Phanaeus tridens, Castelnau, 1840

Moctezuma, Victor, Halffter, Gonzalo & Lizardo, Viridiana, 2021, The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2), pp. 447-482 : 472-473

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.37520/aemnp.2021.025

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:85434EFF-F859-4BBF-8AB5-F50B9BA08771

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303372

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B2B878A-8A33-FFA7-FE94-FD4FEDD1FC07

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Phanaeus tridens
status

 

Key to the species of the Phanaeus tridens View in CoL species group

1 Elytral interstriae flat ( Figs 11–15 View Figs 10–12 View Fig View Figs 14–15 ). ........................ 2

– Elytral interstriae distinctly convex ( Figs 1–9 View Figs 1–5 View Figs 6–7 View Figs 8–9 , 16–17 View Figs 16–18 , 19–31 View Figs 19–21 View Figs 22–23 View Figs 24–26 View Figs 27–28 View Figs 29–31 ). ..................................................................... 4

2 Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into slender and elongate denticle ( Figs 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process and posterolateral angles of pronotum conical, similar in size ( Figs 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Elytral interstriae superficially impressed or partially erased ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 ). Southern Puebla to northern Oaxaca and central Guerrero ( Fig. 65 View Fig ). ............................................... ................................ P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 View in CoL

– Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into small denticle ( Figs 35 View Figs 32–42 , 46–47 View Figs 43–54 ). Posterolateral angles much longer than posteromedial process of pronotum ( Figs 35 View Figs 32–42 , 46–47 View Figs 43–54 ). Elytral interstriae distinctly impressed ( Figs 10–13 View Figs 10–12 View Fig ). .................................................... 3

3 Metallic green, rarely deep-blue with green sheen ( Figs 10–12 View Figs 10–12 ). Elytral interstriae I, III, V, VI and VII frequently roughened ( Figs 10–12 View Figs 10–12 ). Estado de México, Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, Oaxaca ( Fig. 65 View Fig ). ..... ............................................. P. daphnis Harold, 1863 View in CoL

– Dark blue with metallic turquoise sheen ( Fig. 13 View Fig ). Elytral interstriae I, III and V smooth; VI and VII lightly roughened ( Figs 10–12 View Figs 10–12 ). Puebla. .................... ............................................ P. coeruleus Bates, 1887 View in CoL

4 Posteromedial process of pronotum strongly widened as triangular ridge, not bifurcated apically, much longer than posterolateral angles ( Figs 40 View Figs 32–42 , 52 View Figs 43–54 ). Clypeal process (viewed from front) narrow, acute, usually much longer than wide at base ( Figs 24–26 View Figs 24–26 ). Central Valleys of Oaxaca to central Guerrero ( Fig. 67 View Fig ). ....... .............................................. P. nimrod Harold, 1863 View in CoL

– Posteromedial process of pronotum spine-like; triangular, not bifurcated apically, but shorter than posterolateral angles; or triangular, much longer than posterolateral angles but bifurcated apically ( Figs 32–34, 37–39, 41–42 View Figs 32–42 , 43–45, 49–51, 53–54 View Figs 43–54 ). Clypeal process variable, but almost always broader than long ( Figs 1–9 View Figs 1–5 View Figs 6–7 View Figs 8–9 , 16–17 View Figs 16–18 , 19–23 View Figs 19–21 View Figs 22–23 , 27–31 View Figs 27–28 View Figs 29–31 ). ..................................... 5

5 Elytral striae coarsely impressed and coarsely punctate with transverse punctures irregular in size ( Figs 27–31 View Figs 27–28 View Figs 29–31 ). ..................................................................... 6

– Elytral striae distinctly impressed and superficially punctate with almost effaced punctures ( Figs 1–9 View Figs 1–5 View Figs 6–7 View Figs 8–9 , 16–17 View Figs 16–18 , 19–23 View Figs 19–21 View Figs 22–23 ). ......................................................... 7

6 Bright metallic red with green-yellow sheen ( Figs 27–28 View Figs 27–28 , 53 View Figs 43–54 ). Posterolateral angles of pronotum longer than posteromedial process ( Figs 41 View Figs 32–42 , 53 View Figs 43–54 ). Elytral interstriae distinctly scabriculous ( Figs 27–28 View Figs 27–28 ). Eastern Oaxaca and probably western Chiapas ( Fig. 67 View Fig ). ....... ................................ P. victoriae Moctezuma View in CoL sp. nov.

