ; AMS I. 16849-024, 2, 81.1–99.1 mm SL, Murrays Head, Jervis Bay , 35°08′S, 150°45′E, 2–9 m, D. Pollard et al., 30 Oct. 1971 ; AMS I. 16851-034, 47.0 mm SL, southwest of Bowen Island, Jervis Bay , 35°07′S, 150°46′E, D. Pollard & P. Straw, 2 May 1972 ; AMS I. 16898-001, 1 of 5, 92.7 mm SL, off Darling Road, Jervis Bay , 35°03′S, 150°44′E, 18–20 m, D. Pollard, 22 Sep. 1971 ; AMS I. 19258-001, 85.8 mm SL, off Sydney , 34°00′S, 151°14′E, R. Kuiter, 3 Oct. 1976 ; AMS I. 21774-037, 57.8 mm SL, south of Batemans Bay , 35°47′S, 150°13′E, 0–1 m, D. Hoese et al., 21 Feb. 1976 ; AMS I. 25280-002, 8, 91.9–130.2 mm SL, off Green Cape , 37°16′48″S, 150°04′48″E, 84–95 m, bottom trawl, FRV Kapala , 22 Nov. 1984 ; AMS I. 28556-002, 3, 59.2–63.6 mm SL, Jervis Bay & Murrays Beach, 35°03′00″S, 150°43′48″E, bottom trawl, M. Lincoln-Smith, May 1988 ; AMS I. 28732-007, 5 of 7, 26.7–90.5 mm SL, Bittangabee Bay , 37°13′12″S, 150°01′06″E, 1.5 m, AMS Party, 6 Apr. 1989 ; AMS I. 28738-002, 10, 24.5–102.5 mm SL, Bittangabee Bay , 37°13′S, 150°00′E, 0–4 m, AMS Party, 8 Apr. 1989 ; AMS I. 30425-002, 108.4 mm SL, northeast of Tathra , 36°37–40′S, 150°09–10′E, 108–111 m, FRV Kapala , 23 Nov. 1984 ; AMS I. 34520-001, 2, 96.6–128.4 mm SL, off Green Cape , 37°19–22′S, 150°17–18′E, 137–141 m, FRV Kapala , 14 Mar. 1993 ; AMS I. 45027-036, 1 of 5, 76.0 mm SL, AMS I. 45027-037, 3 of 5, 28.8–69.1 mm SL, Mollymook, Jones Beach , 35°19′19″S, 150°29′00″E, 0–4 m, M. McGrouther, 11 Mar. 2010 ; AMS I. 45133-003, 2, 56.9–68.5 mm SL, Sydney Harbour , 33°50′52.8″S, 151°17′06.0″E, Macquarie University Fish Class, 23 Sep. 1972 ; CSIRO A 826 , 82.6 mm SL, Eden , 37°05′S, 149°55′E, 23 May 1950 ; CSIRO CA 602 , 52.8 mm SL, Botany Bay , Oct. 1977 ; CSIRO H 3537-02 , 2 , 79.6–102.7 mm SL, south of Disaster Bay, 37°22–24′S, 149°58′E, 42–44 m, A. Graham, FRV Southern Surveyor , 13 Aug. 1993 ; CSIRO H 4251-04 , 2 , 80.4–85.9 mm SL, precise locality unknown ; KAUM–I. 47217, 86.3 mm SL, KAUM–I. 47218, 81.2 mm SL, KAUM–I. 47219, 74.7 mm SL, Kianinny Boat Ramp, Tathra , 36°44′15″S, 149°58′59″E, 0.5–4.5 m, AMS Party, 9 Apr. 2008 . Victoria: AMS I. 19248-007, 109.9 mm SL, Port Phillip , 38°19′S, 144°43′E, 5 m, S. Parish & R. Kuiter, 16 Jun. 1976 . Tasmania: AMS IA. 4107, 81.2 mm SL, AMS IA. 4108, 66.3 mm SL, d’Entrecasteaux Channel , 43°15′S, 147°16′E, 9 m, M. Ward, Oct. 1929 ; AMS I. 9260, 119.7 mm SL, Port Arthur , 43°09′S, 147°51′E, C. Hedley, 1908 ; AMS I. 14197, 66.9 mm SL, Wedge Bay, Hobart , 43°07′S, 147°41′E, 9–18 m, C. Hedley, 13 Apr. 1917 ; AMS I. 17193-009, 1 of 4, 81.0 mm SL, Wedge Bay, off Maydeena , 43°07′S, 147°40′E, 7 m, T. Garrard, May 1966 ; AMS I. 17550-011, 5, 46.7–141.3 mm SL, north of Port Arthur , 43°00′S, 147°46′E, 0–2 m, D. Hoese & W. Ivanstoff, 2 Dec. 1972 ; AMS I. 17551-012, 1 of 5, 115.5 mm SL, Port Arthur , 43°09′S, 147°51′E, 1 m, D. Hoese & W. Ivanstoff, 2 Dec. 1972 ; AMS I. 17554-010, 2, 56.9–57.3 mm SL, south of Boat Harbour, Bicheno , 41°53′S, 148°18′E, 1 m, D. Hoese & W. Ivanstoff, 5 Dec. 1972 ; AMS I. 17576-009, 116.3 mm SL, the Gardens, north of Binalong Bay, 1 m, D. Hoese & W. Ivanstoff , 6 Dec. 1972 ; AMS I. 17905-001, 107.0 mm SL, off Erith Island , 39°27′S, 147°18′E, 5 m, N. Coleman, 10 May 1974 ; BMNH 1875.11 .12.26, 148.7 mm SL, precise locality unknown ; BMNH 2004.8 .2.1, 116.6 mm SL, Port Arthur ; CSIRO B 1531 , 4 , 72.8–82.9 mm SL, east of Cape Barren Island , 40°19′S, 148°41′E, 60 m, 12 Nov. 1978 ; CSIRO H 678-1 , 72.2 mm SL, off Rocky Cape , 46 m, 16 Oct. 1986 ; CSIRO T 1071, 147.2 mm SL, off Fossil Island , 43°02′S, 147°57′E, M. McGeary, 14 Sep. 1980 ; CSIRO T 1115 , 66.5 mm SL, Frederick Henry Bay, S. Bell ; CSIRO T 1281 , 2 , 72.8 –77.0 mm SL, northeast coast of Flinders Island, R. Green , 24 Apr. 1980 ; CSIRO T 1402-02 , 132.8 mm SL, southern Tasmania, K. Harris , 2 Feb. 1980 ; CSIRO T 1705 , 3 , 65.0– 90.5 mm SL, Point Home Lookout, Mercury Passage , 42°33′S, 147°57′E, B. Hutchins, 19 Feb. 1982 ; CSIRO T 2001-01 , 61.7 mm SL, Waterhouse Point, Dusky Reef , 40°49′S, 147°11′E, 3 m, P. Last, 6 Jan. 1974 .

Diagnosis. A subspecies of Scorpaena distinguished from other members of the S. papillosa complex by the following combination of characters (all morphometrics based on specimens less than 70 mm SL): pectoral-fin rays 15–17 (mode 16); scale rows in longitudinal series 41–47 (44 or 45); scale rows above lateral line 4–7 (6), below 10–14 (12); scale rows between 6th dorsal-spine base and lateral line 5–7 (5 or 6), between last dorsal-spine base and lateral line 4–7 (5); body depth 29.0–37.6 (mean 33.1) % of SL; upper-jaw length 16.8–20.0 (18.6) % of SL; maxilla depth 4.4–6.1 (5.0) % of SL; postorbital length 17.0–20.2 (18.4) % of SL; least distance between interorbital ridges 0.8–1.7 (1.3) % of SL; 1st anal-fin spine length 9.3–11.8 (10.6) % of SL; anterior lacrimal spine simple or with 1–3 additional spinous points on posterior margin; a single united or two separated pores behind lower jaw symphysial knob; supraocular tentacle tiny or small (usually tiny); all fins of preserved specimens usually blackish or yellowish-brown with many small blackish spots on soft rayed portions; largest recorded specimen 148.7 mm SL.

Distribution. Distributed off southeastern Australia, from Port Jackson, New South Wales (33°S) to the south coast of Tasmania (43°S) ( Fig. 4 ) (based on specimens examined in this study). The westernmost specimen-based record of the subspecies (NMV A 11578) is Port Lincoln, Spencer Gulf, South Australia (34°44′25″S, 135°53′04″E) (M. Gomon, pers. comm.). Specimens examined in this study had been collected from shallow rocky reef to deep water habitats at depths between 0–141 m (most commonly in depths less than 25 m).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Preserved specimens of Scorpaena papillosa papillosa (A) NMNZ P.028043, neotype, 164.6 mm SL, (B) NMNZ P.036267, non-type, 145.2 mm SL (Photo by NMNZ); S. p. ergastulorum (C) AMS 25280-002, 1 of 8 non-types, 130.2 mm SL, (D) KAUM–I. 47217, non-type, 86.3 mm SL; and S. vesperalis n. sp. (E) WAM P. 28521-003, holotype, 58.7 mm SL, (F) KAUM–I. 142986, paratype, 38.1 mm SL.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Scorpaena papillosa papillosa (blue circles), S. p. ergastulorum (yellow squares), S. vesperalis n. sp. (red triangles), based on collected specimens examined in this study. Arrowheads indicate type localities of S. p. papillosa and S. vesperalis n. sp.