Orestes bachmaensis, Joachim Bresseel & Jérôme Constant, 2018

Joachim Bresseel & Jérôme Constant, 2018, The Oriental stick insect genus Orestes Redtenbacher, 1906: Taxonomical notes and six new species from Vietnam (Phasmida: Heteropterygidae: Dataminae), Belgian Journal of Entomology 58, pp. 1-62 : 13-19

Orestes bachmaensis sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDC71921-7274-4C1F-B29F-6E0F0A38C700

Figs 5–7 , 8 A–C , 9

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet refers to the type-locality, Bach Ma National Park in Central Vietnam.

TYPE MATERIAL. VIETNAM: Holotype ♂: C. Vietnam, Bach Ma N.P., summit 16°12’N 107°52’E 15-16.VII.2011, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 31.933 ( RBINS).

Paratypes (41 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀, eggs):

2 ♂♂: same data as HT (1 ♂: RBINS; 1 ♂: VNMN); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, eggs: same data as HT, ex breeding D. Dittmar 2017 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, eggs: RBINS; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: VNMN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Vietnam, Thua Thiên-Hué prov., Phong Dien near VNMN station, 16°35’12”N 107°20’31”E, 8-9.IV.2017, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 33.447 (RBINS). 15 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, eggs: C. Vietnam, Bach Ma N.P., summit 16°12’N 107°52’E 15-16.VII.2011, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 31.933, ex breeding J. Bresseel 2017 (8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, eggs: RBINS; 7 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, eggs: VNMN). 11 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, 6 eggs: ex Zucht: F. Hennemann 2013-2015, Herkunft: O-Vietnam: Bach Ma NP, leg. J. Bresseel & J. Constant VIII.2011 [coll. FH, No’s 0880-1 to 24 & E]. 10 ♂♂: ex Zucht: F. Hennemann 2014-2016, Herkunft: O-Vietnam: Bach Ma NP, leg. J. Bresseel & J. Constant VIII.2011 [coll. FH, No’s 0880-25 to 34].

DIAGNOSIS. Males with indistinct hump on dorsal posterior portion of meso- and metafemur; abdominal terga IV–V posteromedially raised ( Fig. 6 B ); all abdominal terga only slightly varying in length ( Fig. 6 A ).

Females with an elongated, strongly tapered and tectiform crest posteromedially on tergum IX ( Fig. 7 E–F ); abdominal sternum VII with a conspicuous medial compound tubercle anteriorly, merging with mediolongitudinal carina ( Fig. 7 E ); outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with two laterally compressed and rounded teeth posteriorly ( Fig. 7 G ).

DESCRIPTION.

MALE ( Fig. 6 ).

Measurements: see table 1.

Head: supra-antennals spinose and slightly pointed outwards followed by four smaller supraoccipitals. Vertex raised, supra-orbitals bluntly spinose, positioned at base of crest. Anterior, posterior and central coronals raised and fused basally. Central coronal about as long as anterior coronals; anterior coronals lamellate. Posterior and lateral coronals present as small, conical tubercles. Behind eye a distinct carina reaching posterior edge of crest, resulting in a conical tubercle. Eyes relatively small, circular and strongly projecting hemispherically. Antennae with 23 segments (n = 3), shorter than legs; scapus strongly flattened dorsally, laterally carinated and with spines laterally and posterolaterally; pedicellus slightly narrowing towards the posterior. First antennomere about as long as the following three antennomeres combined; antennomeres gradually getting longer till segment XII; antennal segment XIII shorter, with minute hump mediolaterally; following segments shiny and distinctly shorter; apical antennomere elongated, club-shaped and slightly longer than the two preceding antennomeres combined.

Thorax: pronotum more or less parallel-sided, quadrate and rugose. Anterior margin slightly incurved. Prozona with a distinct elevation centrally with two to four tubercles; anterior tubercles slightly larger, sometimes spinose. Metazona with a pair of granules anteriorly and posteriorly. Posterior margin straight. Mesonotum rugose with anterior margin thickened, distinctly concave and with a pair of granules or tubercles anteromedially; about parallelsided. Posterior portion slightly raised posteromedially and posterolaterally, posteromedially sometimes slightly conical. Mesopleura slightly widened above coxae; widened portion notched medially. Metanotum rugose and unarmed, slightly raised posterolaterally. Metapleura widened above coxae and slightly notched posterolaterally. Prosternum with sensory areas elongate oval. Sensory area on profurcasternum small and circular. Ventral surface of body rugose.

