Trioxys liui Chou & Chou, 1993

Rakhshani, Ehsan, Saval, Jose Michelena, Hidalgo, Nicolas Perez, Pons, Xavier, Kavallieratos, Nickolas G. & Stary, Petr, 2020, Trioxys liui Chou & Chou, 1993 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae): an invasive aphid parasitoid attacking invasive Takecallis species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the Iberian Peninsula, ZooKeys 944, pp. 99-114 : 99

Trioxys liui Chou & Chou, 1993 Figures 2 , 3

Material examined.

6♀ 6♂, Spain: Valencia, Botanical Garden, 39°28'36.6"N, 0°23'09.1"W, 17 m a.s.l., collected from 15.iv.2018 to 6.vi.2018, ex Takecallis sp. on Phyllostachys aurea , J.M. Michelena leg.; 2♀, Barcelona, public garden, 41°24'24.25"N, 2°11'49.78"E, 2 m a.s.l., 06.v.2018, ex Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi) on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Sample B-1052]; 2♀ 4♂, Barcelona, public garden, 41°24'24.15"N, 2°11'49.78"E, 2 m a.s.l., 18.v.2018, ex Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi) on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Sample B-1054]; 2♀ 4♂, same collecting data as for preceding, 06.vi.2018, ex Takecallis arundinariae (Essig) on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Sample B-1064]; 3♀, same collecting data as for preceding, ex Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi) on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Sample B-1065]; 2♀ 1♂, same collecting data as for preceding, captured on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Samples B-1064 + B-1065]; 1♂, Barcelona, public park, 41°23'16.05"N, 2°07'03.53"E, 71 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2018, captured on Phyllostachys sp., X. Pons leg. [Sample B-1070]; 1♂, Lleida Arboretum, 41°37'29.96"N, 0°36'11.70"E, 181 m a.s.l., 24.v.2018, captured on Indocalamus tessellatus , X. Pons leg. [Sample L-1059].

Morphological diagnosis.

Female - Body length: 1.4-1.6 mm, forewing length 1.5-1.6 mm. Clypeus (Fig. 2A ) narrow with 6 long setae on dorsal surface. Maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres, labial palp with 2 palpomeres (Fig. 2B ). Antenna (Fig. 2C ) filiform, with 11 antennomerese, covered mainly with semierect setae, slightly shorter than the diameter of segments. Flagellomere 1 (F1) 1.15-1.22 × as long as F2 and 3.60-3.75 × as long as maximally wide. F1 and F2 with 1-2 and 1-3 longitudinal placodes, respectively. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2D ) smooth with notaulices hardly visible at anterior part, sparsely setose. Forewing (Fig. 2E ) stigma elongate, triangular with slightly convex outline, 2.90-3.10 × as long as wide and 3.00-3.20 × as long as R1. Vein r&RS extended beyond R1. Wing margin with very long frings. Propodeum (Fig. 2F ) with well developed carinae, irregularely branched at anterior and lateral parts. Central areola partially divided by irregular internal carinae. Upper and lower parts of propodeum with 8 and 2 long erected setae, respectively. Petiole (Fig. 2G ) short, 1.55-1.80 × as long as wide at spiracles with a pair of long setae near each prominent spiracular tubercle and a single seta at posterio-dorsal area. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 2H ) stout, with smooth dorsal outline, deeply concaved ventrally in anterior edge, sharly expanded into a ventral projection bearing a pair of long setae. Prongs distinctly separated at base, almost stright, progressively constricted and upcurved at apex. Ventral side of prongs bear 4-5 prependicular setae, with single claw-shape seta and pair of short setae at apex.

Color (Fig. 3A ). Head and mesosoma dark brown to black, gaster brown. Antenna brown, mouth parts, pedicel, F1, legs and petiole yellowish brown. Wings infumated. Apex of oviposirot sheath dark brown.

Male (Fig. 3B ) - Antennae with 13 antennomeres, body length 1.4-1.5 mm.

Molecular data.

The DNA sequences of the mtCOI gene were obtained from a single specimen of both male and female of T. liui , with no intraspecific genetic distance (0.0%). The interspecific genetic distances of mtCOI within Trioxys species ranged from 10.9% to 14.7%. The uncorrected pairwise genetic distances (p-distance) of mtCOI, separated T. liui from all other Trioxys species, with at least 10% of the sequence divergence (Table 1 ). After the reconstruction of the Neighbor-Joining tree, T. liui stands basal to the branch that includes Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1833) and Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931 (Fig. 4 ). No further analysis was possible because almost all deposited sequences originated from specimens that were identified only at generic level.

Figures

Figure 2. Trioxys liui - female A head, frontal view B maxillary and labial palps C antenna D mesonotum and scutellum, dorsal view E forewing F propodeum G petiole, dorsal view H genitalia, lateral aspect.

Figure 3. Trioxys liui - general habitus A female B male.

Figure 4. Neighbor-Joining tree based on the partial mtCOI sequences from Trioxys and Binodoxys spp., including Trioxys liui, with Praon volucre and Ephedrus persicae as outgroups (NCBI accession no). Numbers next to nodes are the bootstrap values.