– Metallic green, blue-green, dark blue, green-yellow, or red ( Figs 29–31 View Figs 29–31 , 54 View Figs 43–54 ). Posterolateral angles of pronotum shorter than posteromedial process of pronotum ( Figs 42 View Figs 32–42 , 54 View Figs 43–54 ). Elytral interstriae distinctly vermiculate ( Figs 29–31 View Figs 29–31 ). Guatemala to Costa Rica ( Fig. 68 View Fig ). ........................................ P. eximius Bates, 1887 View in CoL

7 Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into thick, short, projection emarginate apically ( Figs 38–39 View Figs 32–42 , 50–51 View Figs 43–54 ). Posterolateral portions of pronotum not sharply upturned nor produced into strong conical teeth ( Figs 38–39 View Figs 32–42 , 50–51 View Figs 43–54 ). ....................................... 8

– Posteromedial process of pronotum bifurcated apically, usually produced into elongate spine-like projection or triangular denticle ( Figs 18 View Figs 16–18 , 32–34, 37 View Figs 32–42 ). Posterolateral portions of pronotum sharply upturned or produced into slender, elongate, conical teeth ( Figs 18,32 View Figs 16–18 –34,37)......................................................... 9

8 Metallic green ( Figs 19, 21 View Figs 19–21 , 50 View Figs 43–54 ), dark blue ( Fig. 61 View Figs 55–62 ) or garnet-red ( Fig. 20 View Figs 19–21 ), occasionally green with bright red sheen. Pronotal disc strongly concave, rugose to granulorugose ( Figs 19–21 View Figs 19–21 , 50 View Figs 43–54 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum with variable number of short tubercles; tubercles sometime carinate or rounded ( Fig. 50 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum thick basally, strongly emarginate apically ( Figs 38 View Figs 32–42 , 50 View Figs 43–54 ). Central Jalisco to Sonora ( Fig. 66 View Fig ). ..... P. furiosus Bates, 1887 View in CoL

– Metallic bright green ( Figs 22–23 View Figs 22–23 ), occasionally with red sheen ( Fig. 51 View Figs 43–54 ). Pronotal disc flat, coarsely granulorugose ( Figs 22–23 View Figs 22–23 , 51 View Figs 43–54 ). Anteromedial portion of pronotum with two strongly developed, conical denticles ( Figs 51 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum narrowed basally, distinctly emarginate apically ( Figs 39 View Figs 32–42 , 51 View Figs 43–54 ). Colima, Pacific slope of Jalisco and Michoacán ( Fig. 66 View Fig ). ..... P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939 View in CoL

9 Posterolateral portions of pronotum produced into elongate, slender, conical denticles ( Figs 18 View Figs 16–18 , 37 View Figs 32–42 , 49 View Figs 43–54 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum without ridge of tubercles ( Figs 18 View Figs 16–18 , 49 View Figs 43–54 ). Southern-central slope of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt ( Fig. 65 View Fig ). ..................... ............................................... P. herbeus Bates, 1887 View in CoL

– Posterolateral portions of pronotum sharply upturned posteriorly ( Figs 32–34 View Figs 32–42 , 43–45 View Figs 43–54 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum with strongly developed ridge of tubercles ( Figs 43–45 View Figs 43–54 ). Distribution variable ( Fig. 64 View Fig ).................................................................................10

10 Multi-coloured pronotum, with sides bright metallic green-yellow, becoming bright red to wine garnet red medially ( Figs 6–7 View Figs 6–7 , 44 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into triangular denticle, strongly widened (reaching the anteromedial carina; Figs 33 View Figs 32–42 , 44 View Figs 43–54 ). Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz ( Fig. 64 View Fig ). .............. ............................................. P. moroni Arnaud, 2001 View in CoL

– Green ( Figs 1, 3–4 View Figs 1–5 , 8–9 View Figs 8–9 , 43 View Figs 43–54 , 55 View Figs 55–62 ), occasionally with bright red ( Fig. 2 View Figs 1–5 ) or yellow sheen ( Figs 45 View Figs 43–54 , 56 View Figs 55–62 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into triangular denticle, lightly widened (not reaching anteromedial carina; Figs 32, 34 View Figs 32–42 , 43, 45 View Figs 43–54 ). ....................... 11

11 Metallic green with blue ( Figs 1, 3–4 View Figs 1–5 ) or red sheen ( Fig. 2 View Figs 1–5 ). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with two flat, sharply upturned triangular tubercles, these tubercles occasionally joined by medial carina ( Fig. 43 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum uniform ( Figs 32 View Figs 32–42 ). Northern to central Veracruz ( Fig. 64 View Fig ). ...... .......................................... P. tridens Castelnau, 1840 View in CoL

– Metallic green ( Figs 8–9 View Figs 8–9 ). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with two inconspicuous, rounded tubercles or two triangular tubercles never joined by medial carina ( Fig. 45 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum distinctly narrowed medially ( Figs 34 View Figs 32–42 ). Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala (Huehuetenango) ( Fig. 64 View Fig ). ................................. P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001 View in CoL

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Scarabaeidae

Genus

Phanaeus

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