Legs: femora with carinae indistinct except for anterolateral carina of profemora; posterodorsal margin with triangular apex. Profemora about as long as mesonotum, curved basally and unarmed. Mesofemora shorter than mesonotum, with outer ventral carina with one or two minute, spinose tubercles. Metafemora slightly longer than pronotum; ventrally armed as mesofemora. Tibiae with carinae indistinct, slightly shorter than corresponding femora and unarmed. Tarsomeres I–III about the same length with a posteromedian rounded hump dorsally. Euplantulae more or less circular. Claws very small.

Abdomen: median segment unarmed, and rugose, with posterior margin concave. Abdominal terga rugose, only slightly varying in length. Tergum II transverse, slightly narrowing towards the posterior. Terga IV–V posteromedially raised and armed with two granules. Terga VI–VII with two posteromedian granules, sometimes indistinctly raised. Tergum VIII slightly wider than VII; widening towards the posterior, with posterior margin concave; IX distinctly transverse, with posterior margin with minute posteromedian ridge. Anal segment dorsoventrally flattened, almost parallel-sided and indistinctly notched posteromedially. Posterolateral angles rounded. Anterior margin thickened; merging in oblique carina.

Poculum more or less triangular from lateral view and strongly granulose; posterior rim dorsoventrally flattened and straight posteriorly; posterolateral angles broadly rounded. Poculum projecting over base of vomer but not reaching base of apical spine. Cerci short, strongly flattened and setose, not reaching apex of tergum X, with apices broadly rounded to almost straight. Vomer well developed, semicircular basally till base of posteromedial spine; posteromedial spine broad, blackish in posterior portion. Apex curved, not ending medially but slightly to the right.

FEMALE ( Fig. 7 ).

Measurements: see table 1.

Head: supra-antennals, anterior- and posterior supra-occipitals present as blunt spines gradually shortening towards the posterior. Vertex elongated and raised, supra-orbitals strong, slightly flattened laterally and blunt. Anterior coronals laterally compressed, lamellate with anterior margin reaching apex of supra-orbitals. Central coronal compound and slightly raised. Posterior and lateral coronals present as triangular tubercles. Between lateral coronal and supra-orbital, a row of three tubercles; between lateral- and anterior coronal several tubercles on side of crest. Behind eye, a distinct carina reaching posterior edge of crest, resulting in triangular tubercle. Eyes relatively small, circular and strongly projecting hemispherically. Antennae shorter than legs with 25 segments (n = 2); scapus strongly flattened dorsoventrally, laterally carinated and with a central and subapical spine on outer lateral carina; pedicellus slightly flattened dorsoventrally and slightly narrowing towards the posterior. First antennomere about as long as following three antennomeres combined; apical antennomere elongated, club-shaped and distinctly longer.

Thorax: pronotum trapezoidal, slightly widening towards the posterior; lateral margins with some granules, anterior margin incurved. Prozona with distinct elevation centrally with four raised tubercles, anterior pair sometimes more distinct. Metazona with two parallel rows of three granules; posterior margin straight. Mesonotum rugose with anterior margin thickened and slightly raised triangularly; lateral margins with several enlarged granules; posterior margin wider than anterior one; anterior portion with a raised pair of distinct, elongate-oval dark patches. Posterolateral and posterior margins granulose. Mesopleura slightly widened above coxae; anterior portion with three spinose tubercles; widened portion notched medially and with a spinose tubercle anteriorly. Metanotum more or less parallel-sided; sides of median line granulose. Metapleura widened above coxae, with anterior portion with five small spines; posterolaterally notched. Prosternum with sensory areas elongate oval, reaching lateral margin; sensory area on profurcasternum small and circular. Mesosternum with several pairs of enlarged black granules. Metasternum with few enlarged black granules.

Legs: femora with carinae relatively indistinct except for anterodorsal carina of profemora which is slightly raised and laterally compressed; dorso-apically ending with a triangular tubercle. Profemora slightly shorter than mesonotum and curved basally; dorsally with some minute humps. Mesofemora shorter than profemora; dorsal carinae with flattened and rounded teeth. Two most distinct teeth on outer dorsal carinae. Ventral carinae posteriorly with a pair of distinct laterally compressed and blunt teeth; anteriorly with some indistinct granules. Metafemora about as long as profemora; armed as mesofemora, but armature more distinct. Tibiae with carinae relatively indistinct, about as long as corresponding femora. Protibiae with three small humps on posterodorsal carina and two indistinct humps on anterodorsal carina. Meso- and metatibiae with a small but distinct central tooth, and a smaller posterior, rounded tooth dorsally. Metatibiae with a second small hump anteriorly. Tarsomeres I–III about the same length with a posteromedian rounded hump dorsally, IV distinctly shorter. Claws very small.

Abdomen: median segment strongly transverse, with posterior margin more or less straight and with indistinct central X-shaped pattern of granules. Abdominal terga rugose; terga II–III slightly raised mediolongitudinaly; terga III–IV slightly widening and with distinct armature posterolaterally; posterolateral armature present as enlarged tubercle, mostly triangularly spinose; tergum IV with two distinct transverse and rounded carinae posteriorly; tergum V slightly descending obliquely, posterior margin distinctly narrower than anterior one and with posterior armature as in tergum IV; armature projecting over tergum VI; tergum VI distinctly descending obliquely, tapering towards the posterior, with an X-shaped mediolongitudinal carina; tergum VII slightly tapering towards the posterior, with an X-shaped mediolongitudinal carina and posterolateral spinose tubercle; tergum VIII about as wide as VII, more or less parallel-sided and slightly ascending; posterolaterally with a spinose tubercle; IX about as wide as VIII with a distinct elongated and tectiform posteromedial crest; crest not distinctly notched apically, with apex narrow; sides of tergum IX tuberculose. Anal segment narrower than tergum IX, obliquely descending and dorsally flattened; anteriorly with a medial tubercle; oblique carinae distinct, curved and armed with tubercles, lamellate posteriorly; posterior margin straight with a pair of granules or tubercles. Abdominal sterna and subgenital plate with a mediolongitudinal carina. Subgenital plate rounded, boat-shaped with widest part at about mid length; posterior rim dorsoventrally flattened and broadly rounded apically, almost reaching margin of tergum X. Abdominal sternum VII with a conspicuous medial compound tubercle anteriorly, merging with mediolongitudinal carina.

EGG ( Fig. 8 A–C ).

Measurements [mm]. Length: 3.6; width: 2.7; height: 2.5.

Egg capsule oval and brown. Operculum suboval, convex and slightly tapering towards the dorsal side of capsule; ventral margin strongly rounded and distinctly lower than dorsal margin. Capsule and operculum covered with long setae (about 0.3 mm) with a distal black three-hooked grapnel-shaped structure. Between long setae some shorter, indistinct hairs scattered over capsule and operculum. Micropylar plate trilobate with one anterior expansion and with two posterior expansions. Margins of micropylar plate almost invisible. Anterior expansion parallel-sided. Apex rounded, reaching edge of capsule. Posterior arms laterally directed and slightly dilated on lateral surface of capsule, not reaching margins of ventral side; reaching halfway capsule laterally. Micropylar cup small, black, cup-shaped and protruding.

DISTRIBUTION: Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue province ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

Fig. 6. Orestes bachmaensis sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. E, terminalia, dorsal view. F, terminalia anterodorsal view. G, terminalia,lateral view. H, terminalia, ventralview. I, head andthorax,lateral view.

Fig. 7. Orestes bachmaensis sp. nov., paratype ♀, Bach Ma N.P., A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, ventral view.C, head andthorax, dorsal view. D, terminalia,dorsal view. E, Terminalia anterodorsal view. F, terminalia, lateralview.G, habitus lateralview.H, terminalia, ventral view. I, head and thorax,lateral view.

Fig.5. Orestes. spp., distribution map.

Fig.8. Orestes spp., eggs.A–C, O. bachmaensis sp. nov. A, lateralview.B, dorsalview.C, operculum. D–F, O. dittmari sp. nov. D, lateral view. E, dorsalview. F, operculum.

Fig.9. Orestes bachmaensis sp. nov. in nature, Bach Ma N.P., A–B, adult male, 14.VII.2011.C–D, adult female, 17.VII.2011. E, adult male, IV.2017. F, subadult female nymph, IV.2017.